四川省成都市2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中试题含解析

Page27试卷说明：英语考试时间共120分钟，满分150分。英语试题卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。考试做答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。第I卷（95分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$100.B.$110.C.$115.2.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.At5:30.B.At6:00.C.At6:30.3.Wherewillthespeakershavetheirpicnic?A.Onarock.B.Onthegrass.C.Inaboat.4.Whydoesthegirltalkwiththeman?A.Tosendaninvitation.B.Toseekforhelp.C.Toaskforpermission.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’sfamily.B.Atrip.C.Apicture.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Showthenewstudentsaround.B.Workpart-timeafterclass.C.AttendaStudents’Unionmeeting.7.Whowillprobablygetintouchwiththemanlater?A.Betty.B.Ken.C.Ruth.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hegothurt.B.Helosthiscar.C.Hehadanaccident.9.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Goforabusinesstrip.B.Tellhisfatherthetruth.C.Visitsomefriends.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Husbandandwife.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.11.Whydoesthewomanwanttochangeherpresentjob?A.It’sdifficult.B.Itoffersalowpay.C.Itrequireslongworkingtime.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohome.B.Leaveforwork.C.Buysomebread.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Husbandandwife.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.11.Whydoesthewomanwanttochangeherpresentjob?A.It’sdifficult.B.Itoffersalowpay.C.Itrequireslongworkingtime.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohome.B.Leaveforwork.C.Buysomebread.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydidsomekidsfeelunhappyatfirst?A.Theydidn’tgetusedtothenewenvironment.B.Theyweren’twillingtotakethetrip.C.Theythoughtthetripwouldbeboring.14.Howdidthechildrenfeelabouttheguide?A.Bored.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.15.Whatwasthechildren’sfavouriteactivity?A.Sailing.B.Horse-riding.C.Barbecuing.16.Whatissaidaboutthechildren?A.Theyhadknowneachotherbefore.B.Theywantedtogettogetheragain.C.Theywereallhomesickatfirst.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoweknowaboutthebaby?A.Itwaskidnapped.B.Itescaped.C.Ithadararedisease.18.Whatdowelearnabout“freemilk”programme?A.Ithasbeencanceled.BItisgoingquitewellatthemoment.C.Itofferedallstudentsmilkfromprimaryschooltohighschool.19.Whatwillasalebeheldfor?A.Sellingsomemilk.B.Learningsomeskills.C.Raisingmoneyforalibrary.20.Whatwilltomorrow’sweatherbelike?A.Itwillbesunny.B.Itwillbewetandhot.C.Thepollutionwillbelight.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACESisproducedbytheConsumerTechnologyAssociationknownastheplacewheremanycompanieslaunchtheirlatesttechnologyofferings.HereisalookatsomeofthetopproductspresentedatCES2022.All-in-onecommunicationTechnologycompanyAnkerannouncedthelaunchofan“all-in-one”devicedesignedtoimprovecommunicationsforemployeesworkingfromhome.TheAnkerWorkB600sitsontopofthecomputerdisplaylikeatraditionalwebcam.Butitcombinesseveralelementsofcommunicationintoonedevicethatincludesacamera,speaker,microphoneandalight.AirSelfiecameraElectronicsmakerAirSelfielauncheditslatestself-flyingcameradesignedtotake“selfie”pictures.Thenewdevice,calledAirPix,isasmall,lightcamerathatfliesthroughtheairandcaptureshigh-qualityphotographsandvideo.AirPixcanfly,frameandtakepicturesallbyitselfbeforelandingbackontheuser’shand.Labrador’sassistiverobotRobotmakerLabradorannounceditsRetrieverrobotdesignedtoholdthingsand,asitsnamesuggests,alsoretrieve(找回)things.Therobotcanbecontrolledbyvoicecommandsorfromanapponaphone.Itcanalsobeprogrammedbasedonanexactmapofausershome.TheRetrieverisdesigned“toserveasanextrapairofhandsandlightentheloadofeverydaytasksinthehome”.Self-drivingtractorAmerican-basedfarmequipmentmanufacturerJohnDeerepresentedafullyself-drivingtractorequippedwithsixdifferentcamerasandaseriesofsensorstoguidethetractorthroughthefields.Farmerscancontrolthevehicleandseethetractor’sprogressinreal-timethroughamobiledevicewhichistohelpfarmersdomoreworkwithlessequipmentandpeople.Thecompanynotedthatsuchmachinescanhelpimprovefarmingmethodsastheworld’spopulationgrowsandfooddemandisexpectedtorise50percentby2050.1.Whichoperator’sproductwillteleworkingstaffbemostinterestedin?A.Anker B.AirselfieC.Labrador D.JohnDeere2.Whatkindofproductcaneffectivelyhelptheelderlywithmobilitydifficulties?A.The“all-in-one”device. B.Self-flyingcamera.C.Retrieverrobot D.Thefullyself-drivingtractor.3Whatimpactwillself-drivingtractorshaveonagricultureinthefuture?A.Improvingproductsquality.B.Promotingagriculturalmodernization.C.Increasingagriculturalinvestment.D.Reducingtheenvironmentalpollution.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在美国举办的大型科技展，即国际消费电子展上一些公司的最新科技产品。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据All-in-onecommunication部分第一句“TechnologycompanyAnkerannouncedthelaunchofan“all-in-one”devicedesignedtoimprovecommunicationsforemployeesworkingfromhome.（科技公司Anker宣布推出一款“一体式”设备，旨在改善员工在家工作时的沟通。）”可知，这款多合一通讯工具很适合居家远程工作人员，即teleworkingstaff。故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Labrador’sassistiverobot部分第一二句“RobotmakerLabradorannounceditsRetrieverrobotdesignedtoholdthingsand,asitsnamesuggests,alsoretrieve(找回)things.Therobotcanbecontrolledbyvoicecommandsorfromanapponaphone.（机器人制造商Labrador宣布，它的Retriever机器人被设计成可以拿东西，正如它的名字所暗示的那样，也可以取回东西。机器人可以通过语音命令或手机应用程序进行控制。）”可知，这款机器人很适合行动不便的老年人，只需要语音控制。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Self-drivingtractor部分最后一句“Thecompanynotedthatsuchmachinescanhelpimprovefarmingmethodsastheworld’spopulationgrowsandfooddemandisexpectedtorise50percentby2050.（该公司指出，随着世界人口的增长，预计到2050年，粮食需求将增长50%，这种机器可以帮助改进耕作方法。）”可知，这种机器能改进耕作方式，换言之，即促进耕作的现代化。故选B项。