备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit3EnvironmentalProtection新人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit3EnvironmentalProtection一、阅读理解A[生态环保/2024江西南昌一模]Anewstudysuggeststhatpollutionofallkindskillsnearly9millionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Airpollutionfromindustrialprocessesandtheexpansionofcitiesaccountedforabout75％ofthedeaths，researchersfound.Thestudywasbasedonexaminationsofworldwidedeathratesandpollutionlevels.Thestudyseparatedtraditionalpollutantsfrommodernpollutants.Examplesoftraditionalpollutantsareindoorsmokeorwastewater.Modernpollutantsincludeairpollutionfromvehiclesorindustrialactivitiesandpoisonouschemicals.Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide.ButtheyremainamajorprobleminAfricaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Insomecountries，stateprogramstocutindoorairpollutionandimprovementsinsanitation（卫生设备）havehelpedreducedeathrates.InEthiopiaandNigeria，forexample，sucheffortscutdeathsbytwo-thirdsbetween2000and2024，thestudyfound.Modernkindsofpollutionarerisinginmostcountries，especiallydevelopingones，theresearcherssaid.Deathscausedbymodernpollutants—heavymetals，agriculturalchemicalsandcarbonemissions—are"skyrocketing"，saidstudyco-writerRachaelKupka.SheheadstheNewYork-basedGlobalAllianceonHealthandPollution.Kupkasaiddeathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisenby66％since2000."Ninemilliondeathsarealotofdeaths，"PhilipLandrigantoldtheAssociatedPressaboutthestudy’sresults.HeisdirectoroftheGlobalPublicHealthProgramandGlobalPollutionObservatoryatBostonCollegeinMassachusetts."Thebadnewsisthatit’snotdecreasing，"Landriganadded."We’remakinggainsintheeasystuff，andwe’reseeingthemoredifficultstuff—outdoorindustrialairpollutionandchemicalpollution—stillgoingup."Thestudymakesseveralsuggestionsforwaystocutthenumberofdeaths.Theseincludecreatingbetterrecordingandreportingmethodsandstrongergovernmentpoliciestoreducepollutionlinkedtoindustrialactivitiesandvehicleemissions."Weabsolutelyknowhowtosolvepollutionproblems，"saidstudyco-authorRichardFuller."What’smissingispoliticalwill."本文主要讲解并描述了一项新的探讨，该探讨发觉每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。文章还提到了探讨人员的一些相关看法和提议。【词语积累】expansionn.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀accountfor（数量、比例上）占poisonousadj.有毒的1.Whatcanbelearnedfromthestudyaboutpollution？A.Airpollutionkilled9millionpeoplelastyear.B.Cuttingindoorairpollutionisthebestpolicy.C.TraditionalpollutionisveryseriousinNigeria.D.Traditionalpollutantscauselessdeaththanbefore.解析D微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skyrocketing"inparagraph3probablymean？A.Improving. B.Increasing.C.Reducing. D.Worsening.解析B词义揣测题。由画线词后的"deathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisen66％since2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词在意思上最为接近。3.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilipLandrigan’swords？A.Itiseasytofightmodernpollution.B.Outdoorairpollutionisdecreasing.C.Modernpollutionstillconcernspeople.D.Itishardtotellthereasonsforpollution.解析C推理推断题。由第四段中PhilipLandrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加。由其次段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧。据此可以推断，PhilipLandrigan认为现代化污染仍在困扰着人们，故C项正确。4.Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A.Methodstoreducepollution.B.Thegovernment’sresponsetopollution.C.Suggestionsforindustrialactivities.D.Thedamagecausedbyvehicleemissions.解析B推理推断题。由最终一段中的"What’smissingispoliticalwill"和行文逻辑可以推断，最终一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应当会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。B[2024安徽六校开学测试]This3-milestretchofsandandtidepoolsbeneathafortressof80-footbluffsisaCaliforniatourismposterifthereeverwasone.Nothingdisturbstheperfect，sunnyview，except—onceyounoticethem—microplasticparticles.Butyouhavetolookclose—on-your-hands-and-kneesclose—toseeone.Andonceyoudo，youseeanotherandanother—somanythatyoumaynotthinkofthis，oranybeach，inthesamewayagain.Thesetinypreproductionplasticballsthatmanufacturersmeltdowntoformeverythinghavebeenescapingfactories，containerships，trains，trucksandpublicnoticefordecades.The2-to3-millimetermulticoloredballsareasubset（子集）ofmicroplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersinsize.Microplasticparticlesaccumulatewherewatertakesthem，andthey’vebeenfoundonshorelinesofeverycontinent.MarkMcReynoldsisanenvironmentalscientistwho’snowjoinedaglobalmovementstudyingtheirtrailintotheenvironment.Establishingabaselinecountofthepresenceofmicroplasticparticles—and，morebroadly，anymicroplastics—isthefocusofDrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere.Chartingthecountandnotingtide，currentandweatherconditionswillshowifamountsareincreasing，andperhapsatwhatrateandwhy.Thatknowledge，hesays，caninformsolutionstoplasticpollutionsuchasregulationoftheiruse."Whatareyoudoing？Pickinguptrash？"asksasteadystreamofbeachwalkerswheneverDrMcReynolds’crewwalksontothebeachandsetsupequipment.TheseareteachablemomentsforDrMcReynolds.Onerecentmorninghetoldsomebeachwalkershowmicroplasticparticlesarebelievedtoabsorbtoxicchemicals，and—becausetheyresemblefisheggs—areeatenbyfishandbirdsandenterthefoodchain.Almostrightontime，aseagullhoppeduptoaplastic-coatedphotoofmicroplasticparticlesandhungrilypecked（啄食）atit.Willhisworkhelpsavetheworld？DrMcReynoldswavesafingeratthatidea，"Iwon’teverusethatword—Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Protectit，yes.Wewanttotakecareofit."微塑料颗粒因为体积小，很久以来始终被人类忽视，但其实它们对地球生物有着极其可怕的影响。为了更好地疼惜地球，环境科学家McReynolds以及他的团队正在进行一项探讨。【词语积累】particlen.颗粒meltdown熔化accumulatev.积累，积聚，积累establishv.确定，建立resemblev.看起来像【熟词生义】1.escape常用义：v.逃跑文中义：v.被忽视2.chart常用义：n.图表文中义：v.记录，跟踪1.Whatcanweknowaboutmicroplasticparticlesfromparagraph1？A.Theyaretoosmalltobeseen.B.Theyareproductsofplasticballs.C.Theyhavebeenignoredforlong.D.Theycanbemadeintoalmostnothing.解析C微小环节理解题。由第一段中的"Thesetinypreproductionplasticballs...havebeenescaping...publicnoticefordecades"可知，本题选C项。2.WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsfocusoninhisstudy？A.Classifyingplasticparticlesintosubsets.B.Findingsolutionstoplasticpollution.C.Chartingthetidesandcurrentsofoceans.D.Gettingtoknowthebasicamountsofmicroplastics.解析D微小环节理解题。由第三段的"Establishingabaselinecount...DrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere"可知，本题选D项。3.Whatdoesaseagull’speckingatthepictureprove？A.Theinterestingteachablemoments.B.Theharmfuleffectofmicroplasticparticles.C.Thespreadofpoisonouschemicals.D.Thebeautyofthephotoofmicroplasticparticles.解析B推理推断题。由倒数其次段的"howmicroplasticparticlesarebelieved...hungrilypecked（啄食）atit"可知，微塑料颗粒会吸取有毒的化学物质，且因为它们看上去像鱼卵，它们会被鱼类和鸟类吃掉，从而进入食物链。结合以上信息不难推知，海鸥的举动正好说明白微塑料颗粒的危害，故选B项。