初三年英语语法总复习系列

初三年英语总复习系列（一）名词

名词表示人或事物的名称，名词包括名词的数和名词的所有格。

1.名词的数：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

（1）可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。

名词复数的变化规则：

1）一般情况下在词尾加s,如desks,pencils

2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加es,classes,boxes,matches,brushes

3）以辅音字母加y的名词，要把y改为i加es,如countries,stories

4）以f,fe结尾的名词，要变f/fe为v,再加es,如shelf-shelves,wife—wives

5）以O结尾的名词一般加s：zoos,radios,photos,除了tomato,potato,hero力1es,

6）有些名词单复数形式相同：sheep,Chinese,Japanese,deer,people

7）有些是不规则变化：man一men,woman一women,child—children,tooth—teeth,

Foot-feet,mouse-mice

（2）不可数名词主要有：water,tea,milk,bread,rice,orange,paper,work,homework,housework,

news,beer,weather,soup,salt,information,advice,progress,chicken（鸡肉）,fish（鱼肉）,pork,beef,

mutton,food,porridge,tofu,pepper,butter,knowledge

（3）表示时间，距离、价格、度量等名词短语主语时，谓语动词仍然用单数。

Fiveminutesisenoughtodothis.

Tenkilometersisalongwaytoher.

（4）and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。

Englishandmathsarebothveryimportant.

但是and连接的名词或词组表示同一个人，同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词就要用单数。

Thesingeranddancerisgoingtotakepartitourparty.

那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的晚会。

2.名词的格：名词在句子中表示所属关系是用名词的所有格。通常有以下几种表达形式。

1）'s所有格：Tom'smother,theboy'sshoes,Children'sDay,JimandJack'sroom,Mary'sand

Lily'smothers

以s结尾的复数名词的所有格则加如theteachers5office

2）of所有格：anoldphotoofmyfamily,theownerofthedog

3）表示时间、距离、城市、团体等所有格用力或，来表示：today'shomework,China'spopulation,

twohours'walk

4）双重所有格：aclassmateofJim's,afriendofmyfather^,somefriendsofmybrother's,afriend

ofmine

3.注：1）当一个名词说明后一个名词的性质、用途时，如appletree,carfactory但其复数形

式：twoappletrees,threecarfactories

2）当man/woman说明有一个名词的性别时，单饰单，复饰复，而boy/girl修饰名词

则用单数：

Amanteacher-fivementeachersawomanteacher---twowomenteachers

boyfriend-boyfriends

表示两个名词共有一样东西时，或表示一个整体词组的所有关系时，只在第二个名词后面加'

如：LiLeiandWangFei*sbedroom,anhourandahalfstalk

5、表示两个名词各有的东西时，或表示词组内并列名词各自的所有关系时，就在各个名词后

都加's。如：Jim'sandPeter'sdesks;Joe'sandDavid*sbooks

练习：()1.Therearemanyintheschool.

A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacher

()2.1mettwointhestreetyesterdaymorning.

A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese

()3.--Howmanyhaveyougotonyourfarm?一Fvegotfive.

A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken

()4.Thefootballunderthebedis.

A.Lily'sandLucy'sB.Lily'sandLucyC.LilyandLucy's

()5.It'sabout___walkfrommyhouse.

A.tenminuteB.tenminutes*C.tenminute*s

()6.MissSmithisafriendof____.

A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMary

()7.----WhichanimallivesonlyinChina?・一The.

A.tigerB.monkeyC.panda

()8.Therenowaterintheglass.

A.isB.areC.has

()9.Thereapenandtwobooksonthedesk.

A.isB.areC.has

()10.---Couldyoumoveoveralittleandmakesomeforme?

A.placeB.seatC.room

()11.Aisusedforkeepingwarm.

A.stampB.jacketC.clock

()12.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.Itisonlybicycleride.

A.halfanhour'sB.halfanhourC.halfanhours'

()13.1amthirsty.Pleasegiveme.

A.twobottleoforangeB.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottleoforanges

()14.It'sfrommyhometoschool.

