托福分类词汇表

托福分类词汇表（共17类863个常用单词）

一、

psychology心理

1.

mental心理的2.

physical身体的，物质的，物理的3.

spiritual心灵的4.

conformity从众5.

majority多数人6.

minority少数人7.

thresholdjudgment（心理学）初始性判断8.

subject受实验对象9.

心理学psychology10.

心理现象mentalphenomenon11.

心理过程mentalprocess12.

心理状态mentalstate13.

心理活动mentalactivity14.

意识consciousness15.

内部活动internalactivity16.

普通心理学generalpsychology17.

实验心理学experimentalpsychology18.

行为科学behavioralscience19.

心身关系mind-bodyrelation20.

遗传heredity21.

活动理论activitytheory22.

中央处理器模型centralprocessormodel23.

信息储存informationstorage24.

人工智能artificialintelligence,AI25.

计算机类比computeranalogy26.

计算机模拟computersimulation27.

计算机模型computermodel28.

测谎器liedetector29.

预期误差anticipationerror30.

正误法methodofrightandwrongcases31.

反应response32.

访谈法interviewmethod33.

问卷法questionnaire34.

表情法methodofexpression35.

提示法anticipationmethod36.

视觉vision37.

瞳孔pupil38.

可见光visiblelight39.

颜色匹配colormatching40.

颜色对比colorcontrast41.

颜色混合colormixture42.

加色混合additivecolormixture43.

色弱colorweakness44.

红色弱redweakness45.

色盲colorblindness46.

红色盲redblindness47.

蓝黄色盲blue-yellowblindness48.

内耳innerear49.

中耳middleear50.

反映reflection

二、geography地理

1.

geography地理2.

geographer地理学家3.

hemisphere半球4.

meridian子午线，经线5.

parallel平行圈，纬线6.

latitude经度7.

longitude精度8.

elevation海拔9.

altitude高度10.

temperatelatitudes温带地区11.

horizon地平线12.

equator赤道13.

tropics热带地区14.

Arctic北极15.

Antarctic(Antarctica)南极16.

expedition探险17.

timezone时区18.

topography地形，地形学19.

plain平原20.

plateau(highland)高地21.

lowland低地22.

basin盆地23.

cavern(cave)洞穴24.

terrain地域25.

subterranean(underground)地底下26.

coastland沿海地区27.

island岛屿28.

continentalisland大陆岛29.

volcanicisland火山岛30.

coralisland珊瑚岛31.

islet小岛32.

peninsular半岛33.

continent大陆34.

continentalshelf大陆架35.

ranges山脉36.

valley峡谷37.

canyon峡谷38.

channel(strait)海峡39.

remote-sensing遥感的40.

terrestrial地球的，陆地的41.

terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热42.

terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁43.

continentaldrift大陆漂移学说44.

sea-floorspreading海床扩展45.

evaporation蒸发46.

salinity含盐度47.

oceanbottom海床48.

sediment沉淀物，沉积物49.

tropical热带的50.

temperate温带的51.

frigid寒带的52.

formation形成53.

frostheaving冻胀现象54.

fieldstone卵石

三、geology地质学

1.

geologist地质学家2.

crust地壳3.

mantle地幔4.

core地核5.

continentalcrust大陆地壳6.

oceaniccrust海洋地壳7.

layer(stratum,复数strata)地层8.

plate板块9.

fault断层10.

faultplane断层面11.

faultzone断层带12.

rift(crack;split)断裂13.

disintegration(decomposition)分解14.

erosion腐蚀15.

fossil化石16.

igneousrock火成岩17.

sedimentaryrock沉积岩18.

metamorphicrock变质岩19.

quartz石英20.

limestone石灰岩21.

marble大理石22.

granite花岗岩23.

lithogenous岩成的24.

lithosphere岩石圈25.

magma岩浆26.

mineral矿物27.

ore矿石28.

deposit矿床29.

platinum白金，铂30.

silver银31.

copper黄铜32.

aluminum铝33.

tin锡34.

lead铅35.

zinc锌36.

nickel镍37.

mercury汞，水银38.

sodium钠39.

gem宝石40.

diamond钻石41.

emerald绿宝石42.

ruby红宝石43.

glacier冰川44.

glacial冰川的45.

glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期46.

glacialdrift冰渍47.

iceberg冰山48.

volcano火山49.

activevolcano活火山50.

extinctvolcano死火山51.

dormantvolcano休眠火山52.

eruption火山喷发53.

crater火山口54.

lava火山岩浆55.

volcanic火山的56.

volcanicdust火山尘57.

volcanicash火山灰58.

earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震59.

seismic地震的60.

seismology地震学61.

magnitude震级62.

seismicwave地震波63.

cataclysm灾变

四、anthropologist人类学家

1.

paleoanthropologist古人类学家2.

ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家3.

psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家4.

origin起源5.

originate起源于6.

ancestor祖先7.

hominid人（科）8.

homogeneous同一种族（种类）的9.

tribe部落10.

clan氏族11.

archeologist考古学家12.

excavation挖掘13.

excavate(unearth)挖掘14.

ruins遗迹，废墟15.

remains遗迹，遗骸16.

artifact手工艺品17.

relic遗物，文物18.

antique古物，古董19.

antiquity古代，古老20.

StoneAge石器时代21.

BronzeAge（青）铜器时代22.

IronAge铁器时代23.

Paleolithic旧石器时代的24.

Mesolithic中石器时代的25.

Neolithic新石器时代的26.

archaeology考古学27.

anthropology人类学28.

morphology形态学29.

skull颅骨30.

cranial颅骨的

五、ecology生态学

1.

ecologist生态学家2.

ecosystem生态系统3.

balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡4.

fauna动物群5.

flora植物群6.

rainforest雨林7.

foodchain食物链8.

acidrain酸雨9.

greenhouseeffect温室效应10.

infraredradiation红外线辐射11.

ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层12.

ultravioletradiation紫外辐射13.

pollution污染14.

pollutioncontrol污染控制15.

airpollution空气污染16.

waterpollution水污染17.

noisepollution噪音污染18.

soilpollution土壤污染19.

pollution-free无污染20.

pollutant污染物21.

noxious(toxic)有毒的22.

fumes（有毒）废气23.

waste废物24.

solidwaste固体垃圾25.

sewage(wastewater)污水26.

sewagepurification污水净化27.

sewagedisposal污水处理28.

decibel（噪音）分贝

六、meteorology气象

1.

meteorology气象2.

meteorologist气象学家3.

forecast(predict)预报4.

climate气候5.

atmosphere大气层6.

troposphere对流层7.

current（气）流8.

vapor蒸汽9.

evaporate蒸发10.

damp(wet;moist;humid)潮湿的11.

humidity湿度12.

moisture潮湿；水分13.

saturate饱和14.

dew露15.

frost霜16.

fog(mist)雾17.

smog烟雾18.

droplet小水珠19.

condense浓缩20.

crystal水晶体21.

downpour(torrentialrain)大雨22.

tempest(storm)暴风雨23.

drizzle细雨24.

shower阵雨25.

hail冰雹26.

blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪27.

avalanche(snowslide)雪崩28.

precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水29.

breeze微风30.

gale大风31.

whirlwind旋风32.

typhoon台风33.

hurricane飓风34.

tornado(twister,cyclone)龙卷风35.

funnel漏斗，漏斗云36.

disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难37.

devastation破坏38.

submerge淹没39.

drought旱灾

七、chemistry化学

1.

chemicalproperty化学特性，化学性质2.

chemicalcomposition(makeup)化学成分3.

chemicalagent化学试剂4.

chemicalreaction化学反应5.

chemicalchange化学变化6.

chemicalbond化学键7.

chemicalapparatus化学器械8.

substance(matter;material)物质9.

element元素10.

periodictable周期表11.

hydrogen氢12.

oxygen氧13.

nitrogen氮14.

helium氦15.

carbon碳16.

calcium钙17.

silicon硅18.

sulfur硫19.

iodine碘20.

compound化合物21.

hydrocarbon碳氢化合物22.

derivative衍生物23.

alchemy炼金术24.

petroleum(oil)石油25.

petroleumproducts石油产品26.

crudeoil原油27.

refine提炼，精炼28.

gasoline汽油29.

methane甲烷30.

solution溶液31.

dissolve溶解32.

solvent溶剂33.

solubility可溶性34.

cohesive聚合力35.

adhesive粘合力36.

atom原子37.

nucleus原子核38.

electron电子39.

neutron中子40.

proton质子41.

molecule分子42.

particle粒子43.

ion离子44.

particleaccelerator粒子加速器45.

catalysis（复数catalyses）催化作用46.

catalyst催化剂47.

artificial人造的48.

synthetic合成的49.

syntheticfiber人造纤维50.

polymer聚合物51.

polymerization聚合作用52.

plastic塑料53.

dye染料54.

cosmetics化妆品

八、physics物理

1.

physics物理2.

mechanics力学3.

thermodynamics热力学4.

acoustics声学5.

electromagnetism电磁学6.

optics光学7.

dynamics动力学8.

force力9.

