统考版2022届高考英语选修8Unit22-24课时提能练北师大版

课时提能练（四十三）

选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection（A）

I.阅读理解

A

（2020•绵阳市第一次诊断性考试）Wheatisamainsourceoffoodforpeopleacross

theplanet,accountingforafifthofthecaloriesconsumedglobally.Butasaresult

ofclimatechange,scientistsbelievemostpartsoftheworldwherethecropisgrown

willbehitbywatershortagesbytheendofthecentury.AndtheU.S.couldbeamong

thecountriesworstaffected,theauthorsoftheresearchpublishedinthejournal

ScienceAdvancestoldNewsweek.

Ifclimatechangeisn'tdealtwith,bytheyear2100,60percentofareasthat

growwheatwillbehitbywaterscarcity—upfromthecurrentlevelof15percent,

accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists.

Co-authorsMiroslavTrnkaandSongFengtoldNewsweekthatintheirprevious

research,theyhadshownclimatechangemaycausesoiltobecomelessmoist（湿

润的）acrossmostmainlandU.S.states,includingthosewherewheatisgrown.Asa

result,theU.S.couldbe“oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducersinterms

oftheincreaseinareasaffectedbyseveredroughts,theysaidinajointstatement.

Worryingly,existingresearchhaspredicteda4.0to6.5percentdropinglobal

wheatproductionper1degreeCelsiusofwarmingifclimatechangeisn'teased.And

it'sunlikelythatwheatcanbereplacedifwaterbecomesscarce,asit'snotas

thirstyasothercropsandcandowithoutwaterforarelativelylongperiodoftime.

“Ifmultipleregionsareaffectedbydroughtatthesametime,itmightbe

difficulttomeetthedemandevenifthetraderoutesstayopenandarenotrestricted

bygovernmentalmeasures,“warnedFengandTrnka.However,theysaid,“Studies

showthatifwecontinuouslyimprovethesustainabilityandtechnologiesinthe

comingdecadesandallowforinternationaltrade,wemayovercomethenegative

impactsofclimatechange.”

【语篇解读】科学家认为由于气候变化，到本世纪末，世界上大部分种植小麦的地

区将受到缺水的影响，而如果气候变化得不到缓解，全球小麦的产量将会减少。

1.Howwillclimatechangehurtwheatproduction?

A.Byloweringthetemperature.

B.Byreducingthewatersupply.

C.Bypollutingthesoil.

D.Byfloodingthefield.

B［细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，由于气候变化，小麦种植地将受到缺水的

影响；又根据第四段可知，缺水会影响小麦产量，故选瓦］

2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.WheatproductioncauseddroughtsinmostmainlandU.S.states.

B.TheUnitedStatesisthebiggestwheatproducerintheworld.

C.TheUnitedStateswillsufferalotfromclimatechange.

D.ClimatechangeiscloselywatchedbyAmericanscientists.

C［推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“theU.S.couldbe'oneofthetop

mostaffectedwheatproducersJ,,可推知,美国将在气候变化中受到很大影响，故选C。］

3.Whyiswheatunlikelytobereplacedbyothercropsinadrought?

A.Itistheprimaryfoodformostcountries.

B.Itisnotinfluencedbyglobalwarming.

C.Itiswidelygrowninmostcountries.

D.Itneedslesswaterthanothercrops.

D［细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，小麦不像其他作物那样那么需要水，在

相当长的一段时间内没有水也能生存，因此小麦不太可能被其他作物取代，故选D。］

4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Health.B.Science.

C.Education.D.Entertainment.

B［推理判断题。通读全文可知，这是一篇有关气候变化对小麦产量影响的文章，由

此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的科学版块，故选B。］

B

（2020•“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测）FiressweepingacrosstheAmazon

rainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroups

areworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreaten

biodiversity（生物多样性）.

Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonrainforestisoften

called“thelungsoftheworld”.Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplants

andanimals,and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayan

importantroleintheworld，secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeing

reflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduce

oxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased,mitigatingtheeffectsof

climatechange.