A.twentyminutes,walkB.twentyminuteswalkC.twentyminutewalk

()15.Therearefewinthefridge.Let'sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandtomatoes.

A.vegetablesB.fruitsC.meat

()16.Youshouldcleanyoureveryday.

A.toothB.teethC.tooths

()17.Marypaid$2for.

A.twopieceofbreadsB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbread

()18.Theyarethosebags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.

A.visitorB.visitor'sC.visitors5

()19.MissWangisafriendof.

A.Tom'ssister'sB.Tom'ssisterC.Tomsister's

()20.…WheredoyouusuallyseethesignBUISNESSHOURS?

一Onthedoorofa.

A.shopB.schoolC.hospital

初三年英语总复习系列冠词

(2)冠词

(1)不定冠词a/an

1、表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)

Ahorseisananimal.

2、a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。

auniversity,anhour,anhonestboy

3、首次提到某物用不定代词。Thereisapenonthedesk.Thepenisyellow.

4、用在序数词前，不表顺序，而用来表示“又一，再一Iwanttotryathirdtime.

(2)定冠词the

1.特指某个或某些人或事物，或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物，或重复上文提过的人或事物。

Howdoyoulikethefilm?

Ihavegotapicture.Thepictureisverynice.

2.用于指世界上独一无二的事物。

Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.

3.用于序数词，形容词的最高级前或“same/only/very+名词”前。

Heistheonlypersonwhoknowsthesecret.

4.用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。

Therich.Thepoor.Theyoung,etc.

Weshouldtakecareoftheold.

5.用于江湖、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前面。

theYellowRiver,theHimalayas

6.用于姓氏的复数之前，表示某某夫妇或某某全家人。做主语，谓复。

TheSmithsarewatchingTV.

7.用于演奏的乐器之前

playtheviolin,playtheguitar,playthedrum,playthetrumpet

Johnplayedthepianoverywell.

8.用于某些由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。

thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theWhitehouse

9.用在序数词前。ThefirstdayofaweekisSunday.

10.用在形容词或副词的最高级前：Johnisthetallestinhisclass.

11.用在“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型中表示“越…越…”

12.inIhemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening

Themore,thebetter.

(3)不用冠词的情况

1.专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名

词)前一般不用冠词。

March8isWomen'sDay.

IwasborninSeptember.

HegoestoamovieonSunday.

2.球类，棋类，语言，三餐前不加冠词。

IcouldplayfootballwhenIwaseightyearsold.

Jennylikesplayingchessinherfreetime.

TheyspeakEnglishintheircountry.

Havebreakfast/lunch/supper

3.名词前已有my,your,等代词作定语时，不用冠词。

Onmyfourteenthbirthday,Ireceivedalotofpresents.

4.交通工具与by连用时，不用冠词。

Iusuallygotoschoolbybike.

5.词组：gotoschool,atnoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,stayinbed

练习：

()1.Everybodyknowsthatearthmovesaroundsun.

A./,theB.the,theC.a,aD.the,/

)2.Shewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.

A.the,the,B.a,the,C./,/

()3.July25thwashottestdayinShanghaiin1992.

A.the,a,theB.a,the,theC./,the,/D.the,the,/

()4.richshouldhelppoor.

A.The,theB./,/C.A,aD.The,an

()6.Greensareourgoodneighbors.

A./B.TheC.AD.An

()7.horseisusefulanimal.

A.A,anB.A,aC.The,anD.The,a

()8.OurNationalDayisfirstdayofOctober.

A.aB.anC./D.the

()9.——Wheredoyouusuallyhavelunch?——Athome.

A.aB.anC.theD./

)10.----Haveyouseenbook?Ileftitherethismorning.

——IsitChinesebook?Isawit.

A.a,theB.the,theC.the,aD.a,a

()11.There*s"u"and“s”inword"use".

A.an,a,theB.a,an,xC.a,a,aD.a,an,the

()12.Lookatwomanoverthere.SheisAmericanscientist.

