新教材2024版高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage学生用书新人教版选择性必修第四册

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage每/日/金/句：Scienceisendless,itisanessentialmystery.科学是永无止境的，它恒久都是个谜。语言基础集释1(教材原句)ona...basis依据；以……的方式(基准)(1)onaregularbasis例行地；有规律地；定期地onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周onthebasisof以……为基础(2)base...on/upon把……置于……基础之上bebasedon/upon以……为基础/依据[佳句]Iamsavingmoneyonaregularbasiswiththeaimofbuyingahouseofmyown.我正在定期存钱，目的是买一套属于我自己的房子。[练通]——单句语法填空①Therestaurant________(base)ontrust,anditisworkingallright.②________(base)ontheratings,Iboughtmybelovedbackpack，sawinterestingfilmsandtasteddeliciousfoods.③Onthe________(base)ofthesefacts,wecandrawtheconclusionthatheisguilty.[写美]——应用文佳句④他每天骑自行车上班，这有利于强身健体。He________________________，whichisbeneficialtobuilduphisstrength.2(教材原句)Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityandsciencefictioninthefuture.在将来，假如我们发觉很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也不足为奇。◎distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别(1)distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB把A和B区分开distinguishoneself(as)(作为……)使自己扬名(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；受人敬重的[佳句]Youshouldlearntodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.=Youshouldlearntodistinguishrightfromwrong.你应学会明辨是非。[练通]——单句语法填空①Thetwinsaresomuchalikethatitisimpossibletodistinguishone________theother.②Confuciuswasa________(distinguish)educatorandphilosopherinChinesehistory.[写美]——词汇升级③Famousforitsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.(举荐信)→________________itsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.语法专项突破复习被动语态[自主感知]①ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.②Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.③Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohumananditwasdisturbing.④Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot...⑤Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...⑥Howawfultobediscoveredbyher，Clairethought.⑦Bythattime，Tonyexpectedthatthehouse，whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed，wouldbeready.[我的发觉]1．以上句子中都运用了被动语态，句①为________的被动语态；句③、④、⑦为________的被动语态；句⑤为________的被动语态。2．句②和句⑥为________的被动语态，句②中的tobeharmed作allow的________，而句⑥中的tobediscovered作________。[语法规则]考点一各种时态的被动语态形式项目一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedone/shall/willhavebeen〖〗done①Thechildrenareaskedtocleantheirroomeveryday.孩子们被要求每天打扫一次房间。(一般现在时的被动语态)②Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。(将来完成时的被动语态)③Manyanimalsarebeingkilledandtheirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.很多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。(现在进行时的被动语态)④Ireceivedthesadnewsthathehadbeenkilledinaterribleaccident.我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场可怕的事故中丧生。(过去完成时的被动语态)[巧学活用1]——单句语法填空①May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,which____________(name)officiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2024.②Weareconfidentthattheenvironment____________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.③Itisthefirsttimethattheactress'sperformance____________(recognize)bythedirector.④Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____________(repair)atthegarage.⑤Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane____________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.考点二运用被动语态应留意的几个问题1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.听到不会获得博士学位，他懊丧到了极点。2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我们望见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的话令我作呕。[名师指津]在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。3．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(干脆)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I'mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在给我讲一个好玩的故事。4．动词短语在主动结构中是不行分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不行去掉后面的介词或副词。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人常常被人讪笑。[巧学活用2]——将下列各句改为被动语态/单句语法填空①Wesawastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.→________________________________________________________________________②Myunclegavemeapresenttheotherday.→________________________________________________________________________③Thebadweathermademedecidetostayhereforanotherday.→________________________________________________________________________④MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.→________________________________________________________________________⑤Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.⑥Everyminutemust________(make)useoftoimproveourspokenEnglish.考点三动词不定式的被动语态和用法当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。(1)一般式：tobedone表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。(2)完成式：tohavebeendone表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtohosttheopeningceremony.很荣幸被邀主持开幕式。HeissaidtohavebeenadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversity.据说他已经被清华高校录用了。[巧学活用3]——用不定式的被动语态补全句子①法官好像已经知道了真相。Thetruthseems________________bythejudge.②我很荣幸能有机会做一个主题为“生命之粮”的演讲。Ifeelsohonored________________deliveraspeechthemed“foodforlife”．③明年建成的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。Theairport________________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.考点四主动形式表示被动意义1．主动语态表被动意义(1)系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。(2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。ThesciencefictionwrittenbyLiuCixinsellsverywell.刘慈欣写的科幻小说很畅销。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。(3)need，want，require，deserve等+doing用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisladderwants/requires/needsrepairing/toberepaired.这个梯子须要修理。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主动形式表示被动意义。Thenovelisworthreadingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.这部小说值得再读一次。[巧学活用4]——用所给动词的适当形式填空①Hisbooks________(sell)well，sotheyaresoldoutsoon.②Thischeese________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.③Tomakewayforthewidestreet，thesehousesneed________(pull)down.2．动词不定式的被动语态(1)动词不定式的被动语态由“to+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)。Iamveryhappytobepraised.受到褒奖我特别兴奋。Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。IamproudtohavebeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.我很高傲已被北京高校录用。(2)动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的状况。①sb.havesth.todo/Therebesth.todo句型中。Beforetheendofthemeeting,Ihavesomethingimportanttodeclare.会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。Thereissomuchhomeworktodoeveryday，whichalmostdrivesmemad.每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。②动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb./sth.be+adj.+todo)。Ourheadmasterlookshardtogetcloseto,butinfactheiseasytogetalongwith.我们校长看起来很难接近，但事实上他很简洁相处。③动词不定式与疑问词连用时。Withsomanybooksathand，Tomhadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。[巧学活用5]——用所给词的适当形式填空①Wehavefourreadingpassages________(complete)inthecomingholiday.②Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard________(operate)．③Sh