BWhenIwasaboyweusedtoliveacrosstheroadfromabighillwithhugeoaktreesgrowingoutofit.Whenwinterarrived,thick,heavysnowwouldfall,andmytwobrotherswouldgrabtheirsleds(雪橇)headingovertothehillforadayoffun.IrememberwatchingthemwithenvybecauseIwasstilltoosmalltogosledding.Finally,onewinterIwasconsideredbigenoughandjoinedmybrothersastheycarriedtheirsledsupthelonghillandpreparedtoridedownit.ThefirstfewtripsIrodewithoneofmybrothersandhadthetimeofmylife.ItwassoexhilaratingwhenthewindwhippedacrossmyfaceasIflewdownthehillsideonthewoodensled.NeartheendofthedayIwasoverjoyedtoowhenmyoldestbrotherdecidedtoletmetryridingthesledallbymyself.Iclimbedonitfullofexcitementandlayonmystomach.Thenwithonebigpushmybrothersentmedownthesnowyhillside.IwasdoingprettywelltoountilIhitanoldstumphiddenbythesnowandwentoffcourse,straighttowardsoneofthosebigoaktrees.MyheartpoundedinmychestandIcouldhearmyselfscreaming.AtthelastpossiblesecondIrolledoffandthesledcrashedintothetree.Icouldhearmybrothersrunningdownthehillyelling,“Youhavetosteer(操控)!Youhavetosteer!”Sadly,thatwasn’tthelasttimeIfailedtosteerwhensomeobstacleknockedmeoffcourseinmylife.Manytimesproblems,troubles,andmyownfailureshavesentmecrashingintothetreesofanger,frustration,anddespair.Iamstilllearningthatlifeisn’talwayssafesledding.Iamstilllearningthatitisuptometosteermyselfbacktolove,backtokindness,andbacktogoodness.Lifeisatrip,butnooneeversaiditwasasmoothride.Steerwellthen.Steerstraight.Steeryoursoultowardsthelightandtheloveweareallmeantfor.4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorwhenhewasveryyoung?A.Helivedonabighillwithhugeoaktreesonit.B.Hewasfrightenedtogosleddingwithhisbrothers.C.Helongedtogosleddingwithhisbrothers.D.Hecarriedhisbrothers’sledsastheywentsledding.5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“exhilarating”inParagraph2?A.Delightful. B.Terrifying. C.Ordinary. D.Violent.6.Whydidtheauthorfalloffhissled?A.Becausehissledcrashedinanoaktree. B.Becausehelostcontrolofhissled.C.Becausehisbrotherpusheditsohard. D.Becausethehillsidewassnowy.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ALifeoutofControl. B.ALifewithCourageandDetermination.C.ALifeinMyHands. D.ALifeofCoincidences.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候滑雪的经历，在独自一人用雪橇滑雪的时候，作者没能操控自己的雪橇，不小心撞上了大树。作者由此领悟到生活并非一帆风顺，有可能会偏离方向，我们需要学会掌控。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whenwinterarrived,thick,heavysnowwouldfall,andmytwobrotherswouldgrabtheirsleds(雪橇)headingovertothehillforadayoffun.IrememberwatchingthemwithenvybecauseIwasstilltoosmalltogosledding.(冬天一到，又厚又大的雪就会下起来，我的两个哥哥就会拉着雪橇到山上去玩一天。我记得我羡慕地看着他们，因为我还太小，不能去滑雪)”可知，小时候作者因为年龄还小无法和哥哥们去滑雪，只能羡慕地看着他们。由此可知，他很渴望和哥哥们去滑雪。故选C项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“whenthewindwhippedacrossmyfaceasIflewdownthehillsideonthewoodensled.NeartheendofthedayIwasoverjoyedtoowhenmyoldestbrotherdecidedtoletmetryridingthesledallbymyself.(当我坐着木雪橇从山坡上飞下来时，风拂过我的脸。一天快结束的时候，我的哥哥决定让我试着独自坐雪橇，我也欣喜若狂)”可知，此处先描述作者初次尝试和哥哥们一起滑雪的经历，然后描述作者独自一人滑雪的经历，他后面的感受是“也欣喜若狂”。由此可知，他初次尝试的感受是欣喜若狂的，exhilarating意为“令人兴奋的，令人高兴的”，与delightful意思相近。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“IwasdoingprettywelltoountilIhitanoldstumphiddenbythesnowandwentoffcourse,straighttowardsoneofthosebigoaktrees.(我本来也做得很好，直到我撞上了一个被雪遮住的老树桩，我就偏离了路线，直奔其中一棵大橡树而去)”和“AtthelastpossiblesecondIrolledoffandthesledcrashedintothetree.(就在最后一刻，我滚了下来，雪橇撞到了树上)”可知，作者从雪橇上摔下来是因为他偏离路线后没能掌控自己的雪橇。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕作者小时候滑雪的经历展开，讲述了在独自一人用雪橇滑雪的时候，作者没能操控自己的雪橇，不小心撞上了大树。