A.the;anB.a;aC.a;/D.a;a

()13.Theboysandgirlsoftenplayfootballinafternoon.

A./,anB./,theC.the,the

()14.morecarefulyouare,___lessmistakesyouwillmake.

A.the,theB.A,aC.The,a

()15.Itlookslikerain.Whynottakeumbrellawithyou?

A.anB.a

)16.GreatWallislongestintheworld.

A.The,theB.The,aC.The,/

)17.There*sappleinthetable.appleisformylittlebrother.

A.a,AnB.an;AnC.an;The

)18.SmithsarewatchingTVathome.

A.TheB.AC./

()19.Thereis"m"intheword“name”.

A.theB.aC.an

()20.OK,children.Stopplayingpianoandlefsgotohave___lunch.

A.the;theB.the;/C./;the

()21.Usuallyhegoestoschoolby___bike,buthewenttoschoolinacartoday.

A.theB.aC.anD./

()22.4isunluckynumberforsomebodyinChina.

A.anB.aC./

()23.TomorrowisChildren'sDay.

A.aB.theC.anD./

)24.ThisSundayismysixteenthbirthday.

A.theB.aC./

)25.Taiwanisisland,anditislargestislandinChina.

A.an,theB.an,anC.a,the

)26.bookinthedeskisusefulone.

A.The,aB.The,anC.A,an,D.A,a

)27.Wewillbuild800-metre-longbridgeinourhometown.

A.aB.anC./

（三）形容词

1、形容词的作用

1）作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，修饰名词放在名词前面，修饰不定代词放在不定代词

后面。

Eg:Thereisalargelibraryinthecenterofthecity.

Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.

2）做表语,放在系动词之后oGet,be,turn,become,feel,taste,smell,sound,look

Eg:Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.

Thesongshesingssoundverygood.

3）做宾语补足语，放在宾语后面，与之构成符合宾语。

Eg:Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.

2、形容词在句子中的位置

修饰名词或不定代词，修饰名词放在名词前面，修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。而如果

是enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词的后面。

Eg:Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

Theproblemiseasyenoughforhertoworkout.

3.形容词的比较等级：

（1）大多数形容词有原级，比较级，最高级。

1）比较级，最高级的构成是在形容词后加-er,-est：

Clean-cleaner_cleanest,tall—taller-tallest,cold-colder_coldest

2）如果以-e结尾，只加

Fine-finer-finest,nice-nicer-nicest,large-larger-largest

3）重读闭音节，要双写辅音字母，再加-er,-est

Big一bigger-biggest,thin-thinner-thinnest,hot-hotter-hottest

4）以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i,再加-er,-est

Busy-busier-busiest,heavy-heavier-heaviest,

5）双音节词和多音节词，其比较级和最高级要加more,most

Difficult-moredifficult-mostdifficult

Interesting—moreinteresting—mostinteresting

6）不规则变化：

Good-better-bestbad-worse—worstmany—more—most

Much-more-mostwell-better-bestlittle-less-least

Far-farther-farthest

（2）

1、形容词比较级常用than来表示两者之间的比较：

Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.

JimisthinnerthanLiLei.

Whichdoyoulikebetter,orangeorapple?

2、修饰比较级的词有：much,alittle,abit,alot,even,far,

Eg:YaoMingismuchtallerthanLiuYudong.

Ourlibraryisevenlargerthantheirs.

3、形容词的同级比较

用“as+原级+as”构成，其否定形式为“notas/so+原级+as”

Eg:Thisbookisasinterestingasthatone.

Thisfilmisnotasinterestingasthatone.

4、比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越…”

Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.

Ourlivesaregettingbetterandbetter.

5、the+比较级，the+比较级“越…越…”

Thebusierweare,thehappierwefeel.

6、比较级+thananyother+单数名词，比任何一个都....

Eg:ChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.

Johnistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.

7、the+比较级+ofthetwo....“两个中比较...的”

Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.

8、oneof+最高级+名词的复数“最....之一

Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.