“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople,“ThomasLovejoy,

anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.uTheoverwhelming

threatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere,“hestressed."In

themidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsource

ofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected,"U.N.Secretary

GeneralAntdnioGuterressaid.

DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch（INPE）showthatthenumber

offorestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugust

thisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71,497forestfireswere

registeredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019,upfrom39,194inthe

sameperiodin2018,INPEsaid."WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilian

Amazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast

12months,“CarlosNobre,aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGerman

broadcasterDeutscheWelle.

Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedegradation（恶

化）couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthe

arearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,buttheemergencyhastranscended（超

出）Brazil'sborders,reachingPeruvian,ParaguayanandBolivianregions.

【语篇解读】科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，

威胁生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mitigating“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Increasing.B.Relieving.

C.Ignoring.D.Improving.

B［词义猜测题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮

演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是将热量反射回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存

二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变

化带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。］

6.WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAnt6nio,swords?

A.Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.

B.Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.

C.Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.

D.Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.

B［推理判断题。根据第三段中Thomas所说的话uAnyforestdestroyedisathreat

tobiodiversityandpeople”以及Ant6nio所说的话“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimate

crisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity

可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威胁，AntGnio认为在全球气

候危机的情况下，我们承担不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源（即亚马逊雨林）被更多破坏的

后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严重的后果。故选B。］

【干扰项分析】根据上述分析可知，两人并没有强调生物多样性成就了雨林的独特

性，故A项表述错误。

7.WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?

A.Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.

B.Toshowthereasonforforestfires.

C.Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.

D.Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.

D［推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的"thenumberofforestfiresinBrazil

quicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazon

rainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent可推知，第四段列举数字是

为了说明，亚马逊雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积减少了一些。故选D。］

8.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.

B.Theforestareasareonthedecline.

C.”Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.

D.Theworld，secosystemisunderattack.

C［主旨大意题。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将

加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性；第二至第五段介绍了亚马逊雨林火灾对生物多样性以

及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知c

项符合题意。］

II.完形填空

（2020,兰州市高三诊断考试）1wasstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirls

astheythrewpaperandhowled（大声叫喊）withlaughter.Theywouldn't［me-I

was23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto2,Iwantedtobe

awriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon,theywereshortofteachers,notwriters.

Myeffortstoteachwere3,Whenthebellfinallyrang,Irushedtothestaff

room,redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren,t4,"That's4B,theworstclass

inschool,“onesaid.

Idreaded（害怕）ournext立,butIcouldn,tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So,

Igformallessons.Instead,Ibrought7forclassdiscussions.Oneofthe

liveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaid

attentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas8.SoIhadthemwriteabout

themselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewent

on,theiressaysbecamea9betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor,toughnessand

insight,andIthoughtthey10myinterestintheirlives.

ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd,buttheyhadneverseen

a11stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd,

butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.Theythought

Iwas12.Noteacherhadever13takingthemout.Afewweekslater,4Band

Iweresittingina14»Theylovedthemusic,thecostumesandthecharacters.It

wasthe15oftheiryear,andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.

Neartheendofthesemester,someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.The

twomostrebellious（叛逆的）girlsin4Bwerethere一withflowers.Iwasproudto

knowIhad16theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith17.

WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater,1stillwantedtobe

a18.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Istopped19andstartedwriting.Myfirst

storywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe20ofmywritingcareer；

itwasthebeginning.