作者由此领悟到生活并非一帆风顺，有可能会偏离方向，我们需要学会掌控。再结合最后一段“Lifeisatrip,butnooneeversaiditwasasmoothride.Steerwellthen.Steerstraight.Steeryoursoultowardsthelightandtheloveweareallmeantfor.(生活是一场旅行，但从来没有人说它是一帆风顺的。那就好好操控吧。正确地操控。引导你的灵魂走向光明和我们所向往的爱)”可知，C项“生活掌控在我的手中”符合文章大意，最适合作为标题。故选C项。CContrarytopopularopinion,thescientificpursuitforknowledgeisnotapredictableandwell-definedprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries,researchersneedthefreedomtobecreative,fail,andlearnbychance.ThereistheromanticideaofthescientistwhohasanEurekamoment(顿悟时刻)andsuddenlyarrivesatnewinsights.Anotherimpressionisthatresearchonlyinvolvesformalsteps.Neitherofthoseideasiscorrect.“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingunderstandableorimaginable,”saysBiochemistryProfessorDolfWeijers.“Fromtheoutside,theresearchprocesslooksveryformalandtheartisticprocesslookssomewhatmessy.Butthescientificprocesscanalsounfold(展开)inanunpredictableway.Creativeandassociativethinkingisveryimportantforscientiststogaininsightandmakeconnections.”Thereisanintersection(交叉点)betweenscienceandart.ThisiswhyWageningenscientistslooktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideasabouthowtoamplifycreativefreedom.WeijersandhiscolleagueJorisSprakel,togetherwithotherscientistsandartists,havedesignedaplantolearnfromeachotherandtoexchangeideas.Oneexampleistherecentandspecialprojectinwhichtheymeasuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecular(分子)sensorwasusedtovisualisethedifferentforces.Theyrevealedtheresultsincolourfulimages,eachrepresentingadifferentforce.Whatscienceandartalsohaveincommonisthattheyaretopicsofdiscussioninsociety.Therearepeoplewhosaythattheydonotvalueartandpeoplewhomistrustscience.“Itoftencreatesthewrongimpressionbecauseonlytheresultsofscientificstudiesarepresented,andpeopledonothaveanyinsightintotheartisticprocessleadingtodiscovery.Asascientist,youarecriticisedifyousaythatsomethingisdifferentafewyearslater.Thenyouareviewedasunreliable.Butwhatisoftenpoorlyunderstoodisthattherearenofinalresultsinscience,”saysWeijers.8.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theviewsonscienceresearch. B.Thepurposeofscienceresearch.C.Thehardshipofscienceresearch. D.Theattitudetoscienceresearch.9.WhatcanweknowfromWeijers’sview?A.Scientistsshouldhavecreativeandassociativethinking.B.Theartisticprocessistoomessytobeusedinresearch.C.Thescientificprocessalwaysunfoldsinanunpredictableway.D.Theresearchprocessandtheartisticprocessaretotallydifferent.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amplify”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.Refuse. B.Detect. C.Increase. D.Imply.11.WhydoestheauthormentionWeijers’sresearchonplantcells?A.Tostresstheimportanceofthinkingfreely.B.Todisplaythebeautyofcolourfulimages.C.Topresentthefindingsofhisrecentproject.D.Toshowtheconnectionbetweenscienceandart.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术在科学研究中的作用，艺术与科学之间是有交叉的。