练习：

()1.Whichis,thesun,theearthorthemoon?

A.biggerB.biggestC.thebiggestD.big

()2.Wehadbetterdotheworkbetterwithmoneyandpeople.

A.little,fewerB.little,fewC.less,fewerD.less,few

()3.Ofthetwochildren,theboylooksthanthatgirl.

A.thetallerB.thetallestC.alittletallD.taller

()4.youtakehealthyyou'llbe.

A.Moreexercise,moreB.Mostexercise,most

C.Themoeexercise,themoreD.Themostexercise,themost

()5.1don'tknowwhereMr.Whitehasgone.You'dbetterask.

A.elsesomebodyBsomebodyelseC.anybodyelse

()6.Thereiswithmycomputer.Itdoesn'twork.

A.nothingwrongB.somethingwrongC.wrongsomething

()7.Ifheis,hewillbeatworktomorrow.

A.goodenoughB.wellenoughC.enoughwellD.enoughgood

()8.Sheisoneofgirlsintheclass.

A.themostbeautifulB.beautifulC.morebeautiful

()9.Theworldisbecomingasthepopulationisgrowing.

A.crowdedandcrowdedB.crowdederandcrowdeder

C.moreandmorecrowded

()10.Thestoryisveryandthestudentsareallinit.

A.interesting,interestedB.interested,interesting

C.interested,interestedD.interesting,interesting

()11.KateisnotasasJim.

A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest

()12.Whichbookis,thisoneorthatone?

A.moreinterestingB.themostinterestingC.interesting

()13.Thelittleboyisgetting.

A.tallandtallB.tallerandtallerC.longerandlonger

()14.Englishisoneoftheatschool.

A.mostdifficultsubjectsB.mostdifficultsubject

C.moredifficultsubjectsD.moredifficultsumject

()15.Thefatherlookedattheboy,buthedidnothithim.

A.angryB.happyC.angrilyD.happily

()16.Thepresentyougavemelookedvery.

A.niceB.nicelyC.terribly

()17.E-mailismuchthanlong-distancecalling.

A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheapest

()18.Whoisofyouthree?

A.theoldestB.oldestC.older

()19.Sheisofthetwogirls.

A.thetallerB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest

()20.Themixturetasted.

A.terriblyB.terribleC.wellD.badly

()21.JoanisjustasLucy.

A.socarefulB.ascarefulC.morecareful

()22.Theirfootballplayersarestronger.

A.muchB.veryC.tooD.many

()23.Thenewsmadetheolewoman.

A.happilyB.happyC.sadly

()24.Weshouldkeepourcity.

A.cleanB.cleanlyC.nicely

()25.Tomistallerthaninhisclass.

A.anyotherboysB.anyotherboyC.anyboys

初三年英语总复习系列副词动词

(四)副词1>副词的种类1)时间副词：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,already,

yet,since,atonce,atfirst,now,rightnow,yesterday,ago,beforejustnow,etc,

2)地点副词：here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,above,below,near,everywhere,anywhere,up,

down,off,away,inside,outside,etc,

3)疑问副词:how,when,where,why4)方式副词：carefully,angrily,happily,slowly,late,hard2>

副词的作用1)修饰动词,一般放在动词后面Thelittlegirlwalkedintotheroomquietly.

Weshoulddoourhomeworkcarefully.

2)修饰形容词Theflowerisquitebeautiful.Heisstrongenoughtocarrytothebox.3)修

饰全句Luckily,themandidnothurtbadly.Suddenly,itrainedheavily.

3、副词的比较级，类似于形容词的比较级，这里不再详细介绍。Eg:slowly—more

slowly-mostslowlyEasily—moreeasily—mosteasilyEarly-earlier-earliest

Fast-faster-fastest

4、副词的比较等级1)同级比较：as+adv+as….Notas/so+adv+as...1runasfastasLiuXiang.

2)副词的比较级常用than来表示，表示两者之间的比较HespeaksEnglishbetterthan

you.TomranmoreslowlythanJim.3)副词使用最高级时，常有一个表示范围的短语，及

the可省略。LucyspeaksEnglishbestinherclass.Hecametoschoolearliestofallthe

students.

