备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit3Familymatters外研版必修第一册

Unit3Familymatters一、阅读理解A[2024湖南长沙期末]SylvesterJamesGatesJr.，formerpresidentoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety，appearsinanumberofdocumentaries，andisthereceiverofcountlessawards.Lookingbackathiscareer，GatescreditedMITashis"intellectualbirthingground".Infact，hispathtoMITstartedathome.Hestillremembersthatwhenhewasachild，hisfatheraskedhimandhisthreeyoungersiblingsaquestion：Whatcollegedoyouplantoattend？Hisfatherhadspenthisownchildhoodonasugarcanefarm，andthenworkedinthearmyfor27years，neverhavinghadtheopportunitytoattendcollegehimself."Buthehadtheironfaiththateducationwasthewaytomakeprogressforourfamily，"Gatessaid.GatesfirstlearnedofMITwhenhewas14.Hewaswatchingatelevisionshow，withacharacterwhohappenedtobeanMITstudent.ItleftsuchanimpressionthatGatesdeclaredtohisfatherthatMITwasthecollegehewantedtoattend.Butasherecalled，"Thatdreamalmostneverhappened."HespenthishighschoolyearsinFlorida.Heandhisfriendsstartedachessteam.Whentheyvisitedotherhighschoolsformatches，hesawthequalityofeverything，fromthefacilities，tothedesks，andeventhebooks—especiallythebooks—wasbetterthanthoseathisownschool.ThisexperiencemadehimhesitateinapplyingtoMIT.Buthisfather，rememberingGates’earlydeclaration，insisted.Whentheacceptancelettercame，itwashisfatherwhogavehimthenews，whilehewassittingonthefamily’srockingsofa."Hewasenergeticallygoingbackandforth，backandforth，andthenhelookedupandsawme，smilingthebiggestsmile，"Gatessaid."AndthatwasmyintroductiontoMIT—thatverypersonalwelcomingfrommyfather，wholetmeknowthatmydreamcouldcometrue."本文讲解并描述了SylvesterJamesGatesJr.在父亲的引导与坚持下胜利考入麻省理工学院的故事。【词语积累】lookbackat回顾intellectualadj.智力的，有才智的makeprogress取得进步energeticallyadv.精力足够地backandforth来回地【长难句解读】Whentheyvisitedotherhighschoolsformatches，hesawthequalityof时间状语从句everything，fromthefacilities，tothedesks，andeventhebooks—especiallythebooks—省略了that的宾语从句wasbetterthanthoseathisownschool.译文：当他们去其他中学参与竞赛时，从设施到课桌，甚至书——尤其是书——他看到的全部东西的质量都比他自己学校的好。1.WhatcanweknowaboutGates？A.HeisthepresidentofMIT.B.Hehasgotlotsofhonors.C.HispathtoMITbeganonafarm.D.Hisserviceinthearmylasted27years.解析B微小环节理解题。由第一段中的"appearsinanumberofdocumentaries，andisthereceiverofcountlessawards"可知，Gates出现在许多纪录片中并获得了多数奖项，故选B。2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather？A.Insightful. B.Picky.C.Educated. D.Hesitant.解析A推理推断题。由第三段中Gates对父亲的介绍"Buthehadtheironfaiththateducationwasthewaytomakeprogressforourfamily"可推知，父亲颇有见地，故选A。insightful有见地的，picky挑剔的，educated受过良好教化的，hesitant迟疑的。3.WhatmadeGatesapplytoMIT？A.Theironfaithinhishighschoolcareer.B.Hisfather’sinsistenceonGates’earlydream.C.Theexperienceofvisitinghighschools.D.HiscommunicationwithanMITstudent.