施工现场消防管理（中英双语版） (1)讲解

《施工现场消防管理》FireManagementattheConstructionSite一、

消防基本常识

1.FireProtectionBasics一、消防基本常识1.

Fireprotectionbasics

(1)《消防法》规定消防工作方针：“预防为主，防消结合”。实施时间为1998年9月1日。TheFireProtectionLawstipulatesthepolicyoffirecontrolwork:"preventionfirst,preventionandextinguishingcombined“,whichwasputintoeffectonSeptember1,1998.

(2)“预防为主”-抓三落实：组织上落实；人员上落实；技术上落实。"Preventionfirst"–focusonthreeemphases:implementationonorganizationallevel,personnellevelandtechnicallevel.

(3)“防消结合”-“一手抓防火，一手抓灭火”；“防中有消，消中有防”；防为消作准备，消为防作补充;防可以减少火灾事故的发生，消可以减少火灾发生后的损失降低到最低限度。防消结合-一手抓防火,一手抓灭火;防中有消,消中有防;防为消作准备,消为防作补充;防可以减少火灾事故的发生,消可以减少火灾发生后的损失降低到最低限度Combinationoffirepreventionandextinguishing–putfocusonbothfirepreventionandextinguishing;reflectthethinkingoffireextinguishingintheworkoffirepreventionandviceversa;firepreventionworkpreparesforbetterextinguishingefficacy,whilefireextinguishingworkservesasasupplementedrecourse;preventionworkwillreducethechancesoffireaccidents,whilefireextinguishingworkbringsthelossinfireaccidentstotheminimum.一、

消防基本常识

1.FireProtectionBasics二、施工现场的消防方式

2.Fireprotectionsattheconstructionsites

临时消防设施包括灭火器、临时消防给水系统和临时消防应急照明等。Temporaryfirefightingfacilities:fireextinguishers,temporaryfirewatersupplysystemsandtemporaryfireemergencylighting.

临时消防设施的设置宜与在建工程结构施工保持同步。对于房屋建筑，与主体结构工程施工进度的差距不应超过3层。Firefightingfacilitiesshouldbesetcorrespondingtotheengineeringstructureandworkingrequirementsattheconstructionsite.Inhousingconstructions,alagofnomorethanthreefloorsareallowedbetweentheinstallationoffirefightingfacilitiesandtheconstructionofmajorstructureinprocess.

隧道内的作业场所应配备防毒面具，其数量不应少于预案中确定的需进人隧道内进行灭火救援的人数。Gasmasksarerequiredintunnels,anditsquantityshouldbenolessthanthenumberofpeoplewhoneedtoenterthetunnelforfirefightingandrescueworkasspecifiedbefore.一、

消防基本常识

1.FireProtectionBasics

1.灭火器Extinguisher

(1)施工现场的下列场所应配置灭火器:可燃、易燃物存放及其使用场所;动火作业场所;自备发电机房、配电房等设备用房;施工现场办公、生活用房;其他具有火灾危险的场所。Extinguisherisrequiredinplacesatconstructionsitesasfollowed:placeswherecombustibleandflammablematerialsarestoredandused;hotworkingplace;housegeneratorroom,powerdistributionroomandroomscontainotherequipment;officesinconstructionsitesandlivingroom;Otherplaceswherefiredangerarepossible.

(2)每个部位配置的灭火器数量不应少于2具。灭火器的最大保护距离应符合表13-2的规定。Atleasttwofireextinguishersarerequiredineachplace.ThemaximumprotectiondistanceoffireextinguishersmustmeettherequirementslistedinTable13-2Chart13-2MaximumdistancebetweenextinguishersPlacesrequireextinguishersFirecausedbysolidmaterialsFirecausedbyliquidorgasFirewithelectricshockrisksplaceswherecombustibleandflammablematerialsarestoredandused1599hotworkingplaces1599Placeswhereinflammablegoodsarestoredandused201212housegeneratorroom251515officesinconstructionsitesandlivingroom251515一、