velocity速度10.

acceleration加速度11.

equilibrium平衡12.

statics静力学13.

motion运动14.

inertia惯性15.

gravitation引力16.

relativity相对17.

gravity地心引力18.

vibration震动19.

medium(media)媒质20.

frequency频率21.

wavelength波长22.

pitch音高23.

intensity强度24.

echo回声25.

resonance回声，洪亮26.

sonar声纳27.

ultrasonics超声学28.

electricity电29.

staticelectricity静电30.

magnetism磁性，磁力31.

magnet磁体32.

electromagnet电磁33.

magneticfield磁场34.

electriccurrent电流35.

directcurrent(DC)直流电36.

alternatingcurrent(AC)交流电37.

electriccircuit电路38.

electriccharge电荷39.

electricvoltage电压40.

electricshock触电41.

electricappliance电器42.

conductor导体43.

insulator绝缘体44.

semiconductor半导体45.

battery(cell)电池46.

drybattery干电池47.

storagebattery蓄电池48.

electronics电子学49.

electronic电子的50.

electroniccomponent(part)电子零件51.

integratedcircuit集成电路52.

chip集成电器片，集成块53.

electrontube电子管54.

vacuumtube真空管55.

transistor晶体管56.

amplification(名词)放大57.

amplify（动词）放大58.

amplifier放大器，扬声器59.

oscillation震荡60.

optical光（学）的61.

opticalfiber光学纤维62.

lens透镜，镜片63.

convex凸透镜64.

concave凹透镜65.

microscope显微镜66.

telescope望远镜67.

magnifier放大镜68.

spectrum光谱69.

ultraviolet紫外线70.

XraysX射线71.

Gammaraysγ射线72.

infraredrays红外线73.

microwaves微波74.

dispersion色散75.

transparent透明76.

translucent半透明77.

opaque不透明的

九、mathematics

1.

mathematics数学2.

mathematician数学家3.

arithmetic算术4.

calculation计算5.

calculator计算器6.

abacus算盘7.

numeral数字8.

sum和9.

total(sumtotal)总和，总数10.

aggregate总计11.

fraction分数，小数12.

decimal十进位，（十进）小数13.

digit数字，数位14.

percentage百分比15.

addition加法16.

plus加上17.

subtraction减法18.

minus减去19.

multiplication乘法20.

multiplicationtable乘法表21.

multiply乘以22.

times乘以23.

power乘方24.

square平方25.

division除法26.

divide除以27.

algebra代数28.

quantity表示量的数（或符号）29.

equation方程式，等式30.

formula公式31.

root根32.

geometry几何33.

geometric几何的34.

dimension维35.

paralleladj.平行的n.平行线36.

quadrilateral四边形37.

square正方形38.

area面积39.

rectangle长方形，矩形40.

polygon多边形41.

cube立方形42.

volume体积43.

sphere球形44.

circle圆形45.

ellipse(oval)椭圆形46.

cone圆锥形47.

circumference圆周48.

diameter直径49.

radius半径50.

triangle三角形51.

angle角52.

degree(角)度53.

calculus微积分54.

differentialcalculus微分学55.

integralcalculus积分学56.

function函数57.

probability概率58.

statistics统计59.

quantitative量的，数量的60.

qualitative质的，质量的61.

deduction(inference)推论，演绎62.

induction归纳

十、agriculture农业

1.

agriculture(farming)农业2.

agricultural农业的3.

land(soil)土壤；土地4.

soilconservation土壤保护5.

soilerosion泥土流失6.

silt粉砂，泥沙7.

clay黏土，湿土8.

clod土块9.

agrarian土地的，农业的10.

pilot(experimental)试验性的11.

harrow(rake)耙，耙土12.

ridge田埂13.

furrow犁沟14.

plot（patch）小块地15.

ranch农场，牧场16.

plantation种植园17.

orchard果园18.

nursery苗圃19.

seedbed苗床20.

sickle镰刀21.

spade铲，锹22.

shovel(平头)铲23.

pick稿24.

tractor拖拉机25.

cultivate(till)耕作26.

sow(seed)播种27.

harvest收割28.

weed除草29.

irrigate灌溉30.

manure(fertilizer)肥料31.

spray喷洒（农药）32.

insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂33.

pest害虫34.

rust锈病35.

grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒36.

granary(grainstore)粮仓37.

mill碾，磨38.

wheat小麦39.

corn玉米40.

rice大米41.

barley大麦42.

sorghum高粱43.

oats燕麦44.

rye黑麦45.

millet粟，小米46.

vegetable蔬菜47.

horticulture园艺学48.