解析B微小环节理解题。由最终一段中的"ThisexperiencemadehimhesitateinapplyingtoMIT.Buthisfather，rememberingGates’earlydeclaration，insisted"可知，Gates看到的差距让他对申请麻省理工学院迟疑不决，但他的父亲想起了他早期的宣言，坚持让他申请，正是由于父亲的坚持使得Gates申请了麻省理工学院，故选B。4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.It’snevertoolatetolearn.B.Knowledgemakesonehumble.C.Makingmistakesispartoflearning.D.Birthismuchbuteducationismore.解析D推理推断题。Gates考上麻省理工学院与父亲的坚持亲密相关，父亲深信教化是他们家进步的途径。当Gates看到的差距使他对申请麻省理工学院迟疑不决时，父亲的坚持使他申请了该学院，综合四个选项可知，D项"出身当然重要，教化更重要"符合文意。B[2024新疆乌鲁木齐一检]Mygrandfatherusedtobethesmartestpersonintheworld.Iamsurehewas.Therewasnothinghecouldnotexplainornarratetome.WhenIlostmysightatonlysixyearsold，hewastheonewhosupportedmyconnectionwiththewholeworld.Hediditwithhistales.Mygrandfatherwastheonewhodidnotallowmetogiveup.Hesupportedmymemoryandboostedmyimaginationeveryday.Henarratedfairystoriesabouteverythingaroundus.HemademedescribethethingsthatIusedtoseeindetailandthentoldsomethingaboutthemIcouldnotbelieve.Irememberhegavemehisknife.Iwascarefulwithit，asitwassharp—mygrandfathercarvedfiguresandhouseholditemswithit.Iwasholdingitandtryingtorestoreitslookinmymemory，andmygrandfatherwastellingastoryoftheknife.Hetoldmethathavingthisknife，hewasneverwoundedinabattle，andthathecouldcarveanyfigureindetailwithit.HepromisedthatonedayIwouldgetit，andthatIwouldbeabletocarveanything.Itouchedtheblade（刀刃）withmyfingers，andIimaginedhowgreatIwouldbeatcarving.Iwantedtomakethemagiccreaturesthatwerementionedbymygrandfatherandgivethemtohim.Hemademewalkalot；whenwewereexploringthehillsandfields，hetaughtmehowtodefinetheflowersandtrees.Beingblind，Icouldfindanylocalplantbysmellingandtouching.Mygrandfatherpromisedthatonedaywewouldhiketogetherandfindrealhighlandedelweiss（雪绒花）.HediedamonthbeforeIhadmyoperation.Whenthebandagewastakenoffmyeyes，Isawthefacesofmyparents，thesun，flowers，trees，andaknifeleftbymygrandfather.Later，whenmysightbecamestableanditbecamepossibletoread，myfathergavemeabookoftaleswrittenandillustratedbymygrandfather.Therewereallthecreatureshehadtalkedabout.Hepaintedthemforme，andIspentmonthslookingatthemandtriedtorecalltheirimagesinmyownmemory.本文讲解并描述了爷爷在作者失明时对作者的帮助。爷爷用故事为作者讲解并描述四周的事物，带作者去接近大自然。复明后，作者看到四周的事物，心中满是对爷爷的回忆。【词语积累】boostv.推动，促进carvev.雕刻definev.阐明；给……下定义illustratev.（用示例、图画等）说明；加插图于……1.Howdidtheauthor’sgrandfathersupporthim？A.Throughthepowerofnarration.B.Bytreatingtheauthor’sdisease.C.Throughdescriptionofscientificstories.D.Byaskingtheauthortomemorizestories.解析A微小环节理解题。由文章其次段中的"Hesupportedmymemoryandboostedmyimaginationeveryday.Henarratedfairystoriesabouteverythingaroundus"可知，作者的爷爷每天为作者讲解并描述与四周事物相关的童话故事，以提升作者的想象力，帮助作者记忆，故作者的爷爷通过讲解并描述故事来帮助作者记忆，故选A。2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheknife？A.Theauthor’sgrandfathergotitinabattle.B.Itwasasharpknifewithmanyfiguresonit.C.Itservedasareminderofthetimewiththeauthor’sgrandfather.D.Itactedasawarningagainsttakinganyrisk.解析C推理推断题。由文章第三段中的"Itouchedtheblade（刀刃）withmyfingers...thatwerementionedbymygrandfatherandgivethemtohim"可知，作者用手指触摸着刀刃，想象着自己在雕刻方面会有多么精彩，想雕刻出爷爷提到的那些奇异的生物，并把它们给爷爷。由此可推知，这把小刀能让作者想起曾经和爷爷一起度过的时间，故选C。3.Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathertaketheauthoroutdoors？A.Tofindrealhighlandedelweiss.B.Tomaketheauthorgetclosetonature.C.Tocarryoutresearch.D.Toimprovetheauthor’seyesight.解析B推理推断题。由第四段的描述可知，作者的爷爷让作者多走路，带作者去山丘和田野，教作者认花和树木，让作者通过闻和触摸找当地植物，并向作者承诺有一天会带作者徒步旅行，找到真正的高原雪绒花。再结合其次段首句可知，作者失明后爷爷不允许作者放弃。由此可推知，作者的爷爷将作者带去户外，是为了让作者接近大自然，不对自己的失明感到无望，故选B。4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.CarvingtheWorld.B.MiraclesinMyLife.C.MemoriesWhenBlind.D.RestoringthePast.解析C标题归纳题。作者失明后，爷爷不放弃作者，为作者讲解并描述四周的事物，引导作者接近生活中的事物，带领作者接触大自然；复明后，作者看到爷爷给自己留下的东西，心里满是失明时爷爷陪伴自己的回忆。由此可知，C项适合做本文标题。二、七选五Formostpeople，hearingthewords"dinner’sonthetable"bringsbackmemoriesofhome-cookedmealssharedwithfamily.1However，"dinnertime"aswecurrentlyknowitwasoncedifferentandhasexperiencedsomeevolution（演化）.2Familymemberswouldeatinshifts，settingupasmalltableinahallwayoroutside，orbythefireplace.Incolonial（殖民的）times，themiddaymeal—"dinner"—wasthelargestone，while"supper"wasasmallereveningmeal.ThatchangedduringtheIndustrialRevolution.3Laborerswhowerenotpaidfortheirlunchtimebegantoeataquick，lightermealatmidday，movingdinnertotheendofthedayasthemainfamilymeal.Forfamiliesofallsocioeconomiclevels，eveningautomaticallybecamethetimewheneveryonewouldbebackathometogether.Dinnertimestartedtobeanimportantoccasion.Atpresent，flexiblelifestyles，changingpatternsofwork-lifebalance，andevolvingfamilystructureshaveledtotheappearanceofanewkindoffamilydinner.4Afewclicksonthephonecanbringpeoplewhatevertheirheartorstomachdesires—Caribbean，Japanese，Italianandeveryothercountry’scuisine，nottomentiondeliveryoptionsthatcanmeetspecialdietaryneeds.Thismakessensegiventhevariousdiningpreferencesofthenewestagegroup.5Regardlessofwhocooksthefood，whereit’seaten，andwhoyou’reeatingwith，thenightlytraditionofsharingamealwhileconnectingwithlovedonesalwaysstandsstrong.A.Peoplebegantoworkoutsideoftheirhome.B.Familydinnersarenotalwayssoflexible.C.There’sneverbeensomuchvarietyfordinnertime.D.Despitethechanges，thecentralconceptremains.E.It’samagicalphraserepresentingawarmtimeatsunset.F.Familiesdidn’teattogetherintheeveningbeforethe1700s.G.Inthelate19thcenturydinnertimeservedasasymbolofstability.本文是说明文。"晚饭做好了"这句话会唤起许多人有关家庭的回忆，勾画出一幅傍晚时分的温馨画面。晚饭时间曾经并非今日这样，它阅历了一些演化。但无论如何变更，它的核心理念始终如一。1.E上文提到"对大部分人来说，听到‘晚饭做好了’这句话会唤起与家人一同吃家常饭菜的回忆"，下文提到"然而，我们现在所了解的‘晚饭时间’曾经并非这样，它阅历了一些演化"，故空处内容应与"晚饭做好了"这句话或晚饭时间有关，且与下文构成转折。