练习：1.Jack'sbrotherdoesn'tworksoasJack.A.harderB.

hardC.hardestD.hardly

2.Itisrainingnow.A.hardB.hardlyC.heavy

3.3.JimspeaksChinesevery.A.goodB.betterC.well

4.4.Hedrivesmuchthanhedidthreeyearsago.A.carefulB.carefullyC.

morecarefulD.morecarefully

5.5.IthinkmathismoredifficultthanEnglish.A.muchB.very

C.too

6.6.Whentheymetinthehotel,theytalkedandlaughed.A.happilyB.happy

C.happier

7.Mysonlookstoday.Heisplayingwithotherchildren.A.happy;happy

B.happy;happilyC.happily;happilyD.happily;happy

8.Look!Thereareiceonthelake.A.toomuchB.toomanyC.muchtoo

9.Shewalkedintotheroombecausehermotherwassleeping.A.clearB.

quietC.quickD.Quietly

10.Itisrainingoutside.A.hardB.hardlyC.heavyD.Big

11.,awomancameintotheclassroom.A.SuddenB.LuckyC.

SuddenlyD.Slow

12.Filworkhim.A.sohardlyasB.ashardasC.ashardlyasD.sohard

as()13Jim'scomputeristhan.Don'tyouthinkso?A.alotnewer,Lin

TaoB.verynew,LinTao'sC.alittlenewer,LinTaoD.much

newer,LinTao's()14.Thepolicemanstoppedhimbecausehedrove.A.carefully

B.verybadC.toofast()15.Ofallthestudentsintheclass,Lucywrites.A.very

carefullyB.morecarefullyC.mostcarefully()16.Thepeopleinthatvillagespoketo

usvery.A.kindlyB.friendlyC.kind()17.theweatherwas

notsohotasitistodayandweplayedhappilythere.A.LuckyB.LuckilyC.

Unluckily()18.Thisquestionismoredifficultthanthatone.A.quite

B.veryC.alittle()19.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountbecauseitisraining

.A.hardlyB.stronglyC.heavilyD.big()20.Thelittle

girllikesanimals.WhensheheardIwouldtakehertothezoo,shelookedatme.A.happy

B.happilyC.angryD.angrily()21.Maryis.Shewritesmostin

ourclass.A.careful,carefulB.carefully,carefulC.

carefully,carefullyD.careful,carefully(五)动词

动词主要分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词、和助动词。(一)实义动词本身就有一定的意义，

常用于表示动作或状态，在句子中能独立做谓语，他可以用于各种时态，也可以与助动词情

态动词连用。分为及物动词和不及物动词。Eg:Helovesourmotherlandverymuch.I

amwaitingforabus.(二)系动词本身具有一定的意义，表示某物或某人的状态或特征。系动

词不能独立做谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词有：be,感官动词(look,smell,

taste,sound,fell),become,turn,get,seem等。Hefeltverytired.Leavesturnyellowwhen

autumncomes.Themusicsoundswonderful.(三汁青态动词1^can及could的用法1)

表示能力，意思“会，能"，与beableto可以互相转换。ShecansingseveralEnglishsongs.

Hecarftswim.2)表示客观可能性或推测，用于否定句和疑问句。Itcan'tbeJim.Isaw

himattheairportjustnow.3)表示非正式的请求或许可，此时可以与may换用。Can/

MayIborrowyourbike?CouldIsmokehere?2>may及might的用法1)表示许可，

用于陈述句：Youmaygoouttoplaynow.2)表示正式的请求或许可，用于一般疑问句，

回答may提出的问题，肯定形式为Yes,please./Yes,pleasedo./Yes,certainly./Yes,youmay.否

定形式为：No,youmustn't./No,youcan't./Pleasedon't.Eg:----MayIsmokehere?