hydroponics水栽法，营养液栽培法49.

greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)温室50.

cabbage洋白菜51.

lettuce生菜52.

mustard芥菜53.

spinach菠菜54.

broccoli花椰菜55.

cucumber黄瓜56.

eggplant茄子57.

pepper辣椒58.

pumpkin南瓜59.

tomato西红柿60.

beet甜菜61.

carrot胡萝卜62.

radish小红萝卜63.

pea豌豆64.

soybean大豆65.

celery芹菜66.

garlic大蒜67.

leek韭菜68.

onion洋葱头69.

potato土豆70.

peanut花生71.

sesame芝麻72.

cotton棉花73.

husbandry(animalhusbandry)畜牧业74.

pasture牧场75.

livestock家畜76.

fowl(poultry)家禽77.

cattle牛，家畜78.

buffalo野牛79.

dairy(dairycattle)奶牛80.

dairyfarm乳牛场81.

hay（作饲料用）干草82.

haystack干草堆83.

fodder(feed)饲料84.

trough饲料槽85.

barn(shed)牲口槽86.

stable厩，马厩87.

cowshed牛棚88.

pigpen(hogpen,pigsty)猪圈89.

sheepfold(sheeppen)羊栏90.

roost(henhouse)鸡舍91.

fishfarm养鱼场92.

aquaculture水产养殖

十一、animal动物

1.

Darvinism达尔文学说2.

naturalselection自然选择3.

class纲4.

order目5.

family科6.

genus属7.

suborder亚目8.

species种9.

invertebrate无脊椎动物10.

vertebrate脊椎动物11.

aquatic(life)水生动物12.

reptile爬行动物13.

amphibian(amphibiousanimal)两栖动物14.

dinosaur恐龙15.

bird鸟类16.

extinction灭绝17.

mammal哺乳动物18.

primates灵长目动物19.

insect昆虫20.

antenna(复数antennae)触须21.

larva幼虫，幼体22.

camouflage伪装23.

pest害虫24.

worm虫，蠕虫25.

hibernate冬眠26.

lizard蜥蜴27.

chameleon变色蜥蜴28.

regeneration再生29.

turtle龟30.

beast野兽31.

domesticate驯养32.

predatory(carnivorous)食肉的33.

predator捕食者34.

prey（动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物35.

scavenger食腐动物36.

migrate迁移37.

wing翅膀，翼38.

bill（鸟）嘴39.

beak（鹰等的）嘴40.

nest筑巢41.

dolphin海豚42.

whale鲸鱼43.

bat蝙蝠44.

gorilla大猩猩45.

chimpanzee黑猩猩46.

habitat栖息地47.

rodent啮齿动物（如松鼠）48.

primate灵长动物49.

plankton浮游生物50.

mollusk软体动物51.

coelenterate腔肠动物（如珊瑚）52.

shrimp小虾53.

prawn对虾54.

lobster对虾55.

crab螃蟹56.

clam蛤蜊57.

sponge海绵58.

coral珊瑚59.

starfish海星60.

canary金丝雀61.

chirp(鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧62.

squeak（老鼠等）吱吱63.

porpoise海豚64.

sloth树懒65.

slothful懒惰的66.

hygiene卫生67.

sanitation卫生68.

parasite寄生虫69.

moth蛾70.

caterpillar毛虫71.

hordes(昆虫等)群72.

swarms(昆虫等)群73.

flock（鸟，羊等）群74.

community动物的群落或人的部落75.

herd兽群76.

bunch（花等）束，捧77.

beaver海狸78.

monogamous一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的79.

polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的80.

polyandrous一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的81.

trapper诱捕动物者82.

rhinoceros犀牛83.

niche小生态环境84.

vestige退化器官，遗迹85.

oyster牡蛎86.

fertilizer使…受精87.

larvae幼虫88.

tentacle触角89.

homotherm恒温动物90.

poikilotherm变温动物91.

metabolism新陈代谢92.

baboon狒狒93.

breed(名词)品种，（动词）繁殖94.

multiply（reproduce）繁殖95.

hatch孵96.

spawn(鱼、虾、蛙等)孵97.

offspring(young)解剖学98.

anatomy解剖学99.

appetite食欲100.creature生物101.microbe微生物102.herbivorous食草的103.carnivorous食肉的104.omnivorous杂事的

十二、plant植物

1.

botany植物学2.

botanist植物学家3.

botanical(botanic)植物的4.

plant植物5.

aquaticplant水生植物6.

parasiteplant寄生植物7.

root根8.

canopy树冠层，顶棚9.

foliage(leaf)叶10.

leaflet小叶11.