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Contrarytopopularopinion,thescientificpursuitforknowledgeisnotapredictableandwell-definedprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries,researchersneedthefreedomtobecreativefail,andlearnbychance.ThereistheromanticideaofthescientistwhohasanEurekamoment(顿悟时刻)andsuddenlyarrivesatnewinsights.Anotherimpressionisthatresearchonlyinvolvesformalsteps.Neitherofthoseideasiscorrect.(与流行的观点相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测和明确定义的过程。为了有新的发现，研究人员需要创造性、失败和偶然学习的自由。有一个浪漫的想法，科学家突然有了一个顿悟的时刻，突然有了新的见解。另一个印象是，研究只涉及正式步骤。这些想法都不正确。)”可知，第一段主要讨论人们对于科学研究的看法。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Weijers说的话“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingcomprehensibleorimaginable(科学和艺术是使事物变得可理解或可想象的两种不同方式)”和“Butthescientificprocesscanalsounfold(展开)inanunpredictableway.Creativeandassociativethinkingisveryimportantforscientiststogaininsightandmakeconnections.(但科学过程也可能以一种不可预测的方式展开。创造性和联想思维对科学家获得洞察力和建立联系非常重要。)”可知，从Weijers的观点中我们可以了解到科学家应该具有创造性和联想性思维。故选A。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Creativeandassociativethinkingisveryimportantforscientiststogaininsightandmakeconnections.(创造性和联想思维对科学家获得洞察力和建立联系非常重要。)”和第三段的“Thereisanintersection(交叉点)betweenscienceandart.(科学和艺术之间有交集。)”和“looktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideas(从艺术家那里寻找灵感并交流想法)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“科学和艺术之间有交集。这就是为什么瓦赫宁根的科学家们从艺术家那里寻找灵感，并就如何扩大创作自由交换意见”，因此划线词amplify的意思是“扩大，增加”，和increase意思相近，故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。第三段第一句“Thereisanintersection(交叉点)betweenscienceandart.(科学和艺术之间有交叉。)”和“Oneexampleistherecentandspecialprojectinwhichtheymeasuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecular(分子)sensorwasusedtovisualisethedifferentforces.Theyrevealedtheresultsincolourfulimages,eachrepresentingadifferentforce.(一个例子是最近的一个特殊项目，他们测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来观察不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了实验结果，每张图像代表一种不同的力。)”可知，通过Weijers的关于植物细胞的研究事例说明艺术与科学之间的交叉融合，表明艺术与科学的联系。故选D。DNineoutofeverytenhumansareright-handed,animbalancethatresearchersfordecadeshaveattemptedtoexplain,withoutdefinitivesuccess.Oneoftheideasconsideredisthefightinghypothesis(假说),whichsuggeststhatleft-handednessprovidesanadvantageinfight,althoughwithanoverallhittophysicalhealththatkeepsleftiesrareinthepopulation.Indeed,males-whohistoricallyhavecompetedmoststronglyforresourcesandmates-areleft-handedatslightlyhigherratesthanfemales.Moreover,studiessuggestthatleftiestendtooutperformright-handedpeopleinfightingsportsaswellasinsomeballgamesthatrequirehand-eyecoordinationliketennis,baseball,andvolleyball.However,abigproblemwiththefightinghypothesisisthatitspredictedhealthdisadvantagehasn’tbeenproveninlargestudies.Onthewhole,left-handedpeopledon’tseemtosufferfrommorehealthproblemsthanright-handedpeople,nordotheyliveshorterlives.Noticingthis,threescientistscomingfromSwedenandtheUKproposedanupdatetothehypothesis.InanarticlepublishedinthejournalSymmetry,theysaythatright-handedhumansactuallyhadagreaterfightingadvantageovermuchofourspecies’history,whichiswhythey’vebecomefarmorenumerous.Accordingtotheresearchers,ithassomethingtodowiththepositionoftheheartandtheideathathumansdidmostoftheirfightingwithhandheld,pointyweaponsformuchofourspecies’existence.Aboutthree-quartersoftheheartissituatedinthelefthemithorax(左胸腔)makingtheleftsideofthechestaneasytargetforamortalblow.Theresearchersnotethatwhenhumansbattlewithstabbingweapons,thehandusedtoholdtheweapondetermineswhichareaofthechestisexposedtoanenemy.Aleft-handedgraspwillrotatetheleftsideofthechesttotheright,andthusmostofthehearttowardanenemy,whilearight-handedgripwillrotateitaway.Generally,thismeansthatright-handedhumansmightbemoreprotectedfromadeadlystrike.Butitshouldbenotedthatthisnewexplanationforthepredominanceofright-handedpeopleisstillverymuchahypothesis,andyetunproven.12.Whyaremostpeopleright-handedaccordingtotheprevioushypothesis?A.Becauseright-handednesshasanadvantageinthefight.B.Becauseleftiestendtounderperforminthecompetition.C.Becauseleft-handednessposesathreattotheoverallhealth.D.Becauseleftieshistoricallycompetedstronglyforresourcesandmates.13.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Right-handedpeoplehaveahigherriskofdevelopinghealthproblems.B.Theresearchershaveconfirmedwhymostpeopleareright-handed.C.It’sstillunderresearchwhymostpeopleareright-handed.D.Thepositionofourheartdecidesweareright-handed.14.Whatwilltheleft-handedgraspingweaponpossiblyleadto?A.Itwillprotectusfromadeadlystrike.B.Itwillexposemostofthehearttoanenemy.C.Itwillturntherightsideofthechesttotheleft.D.Itwillmaketheupperchestatargetforamortalblow.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheupdatedfightinghypothesis?A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Doubtful.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要讨论了为什么人类中右撇子比例较高并列举了相关的解释。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Oneoftheideasconsideredisthefightinghypothesis(假说),whichsuggeststhatleft-handednessprovidesanadvantageinfight,althoughwithanoverallhittophysicalhealththatkeepsleftiesrareinthepopulation.(其中一个被考虑的观点是“战斗假说”，该假说认为，左撇子在战斗中具有优势，尽管左撇子对身体健康的总体影响使其在人群中非常罕见)”和第三段“However,abigproblemwiththefightinghypothesisisthatitspredictedhealthdisadvantagehasn’tbeenproveninlargestudies.(然而，战斗假说的一个大问题是，其预测的健康劣势尚未在大型研究中得到证实。)”可知，根据之前的假设，左撇子有预测的健康劣势，可得出大多数人都是右撇子是因为左撇子对整体健康构成威胁。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butitshouldbenotedthatthisnewexplanationforthepredominanceofright-handedpeopleisstillverymuchahypothesis,andyetunproven.(但应该指出的是，这个关于右撇子占优势的新解释在很大程度上仍然是一个假设，尚未得到证实)”可推知，为什么大多数人都是右撇子仍在研究中。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Aleft-handedgraspwillrotatetheleftsideofthechesttotheright,andthusmostofthehearttowardanenemy,whilearight-handedgripwillrotateitaway.(左手抓握会使胸部的左侧向右旋转，从而使心脏的大部分朝向敌人，而右手抓握则会使心脏远离敌人)”可知，左手抓握武器可能会导致它将大部分心脏暴露给敌人。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butitshouldbenotedthatthisnewexplanationforthepredominanceofright-handedpeopleisstillverymuchahypothesis,andyetunproven.(但应该指出的是，这个关于右撇子占优势的新解释在很大程度上仍然是一个假设，尚未得到证实)”可推知，作者主要列举了大量的事实，且最后提到假设尚未得到证实，说明作者对更新后的战斗假说的态度是客观的。故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。请将答案写在答题卷上。HowtoStudyforaTestorFinalTheendofthetermisdrawingnear,andthatmeansfinalexamsareontheway.