--Yes,youmay./No,youmustn't.3)表示可能性，用于陈述句，没有must的语气强烈。Hemay

knowtheanswer.4)表示祝愿，希望。Mayallyourdreamscometrue.3、mustl)表示“一定”,客

观可能性或猜测ThebookmustbelongtoAlice.Hernameisonthecover.2)表示“应当，必

须"，其否定形式mustn't"禁止，不允许，千万别"Youmuststudyhardfromnowon.You

mustn^playfootballinthestreet.由must构成的一般疑问句，肯定回答：Yes,主语+musl.否

定回答：No,主语+needn't/don'thaveto.----MustIhandinmyhomeworktomorrow?

-----Yes,youmust./No,youneednVdon'thaveto.4>should表示“应当、应该"shouldn't

"不应该"Weshouldtellthetruth.Youshouldn'tmakethesamemistake.5^hadbetter

(not)+动词原形”最好，最好不…Youhadbettergetupearlysothatyoucancatchthe

earlytrain.Youhadbetternotplaywithhim.6、need,是个双栖明星，它既可以做情态动词，

也可以用作行为动词。用作情态动词时，用于疑问句，否定句等。作为实义动词是用于肯定

句，后接动词不定式。Youneedrftgotoschooltoday.(情态)Theplayerneededtohavea

rest.(实义)Myshoesneedrepairing.(被动含义)练习：()1.MustIstayhereuntilseven

o'clock?No,you.A.can'tB.needn'tC.mustn't()2.Thisbook

mustLucy's,look,hernameisonthebookcover.A.mustbeB.maybeC.

can'tbe()3.sheridewhenshewastenyearsold?A.CanB.CouldC.

May()4.CanIseethebirdsinthetree?No,youA.can'tB.don't

C.mustn9t()5.——Istheboybythewindowyourbrother?---Ithim.A.maybe

B.maybeC.may()6.Youworryaboutme.Itisnothingserious.A.can't

B.needn'tC.won't()7.—MayIgoouttoplaybasketball,Dad?——No,you

.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn't

()8.Coffeeisready.Howniceit!WouldyouHkesome?A.looksB.

smellsC.sounded()9.You'dbetterontheroad.Ifsdangerous.A.play

B.notplayC.don'tplay()10.Theoldmanlookedbecausehegotlost.A.

worryingB.worriedC.worriedly

初三年英语总复习系列代词动词(二)时态被动语态2007・06・2917:29(六)代词

代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。代词我们这一节主要讲人称代词，物主代词，反身

代词，不定代词。

(-)人称代词

1、人称代词分为主格和宾格，及第一、二三人称。主格在句子中作主语和标语。

Eg:SheandIaregoodfriends.Areyousureitwasthey?

2、宾格在句子中做动词和介词的宾语。

Ihaven'tseenthemlately.Iwaswaitingforhimatthebusstopatthattime.

(-)物主代词：分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词

My——mine,your---yours,his---his,her---hers,it---its,ourours,your---yours,their---theirs

1)形容词性物主代词做定语时放在名词之前

Thisismycomputer.

2)名词名物主代词作主语、宾语或标语，后面不能加名词

Theirsismuchmorebeautiful.Theeraserismine.

----Isthisyourpen?----No,itisnotmine.Ithinkitishers.

(三)反身代词

单数：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself

复数：ourselves,yourselves,themselves

Eg:Hecandothejobhimself.

常用与反身代词搭配的词组：lookafteroneself,enjoyoneself,helponeselfto....,hurtoneself,

learn....byoneself,dressoneself

Youshouldlookafteryourself.

WeenjoyedourselvesatJim'sbirthdaypartylastnight.

（四）不定代词

主要有：all,each,both,either,neither,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,

somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,noone,everyone,something,anything,

nothing,everything,none,等

1）both,either,neither

Both表示两者都，eilher表示两者中的任何一个，neither表示两者都不。

如：Bothofusareright.

EitherstudentisOK.

Neitheranswerisright.

注：both+名词复数=二either+名词单数：bothsides==eitherside

Eg:Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

=Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.