E项"它是一个有魔力的说法，象征着傍晚时分的温馨时间"承接上文，It指代"dinner’sonthetable"这句话。2.F结合下文内容尤其是"Incolonial（殖民的）times""theIndustrialRevolution"可知，本段主要介绍了晚饭时间在不同时期的特点和变更。空格位于段首，应当也会涉刚好间；空后又提到了"一家人会轮番吃饭"，故F项"在18世纪之前，一家人不会在晚上一起吃饭"可引出下文。3.A空后提到"午餐时间没有酬劳的劳动者起先在中午快速吃一顿更简洁的饭菜，将正餐改到一天结束时作为家庭主要的一餐"，由此可知，空处内容应与劳动者不能中午吃正餐有关。A项"人们起先在外工作"符合语境。4.C空前提到如今灵敏的生活方式等使家庭晚餐有了新形式，空后提到只需在手机上点击几下，人们就可以拥有他们想吃的任何东西。故空处内容应涉及现在的晚餐形式。C项"晚餐从未如此多样化"与上下文连贯。5.D由全文内容可知，最终一段是对本文内容的总结和升华，空后提到"无论是谁做饭，在哪里吃，以及和谁一起吃，与所爱的人一边沟通，一边一起吃饭的晚间传统照旧很坚实"，D项"尽管有这些变更，但其核心理念没有变更"总结了上文，且能引出下文。三、完形填空MysonNilehasleftforuniversity.EvenMotherseldom1nowthathergrandchildisnolongeraround.Myhomehasbecomeso2inlessthanonemonth.Asaconcernedmotherwhohadlittletodo，I3NilewheneverIcould.Atfirstitwasthroughemails.OccasionallyI4thepageoftheuniversitytolearnaboutNile’scampuslife，andwasfilledwith5toseehisgreetings："Hi，Mum！Soyou’reonthenetaswell！"SincethenI’vebeenvisitingthewebsiteregularlyhopingto6mychild.Recently，ourcommunicatingwayhadanother7.Nilesentmeallkindsofarticlesthroughinstantmessaging：novel，modern，funny...Ireadthem8，likeawell-behavedpupil.Meanwhile，Ihad9feelingsaboutthat.Thekidwas10tolearnsomethingfrommenotthatlongago，buthenowbecomesmyteacher！After11，Irespondedwiththefollowingemail："Thankyou，myson，foralltheinterestingarticles，thoughIfeelconfusedaboutthechangeofour12.Despitethat，I’lltakeitasalovingson’s13ofhismother.Hemustbethinkinghismotherisstillyoungand14enoughtoacceptnewthings.Thatmakesmefeelproud."Nowinthiswayweshareideas，withtheinstantmessages15eachother.本文是记叙文。在作者的儿子Nile离家上高校后，家里突然变得冷清起来。作者最初通过邮件以及Nile学校的网站与Nile保持联系，后来他们的沟通方式变成了Nile像一位老师一样给她共享文章，让她学习。作者一起先对此有些不适应，后来意识到这或许是儿子表达关爱的方式。1.A.cares B.leavesC.works D.appears解析D上文提到了作者的儿子上高校了，下文提到了母亲的外孙不在家，再由空前的Even可知，空处所在句与上文是语意上的顺承关系，因此此处应为母亲也由于外孙不在家而很少过来。appear到来，出现。2.A.distant B.quietC.dirty D.warm解析B儿子上高校了，甚至是母亲也很少露面了，由此可知，作者的家变得很宁静。quiet宁静的。3.A.contacted B.visitedC.helped D.missed解析A由上文的"Asaconcernedmotherwhohadlittletodo"和下文的"Atfirstitwasthroughemails"可知，只要有机会，作者就联系Nile。contact联系，联络。4.A.turneddown B.spokeofC.lookedthrough D.checkedon解析C由下文的"onthenet""visitingthewebsite"可知，作者有时会阅读儿子学校的网站，以此了解儿子的校内生活。turndown拒绝，顶回；speakof表明，说明；lookthrough阅读，翻阅；checkon核实，检查。C项切题。5.A.curiosity B.surpriseC.admiration D.satisfaction解析B结合语境和常识可知，作者阅读儿子学校的网站时因看到儿子的问候感到很惊异。surprise惊异，惊异。6.A.encourage B.impressC.encounter D.monitor解析C上文提到了作者很思念孩子，在阅读网站时看到儿子在网上的问候留言，由此可知，作者从今常常访问学校的网站，希望能遇到儿子。encourage激励；impress使敬佩，使仰慕，给……留下深刻的好印象；encounter偶然遇到，意外遇见；monitor监视，检查，跟踪调查。C项切题。7.A.breakthrough B.shiftC.meaning D.result解析B由上文的"Atfirstitwasthroughemails...pageoftheuniversity"和下文的"Nilesentmeallkindsofarticlesthroughinstantmessaging"可知，作者和Nile的联络方式又发生了变更。shift