____16____Themostimportantthingyoucandoisgiveyourselfplentyoftimetoprepare.Thenfollowthisplan:Startearly.Gatherallthematerialyou’vereceivedduringtheterm.Readthroughyourclassnotestwice.Somethingswillsoundfamiliarandsomethingswillsoundunfamiliar.That’snormal.Establishastudygrouporfindapartner.Scheduleatleastonemeetingwithastudypartnerorstudygroup.Ifyoucan'tcompletelygettogether,thenexchangeemailaddresses.____17____Useoldtests.Collectyouroldexamsfromtheyear(orsemester)andmakeaphotocopyofeachone.Writeoutthetestanswersandcopyeachoneagain.____18____Togetthebestresults,youshouldmakeseveralcopiesofeacholdexamandkeeptakingthetestsuntilyouscoreperfectlyoneachone.Buildupyourclassnotes.Organizeyournotesbydateandmakenoteofanymissingdates/pages.Gettogetherwithastudypartnerorgrouptocomparenotesandfillinanymissingmaterial.____19____Everybodyzonesoutonceinawhile.Afteryouorganizeyournewsetofnotes,underlineanykeywords,formulas,themes,andconcepts.MakeyourselfanewpracticetestwithtermdefinitionsandothersPrintoutseveraltestsandpracticeseveraltimes.____20____Thenexchange.Makeuseofoldassignments.Gathersomeoldassignmentsandredotheexercises.Reviewthoseexercisesuntilyoucananswereveryquestioneasily.A.Instantmessageswillworkwell,too.B.Haveasetofpracticetests.C.Howcanyougiveyourselfachancetoimproveyourscores?D.Youmightfindonethatmakessomethingclearforthefirsttime.E.Askthemembersofyourstudygrouptomakepracticetestsaswell.F.Don’tbetoosurprisedifyoumissedkeyinformationfromthelectures.G.Haveyourfriendorstudypartnerraisequestionsandcomparethem.【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.F20.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何准备期末考试提出了5点建议。【16题详解】根据前文提及finalexamsareontheway(期末考试快到了)以及后文提及Themostimportantthingyoucandoisgiveyourselfplentyoftimetoprepare.(你能做的最重要的事情就是给自己充足的时间来准备。)可知，所填句子应是对分数提高有关，且后一句可看作为答语，因此所填句子应是疑问句。C项：Howcanyougiveyourselfachancetoimproveyourscores?(怎样才能给自己一个提高成绩的机会呢?）承上启下。故选C。【17题详解】根据前文Ifyoucan’tcompletelygettogether,thenexchangeemailaddresses.(如果你们不能完全在一起，那就交换电子邮件地址。)可知，交换电子邮件是提供一个建议，所填空句子应解释其好处。A项：Instantmessageswillworkwell,too.(即时消息也可以。)符合文意。故选A。【18题详解】根据设空位置在小标题处，可知所选句子应为本段中心主旨。根据这一段内容youshouldmakeseveralcopiesofeacholdexamandkeeptakingthetestsuntilyouscoreperfectlyoneachone.(你应该把每一次旧考试复印几份，并坚持练习考试试卷，直到你每次考试都取得满分。)可知，本段中心为坚持练习测试。B项：Haveasetofpracticetests.(做一系列的练习测试。)符合本段文意。故选B。【19题详解】根据设空位置在段中，应是承前启后句。根据前文Gettogetherwithastudypartnerorgrouptocomparenotesandfillinanymissingmaterial.(与学习伙伴或小组一起比较笔记并填写任何遗漏的材料。)可知，所填空应是与遗漏知识点有关。且后文Everybodyzonesoutonceinawhile.(每个人偶尔都会走神。)进行了解释。因此F项：Don’tbetoosurprisedifyoumissedkeyinformationfromthelectures.(如果你错过了讲座的关键信息，不要太惊讶。)承上启下。故选F。【20题详解】根据后文Thenexchange.(然后交换)可知，是与小组成员之间交换做过的试卷测试。E项：Askthemembersofyourstudygrouptomakepracticetestsaswell.(让你学习小组的成员也进行练习测试。)符合文意。故选E。