Both....and....+谓语动词复数形式，either...or...+谓语（与邻近主语保持一致），

neither...nor...+谓语（与邻近主语保持一致）

Eg:BothTomandJennyarefromAmerica.

EitherTomorIamright.EitherIorTomisright.

NeitherTomnorIamright.NeitherInorTomisright.

2）all/none

All全部，全体（三个或三个以上），做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

None没有一个人或物（三者或三者以上），做主语时，可单可复

Eg:Allofusaregoingtovisittheparktomorrow.

Noneofthemhave/hasbeentoBeijingbefore.

3）other,another,theother,others,theothers,

Other是个形容词，”其他的，另外的“，后面要加名词或代词

Another单数名词，为“另外一个”，泛指，无限定范围

Theother“另外一个”，指两者中的另外一个

Others“其他人”，复数，泛指，无限制范围，后面不能再加名词

Theothers“其他人”，复数，特指，指在一定范围内，去除一部分后剩下的另一部分。

Eg:Ihavetwofowlers.Oneisred,theotheroneiswhite.

Ihaveotherstampsbesidethese.

Tomistallerthantheothersinhisclass.（余下全部）

Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?

Therearemanypeopleinthepark,somearetalking,someareflyingkitesandothersare

reading.

4）打电话时用

ThisisBrucespeaking,whoisthat?

many,much,few,afew,little,alittle

5)many,few,afew修饰可数名词

much,little,alittle修饰不可数名词

afew与alittle表示肯定

few与little表示否定

例：CouldIhaveafewwordswithyou?

Ihavefewfriendsexceptyou.

Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.

练习：

()1.——CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?

——isOK.Iamfreetodayandtomorrow.

A.EitherB.NeitherC.Both

()2.schoolismuchlargerthan.

A.Our,yourB.Ours,Yours,C.Our,yours,

()3.Wecouldnotbuyanythingbecauseoftheshopsopenedatthattime.

A.allB.noneC.both

()4.Thereiswithmycomputer,itdoesnotwork.

A.somethingwrongB.wrongsomethingC.anythingwrong

()5.--Whotaughtyoutosurf?------Nobody.Ilearntallby.

A.myB.IC.myself

()6.-Whichdoyoupreferdumplingsornoodles?

一-.Ilikerice.

A.NeitherB.EitherC.Both

()7.Thissockishere.Whereis?

A.otherB.anotherC.theother

()8.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisadoctor,isafarmer.

A.otherB.anotherC.theother

()9.Wouldyouliketoeat?

A.somethingB.anythingC.nothing

()10.Mr.GreentaughtEnglishlastyear.

A.ourB.weC.us

()11.Tomisafriendof.

A.mineB.IC.myself

()12.Therearemanylightsonsideofthestreet.

A.bothB.eitherC.all

()13.BothMaryandtheGreendoinghomeworkathome.

A.areB.isC.was

()14.Theproblemisverydifficult,understandit.

A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle

()15.KarlcanspeakChinese.

A.alittleB.manyC.afew

动词（二）时态

一般现在时

表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征、客观真理。常用时间状语有often,

usually,sometimes,always,attimes,everyday/month/year/week,onSundays等。

构成：一般是动词原形，如果主语是第三人称单数的话，谓语动词用单数。

Eg:Maryoftengoestoschoolbybike.

Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.

MyparentstakemetotheparkeverySaturday.

条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来时。

Eg:WewillgotoXiamenthisSundayifitisfine.

IwillwritetoyouwhenIgettoPeking.

Wewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.

3.表示自然规律、不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍真理用一般现在时：

Eg:Themoongoesthearoundtheearth.

（二）现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示某一瞬间，现在正在发生，正在进行的动作。其时间状语为now,或上

下文体现出来。由“助动词am/is/are+现在分词”构成。

Eg:Theyaredrawingpicturesontheblackboard.

Heisdoinghishomeworkathomenow.

Nancyisreadinganewspaperunderthetree.

2.前面若有listen,look,itis8:00now,bequiet,don't