消防基本常识

1.FireProtectionBasics

(3)施工现场因无水源而未设置临时消防给水系统时，每个部位配置的灭火器数量不应少于3具，且单位灭火级别最大保护面积不应大于表13-1规定的2/3。Ifnotemporaryfirewatersupplysystemisinstalledontheconstructionsitebecauseofalackofwatersource,atleastthreefireextinguishersshouldbeinstalledoneachsite,andthemaximumprotectedareaofaunitfire-fightinglevelshouldbenolargerthan2/3asspecifiedinTable13-1

2.消防给水系统2.Firewatersystem

(1)施工现场临时建筑面积大于300㎡或在建工程体积大于20000㎡时，应设置临时室外消防给水系统。当施工现场全部处于市政消火栓的150m保护范围内，且市政消火栓的数量满足室外消防用水量要求时，可不设置临时室外消防给水系统。Temporaryoutdoorfirewatersupplysystemshallbeinstalledwhenthetemporaryconstructionareaisgreaterthan300㎡orthevolumeoftheprojectunderconstructionisgreaterthan20,000㎡.Whentheconstructionsiteiswithintheprotectionscopeof150mofmunicipalfirehydrantsandthenumberofmunicipalfirehydrantsmeetstherequirementsofoutdoorfirewaterconsumption,notemporaryoutdoorfirewatersupplysystemshallbeinstalled

(2)室外消防用水量应按临建区和在建工程临时室外消防用水量的较大者确定，火灾次数可按同时发生1次考虑。

Outdoorfirewaterconsumptionshallbedeterminedbythelargertemporaryoutdoorfirewaterconsumptioninthetemporaryconstructionareaandtheprojectunderconstruction,andthenumberoffirescanbeconsideredastheoccurrenceofonefireatthesametime.一、

消防基本常识

1.FireProtectionBasics(3)施工现场的临时室外消防给水系统设计应符合下列要求:Thedesignoftemporaryoutdoorfirewatersupplysystemattheconstructionsiteshallmeetthefollowingrequirements1)给水管网宜布置成环状。Thefirehoseshouldbearrangedintheshapeofaring2)临时室外消防给水主干管的直径不应小于DN100ThediameteroftemporaryoutdoormainfirehoseshouldbenolessthanDN1003)给水管网末端压力不应小于0.2MPa。Theendpressureofthefirehoseshouldbenolessthan0.2MPa4)室外消火栓沿在建工程、办公与生活用房和可燃、易燃物存放区布置，距在建工程用地红线或临时建筑外边线不应小于5mOutdoorfirehydrantsshallbesetalongtheongoingconstructionproject,officeareaandlivingroomsandstorageofinflammablegoods,andshallbeatleast5metersawayfromtheredlineoftheconstructionsiteortheouterlineofthetemporarybuildings.5)消火栓的间距不应大于120m。Distancebetweenhydrantsshallbenomorethan120m.6)消火栓的最大保护距离不应大于150m。Themaximumprotectiondistanceshallbenomorethan150m.(4)建筑高度大于24m或在建工程(单体)体积超过30000㎡的在建工程施工现场，应设置临时室内消防给水系统。Atemporaryindoorfirewatersupplysystemshallbesetattheconstructionsiteofabuildingwithaheightofmorethan24moraprojectbiggerwiderthan30000㎡一、

消防基本常识

1.FireProtectionBasics

(5)临时室内消防给水系统设计应符合下列规定:Thedesignoftemporaryindoorfirewatersupplysystemshallmeetrequirementsasfollowed:

1)消防竖管的设置位置应便于消防人员取水和操作，其数量不宜少于2根。Thestandpipesshallbesettledonplaceswherefirefighterscanhaveeasyaccesstowaterforfireextinguishing,andshallbenolessthan2.