第三部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inlife,wewillsucceedandfailoftenforreasonsthatareentirelyoutofour___21___.Wecanworkharderthananyoneelseintheofficeandstillnotbe___22___.Wecanbeincrediblyniceandlovesomeonedeeply,andtheymaynotloveus___23___.Thebottomlineisthatlifeisnot___24___.Thatisabitter___25___toswallowformanyofus.Asaresult,somepeople___26___afterbeinghitbyevenoneunfairblowfromlife.Butifweletlife’sunfairness___27___us,wewillneverreceivethebeautifulblessingsthatlifehas___28___forus.Myfirst___29___marriagefeltveryunfairtome.NomatterhowhardIhadtriedtobeagoodwife,Icouldnotmaketherelationship___30___.Icouldhavebeen___31___bythatexperience.ButIbelievedthatIcouldbe___32___marriedoneday___33___Ialwayswantedtoexperiencetraditionalfamilylife.Andthen,Imetthiskind,thoughtful,generousman.Whenwearefacedwithlife’sseemingunfairness,wehavetoletgooftheoutcomethatwehavebeen___34___andkeeptrying,anddoingtherightthing.___35___thatlifeisneitherfairnorstraightforward.Andbyknowingthatifweremainconfident,wecandriveourunfairexperiencesawayandusethemforourbenefit.21.A.reach B.control C.date D.order22.A.promoted B.paid C.pleased D.proved23.A.more B.back C.enough D.unconditionally24.A.easy B.smooth C.fair D.ideal25.A.feeling B.word C.fact D.pill26.A.dieddown B.lookeddown C.shutdown D.settleddown27.A.confuse B.manage C.betray D.defeat28.A.incharge B.inreturn C.inplace D.instore29.A.arranged B.failed C.happy D.trial30.A.work B.start C.end D.worsen31.A.teased B.discouraged C.hurt D.shocked32.A.proudly B.casually C.happily D.shortly33.A.unless B.while C.because D.though34.A.achieving B.affecting C.expecting D.declining35.A.Accept B.Assume C.Fancy D.Consider【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.C25.D26.C27.D28.D29.B30.A31.B32.C33.C34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如何看待生活中的不公平，当我们遇到生活中的不公平时，作者建议我们要相信自己，并继续做我们应该做的事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在生活中，我们的成功和失败往往是由于我们完全无法控制的原因。A.reach影响范围；B.control控制；C.date日期；D.order顺序，秩序。根据前文“wewillsucceedandfailoftenforreasons”可知，有些成功和失败的原因我们是无法控制的，outofcontrol“无法控制”，故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以比办公室里的任何人都努力工作，但仍然不会被提升。A.promoted提升，晋升；B.paid支付；C.pleased使满意；D.proved证明。上文提到有些成功和失败的原因我们是无法控制的，结合“Wecanworkharderthananyoneelseintheoffice”可知，此处指努力工作但是仍然得不到晋升，故选A。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们可以非常好，深深地爱一个人，而他们可能不会爱我们。A.more更多；B.back回报，回原处；C.enough足够；D.unconditionally无条件地。根据“lovesomeonedeeply”以及“andtheymaynotloveus”可知，此处指我们深爱一个人，他们可能不会以相同的爱回报给我们，故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：底线是生活是不公平的。A.easy容易的；B.smooth顺利的；C.fair公平的；D.ideal理想的。根据下一段中“unfair”以及“life’sunfairness”可知，生活是不公平的，故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们许多人来说，这是一颗难以下咽的药片。A.feeling感觉；B.word单词；C.fact事实；D.pill药片。根据“toswallow”可知，此处指难以下咽的药片，故选D。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，有些人在受到生活的一次不公平打击后就会自我封闭。A.dieddown逐渐消失；B.lookeddown向下看，看不起；C.shutdown关闭；D.settleddown定居，安顿下来。根据“afterbeinghitbyevenoneunfairblowfromlife”可知，许多人受到不公平的打击之后，变得自我封闭，故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果我们让生活的不公平打败我们，我们将永远得不到生活为我们准备的美好祝福。A.confuse使困惑；B.manage管理，设法完成；C.betray背叛；D.defeat打败。根据上文“beinghitbyevenoneunfairblowfromlife”提到受到打击之后变得自我封闭可知，此处指“如果我们让生活的不公平打败我们”，故选D。【28题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A.incharge主管，负责；B.inreturn作为回报；C.inplace在正确的位置；D.instore准备着。根据“wewillneverr