rosette(叶的)丛生12.

stem茎13.

stalk杆14.

leafstalk叶柄15.

shoot(sprout)嫩芽，抽枝16.

flower花17.

bud花蕾18.

petal花瓣19.

peel(skin)果皮20.

shell(硬)果壳21.

husk（干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶22.

trunk树干23.

branch树枝24.

bough大或者粗的树枝25.

twig小树枝26.

bark树皮27.

jungle丛林28.

lawn草坪29.

meadow草地，牧场30.

prairie大草原31.

shrub(bush)灌木32.

cluster一簇（灌木）33.

fern蕨类植物34.

herb草35.

photosynthesis光合作用36.

symbiosis共生37.

wither(shrivel,fade)凋谢38.

pollen花粉39.

pollinate传授花粉40.

pollination授粉41.

cell细胞42.

tissue组织43.

organ器官44.

system系统45.

seeds种子46.

everlasting永久的47.

orchid兰花48.

pollinate授粉49.

crossbreed杂交50.

shrub灌木51.

sequoia红杉52.

rootpressure根压53.

cohesion-tension凝聚压力54.

bore腔，肠55.

column花柱56.

symbiotic共生的57.

immunity免疫58.

organism生物，有机物59.

necrosis坏死60.

barren贫瘠61.

futile无用的62.

carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类63.

glucose葡萄糖64.

starch淀粉65.

fat脂肪66.

protein蛋白质67.

vitamin维他命68.

calorie卡路里（热量单位）69.

malnourished营养不良的70.

nutrition营养

十三、politics政治

1.

constitution宪法2.

legislation立法3.

Democrats民主党4.

Republicans共和党5.

Amendment修正案6.

Congress美国国会7.

Senate参议院8.

HouseofRepresentatives众议院9.

monarchy君主制10.

anarchism无政府主义11.

federalsystem联邦制12.

presidentialsystem总统制13.

municipal市的，市政的14.

metropolitan大都市的15.

centralized中央集权的16.

ideology意识形态17.

maneuver擦略18.

tariff关税19.

immigrant移民20.

institutionalize机构化21.

election选举22.

vote投票23.

officeholding任职24.

veto否决25.

AmericanRevolution美国革命/独立战争26.

IndependenceWar美国独立战争27.

AmericanCivilWar美国内战28.

radical激进的,根本的29.

overturning颠覆性的30.

independent独立的31.

breathtaking激动人心的32.

military军事的33.

colonize拓殖，殖民34.

percapita人均35.

treason叛国36.

conspiracy阴谋37.

imprisonment监禁38.

release释放39.

pardon特赦40.

accusation谴责，指控41.

welfare福利42.

patronage资助，赞助43.

unionization联合，结合

十四、education教育

1.

educator教育家2.

highereducation高等教育3.

moralcharacter道德品质4.

domain领域5.

faculty全体教员6.

alumni校友7.

treasurer生活委员，财务大臣8.

electivesystem选课制度9.

curriculum课程（总称）10.

discipline学科，管理11.

learnbyrote死记硬背

十五、music音乐

1.

musicalinstrument乐器2.

orchestra乐队3.

string弦乐4.

wind管乐5.

shookrattle摇拨浪鼓6.

pounddrum击鼓7.

footbeat点脚，跺脚8.

percussion震荡，打击乐器9.

note音符10.

score乐谱11.

movement乐章12.

fanatical狂热的13.

hillbillymusic乡村音乐14.

folkmusic民间音乐15.

popmusic流行音乐16.

classicalmusic古典音乐17.

Jazz爵士乐

十六、

astronomy天文

1.

astronomy天文学2.

astronomical天文的3.

astronomicalobservatory天文台4.

astronomer天文学家5.

astrophysics天文物理学6.

astrology占星学7.

pseudoscience伪科学8.

cosmos(universe)宇宙9.

cosmology宇宙学10.

infinite无限的11.

cosmic宇宙的12.

cosmicradiation宇宙辐射13.

cosmicrays宇宙射线14.

celestial天的15.

celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体16.

celestialmap(skyatlas)天体图17.

celestialsphere天球18.

dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星19.

quasar类星体，类星射电源20.

constellation星座21.

galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系22.

cluster星团23.

solarsystem太阳系24.

solarcorona日冕25.

solareclipse日食26.

solarradiation太阳辐射27.

planet行星28.

planetoid(asteroid)小行星29.

revolve旋转，绕转30.

twinkle闪烁31.

nakedeye肉眼32.

Mercury水星33.

Venus金星34.

Earth地球35.

Mars火星36.

Jupiter木星37.

Saturn土星