2)消防竖管的管径应根据消防用水量、竖管给水压力或流速进行计算确定，消防竖管的给水压力不应小于0.2MPa，流量不应小于10L/s。Thediameterofthefirestandpipeshouldbecalculatedanddeterminedaccordingtothewatersupplypressureorflowrateofthefirestandpipe.Thewatersupplypressureofthefirestandpipeshouldnotbelessthan0.2mpaandtheflowrateshouldnotbelessthan10Ls

3)严寒地区可采用干式消防竖管，竖管应在首层靠出口部位设置，便于消防车供水。竖管应设置消防栓快速接口和止回阀，最高处应设置自动排气阀。Dryfirestandpipecanbeusedincoldareas,andthestandpipeshouldbesetneartheexitofthefirstfloor,soastohelpfiretrucksgeteasieraccesstothestandpipe.Thefirestandpipeshouldbeequippedwithafastconnectingoutletandacheckvalve,andaautomaticairvalveisalsorequiredatthetopofthestandpipe.一、

消防基本常识

1.

FireProtectionBasics

(6)建筑高度超过100m的在建工程，应增设楼层高位水箱及高位消防水泵。楼层高位水箱的有效容积不应少于6m³，上下两个高位水箱的高差不应超过100m。Ahigh-levelwatertankandahigh-levelfirepumpshouldbeaddediftheheightofthebuildingexceeds100m.Theeffectivevolumeoftheupperwatertankonthefloorshallbenolessthan6m,andtheheightdifferencebetweentheupperandlowerwatertanksshallnotexceed100m

(7)当外部消防水源不能满足施工现场的临时消防用水要求时，应在施工现场设置临时消防水池。Iftheexternalfirewatersourcefailedtoprovideenoughwaterormeetcertainrequirementsofthetemporarywaterconsumptionontheconstructionsite,atemporaryfirewatertankshouldbesetupontheconstructionsite.

(8)当消防水源的给水压力不能满足消防给水管网的压力要求时，应设置消防水泵。Ifthewatersupplypressureofthefirewatersourcecannotmeetthepressurerequirementsofthefirewaterhose,afirewaterpumpshouldbeinstalled.二、

施工过程重点部位的防火安全措施

2.FireSafetyMeasuresforKeyPartsoftheConstructionProcess

（1）5级(含5级)以上风力时，应停止室外动火作业;动火作业后，应确认无火灾隐患。IncaseofwindforceaboveLevel5(includingLevel5),outdoorfireoperationshallbestopped;whenhotworkisdone,itshouldbeconfirmedthatthereisnofiredanger.

（2）易燃材料存放库房内不宜使用功率大于40W的热辐射照明灯具，可燃材料存放库房内不宜使用功率大于60W的热辐射照明灯具，其他临时建筑内不宜使用功率大于100W的热辐射照明灯具和功率大于3kW的电气设备;热辐射照明灯具与可燃、易燃材料的距离应符合相关规范规定。Heatradiationlightinglampswithapowergreaterthan40Wshouldnotbeusedinthestorehouseforflammablematerials;heatradiationlightinglampswithapowergreaterthan60Wshouldnotbeusedinthestorehouseforcombustiblematerials;heatradiationlightinglampswithapowergreaterthan100Wandelectricalequipmentwithapowergreaterthan3kWshouldnotbeusedinothertemporarybuildings.Thedistancebetweenthermalradiationlightingfixturesandcombustibleandinflammablematerialsshouldcomplywithrelevantregulations.

（3）空瓶和实瓶同库存放时，应分开放置，两者的间距不应小于1.5m;氧气瓶与乙炔瓶的工作间距不应小于5m,气瓶与明火作业的距离不应小于10m;气瓶内的气体严禁用完，瓶内剩余气体的压力不应小于0.1MPa。Whenemptybottlesandsolidbottlesarestoredinthesameplace,thedistanceinbetweenshouldbenolessthan1.5m;

thedistancebetweenaoxygencylinderandaacetylene

cylinderatworkshouldbenolessthan5m,andthedistancebetweengascylinderandanopenfireoperationshouldnotbelessthan10m;

gasincylinderscannotbedepleted,whichmeansthatthepressureoftheremaininggasinthecylindershouldbenolessthan0.1mpa.

三、

施工现场火灾急救措施

3.FireEmergencyMeasuresatConstructionSites一、火灾急救

1.Fireemergen