4.WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsexpectofhiswork？A.Toinspirethepublic.B.Totestsolutions.C.Topreservetheearth.D.Tosavetheworld.解析C微小环节理解题。由最终一段的"Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Protectit，yes.Wewanttotakecareofit"可知，本题选C项。二、完形填空[2024福建福州一测]Theamountandscale（规模）ofenvironmentalissuesmayseemtoomuchforordinarypeople.Butwithhardworkanddetermination，anyonecan1greatthings.OnesuchpersonisYinYuzhen.Atayoungage，YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert.Shefelt2.Tocheerherselfupandimprovethe3environment，Yinbeganplantingtreestotake4backfromthedesert."Iwouldratherdieof5fromfightingthesandthanbeburiedbyit！"shesaid.Thecouplehadtotravelonfoot，doing6byhand.Atfirst，manytreesdidnotsurvive，7overtheyears，shelearntfromher8，discoveringthebestplantsandmethodstousetosuccessfullyplanta9inthedesert.Overmorethanthreedecades，theyhaveplantedover300，000trees.IthasbeensaidofYin："Sheisasymbolofcourage，patience，and10.Herworkingreeningthedesertdeservesuniversal11."Itiswithoutanydoubt12toseeaclearexampleofhowtheproblemofdesertificationcanbedealtwith.13mayseemsmallandinsignificant，yetovertimethey14togethertobecomegreatachievements.Ajourneyof1，000milesbeginswithasinglestepandthewillto15.Takeyourfirststep.Plantyourfirsttree.殷玉珍年轻的时候前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，为了激扬精神、改善艰苦环境，她和丈夫起先种树。虽然刚起先树的成活率不高，但他们渐渐取得了胜利。30多年来，他们总共种了30多万棵树。1.A.turn B.storeC.achieve D.promise解析C结合下文讲解并描述的事迹和常识可知，此处说的是"只要努力、有决心，任何人都可以实现（achieve）宏大的事业"，故选C项。2.A.lonely B.nervousC.free D.well解析A由空前的"Atayoungage，YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert"和常识可知，一个年轻姑娘孤身前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，应当会感到孤独（lonely）。3.A.friendly B.changingC.quiet D.tough解析D由常识和殷玉珍夫妇种树的举动可知，殷玉珍想变更沙漠里艰苦的（tough）环境。4.A.air B.landC.food D.energy解析B由常识可知，在沙漠里种树是为了从沙漠那里夺回土地（land）。5.A.sickness B.emptinessC.tiredness D.sadness解析C殷玉珍宁可种树累死（dieoftiredness）也不愿被沙土掩埋。6.A.everything B.somethingC.nothing D.anything解析A殷玉珍夫妇出行靠走，一切事情（everything）都要靠手去做。7.A.or B.andC.so D.but解析D所填词表示转折关系，故用but。8.A.failure B.feelingsC.determination D.dreams解析A殷玉珍从失败（failure）中吸取了阅历。9.A.garden B.forestC.seed D.crop解析B由"theyhaveplantedover300，000trees"可知，她用最好的植物和方法胜利地在沙漠里种出了一片森林（forest）。10.A.fortune B.honestyC.harmony D.perseverance解析D结合殷玉珍所做的事可知，本题选D，perseverance表示"毅力，不屈不挠的精神"。fortune命运，机会；honesty恳切，正直；harmony融洽，和谐。11.A.organization B.truthC.respect D.method解析C由常识可知，30多年来靠双手在沙漠中种出一片森林是值得大家敬重（respect）的。12.A.interesting B.challengingC.relaxing D.inspiring解析D由上文中讲到的殷玉珍种树的故事可以看出，这样的努力是很激励人心的（inspiring）。interesting好玩的；challenging有挑战性的；relaxing令人放松的，轻松的。13.A.Actions B.ChoicesC.Promises D.Events解析A行动（Actions）可能看起来微乎其微，无关紧要，但随着时间的推移，它们结合（join）在一起，那就是宏大的成就。14.A.stand B.joinC.get D.put解析B参见上题解析。15.A.argue B.surviveC.continue D.believe解析C此处指的是"接着（continue）下去的意志"。三、语法填空[生态环保/]InGuatemala，environmentalworkershavesetupasteelnet1adirtyrivertotrytotrapplasticsandotherpollutants.Thetwoendsofthenet2（fix）onthetwosidesoftheriver.TheOceanCleanup，anon-profitgroup3（base）intheNetherlands，isleadingtheeffortontheLasVacasRiverinGuatemalaCity.Theenvironmentalgroupusesthe4（equip）speciallymadetocatchandremovepollutantsfromthewater，5aimistostoptheflowofplasticsandotherpollutionbeforetheyentertheocean.The6（rain）seasoninGuatemalabeginsinMayandlastsforseveralmonths.Levelsofpollutionintheriverarerelativel