【语篇解读】“我”想做一名作家，但是伦敦缺的是教师，于是“我”做了一名教

师。由于带了全校最差的班级，开始时“我”不知所措。后来“我”改变了常规的授课方式,

鼓励学生们写自己经历的故事，带她们去欣赏音乐剧。“我”的行为触动了她们的内心……

1.A.listentoB.hearabout

C.catchupwithD.takecareof

A［根据上文可知，这些女生扔纸并大声谈笑；根据下文可知，23岁的“我”不知所

措；据此可以判断，这些女生不听我讲话；A项意为“听……”，故A项正确。］

2.A.communicateB.teach

C.discussD.work

B［根据下文可知，“我”想要当一名作家；上文提到，对这群在教室里高声谈笑的

女生“我”一筹莫展，据此可以推知，“我”不打算教学，B项意为“教学”，故B项正确。］

3.A.successfulB.persistent

C.unforgettableD.hopeless

D［根据下文可知，我气得脸都红了，同事告诉我说这个班是最差的班；据此可以推

知，我感到努力毫无希望；D项意为“绝望的”，故D项正确。］

4.A.embarrassedB.happy

C.surprisedD.worried

C［根据后句可知，其中一个老师告诉我说，4B班是全校最差的班级；据此可以推知，

对于这种情况，其他老师并不感到奇怪；C项意为“觉得奇怪的”，故C项正确。］

5.A.appointmentB.meeting

C.taskD.performance

B［根据上文可知，班里的女生高声谈笑不听“我"讲话，据此可以推知，“我”害

怕和她们再次见面，B项意为“见面”，故B项正确。］

6.A.abandonedB.designed

C.tookD.hated

A［根据后句中的“forclassdiscussions"可知，“我”放弃了常规教学，以班级

讨论的方式取代；A项意为“放弃”，故A项正确。］

7.A.papersB.rewards

C.topicsD.assistants

C［根据该句中的“brought”，并结合语境可知，“我”准备了班级讨论的话题；C

项意为“话题”，故C项正确。］

8.A.fascinatedB.disappointed

C.puzzledD.relaxed

A［根据后句可知，“我”让她们写下她们的故事；据此可以推知，“我”对她们的

讨论很入迷；A项意为“入迷的”，故A项正确。］

9.A.dealB.bridge

C.guideD.secret

B［根据该句中的“betweenus”并结合语境可知，这些文章成了“我”和她们之间

联系的桥梁；B项意为“桥梁”，故B项正确。］

10.A.praisedB.understood

C.ignoredD.appreciated

D［根据上文可知，“我”欣赏她们的幽默、坚强和洞察力；结合该句中的“my

interestintheirlives"可以推知，“我”认为她们也会感谢“我”对她们生活的关注;

D项意为“感谢，感激”，故D项正确。］

11.A.goodB.familiar

C.famousD.live

D［根据该句中的"but"及后一句"Theylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromthe

WestEnd...there"可知，尽管她们的住处离伦敦西区很近，但是她们没有看到过现场表演；

D项意为“现场演出的"，故D项正确。］

12.A.lyingB.guessing

C.jokingD.promising

C［根据后句中的"Noteacherhadever”可知，没有老师带她们出去过；据此可以

推知，当“我”问她们是否要去看现场表演时，她们认为“我”在开玩笑，故C项正确。］

13.A.admittedB.disliked

C.mindedD.suggested

D［根据上文中的"Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical"可知，"我”提

议她们出去看音乐剧；结合该句中的“takingthemout"可知，之前没有老师提议带她们

出去，D项意为“提议”，故D项正确。］

14.A.bookstoreB.theater

C.libraryD.classroom

B［根据上文中的“Iaskedif...themusical"可知，“我”提议她们出去欣赏音

乐剧；结合该句中的“4BandIweresittingin”可以推知,数周后的一天,“我”和她

们坐在了一家剧院里；B项意为“剧院”，故B项正确。］

15.A.highlightB.goal

C.storyD.achievement

A［根据该句中的“andtheytalkedaboutitfordays”可知，她们谈论了几天时

间；据此可以推知，这是她们一年中最精彩的一天；A项意为“最精彩的部分”,故A项正

确。］

16.A.foundB.touched

C.createdD.saved

B［根据前句可知，有两位最叛逆的女生拿着花来到教员的办公室，结合上文叙述的

“我”和她们欣赏音乐剧可以推知，“我”触及了她们的生活，B项意为“触及"o］

17.A.colleaguesB.parents

C.teenagersD.players

C［根据该句中的“andgettingalongwith”，并结合上文叙述的"我"骄傲地得

知“我”触及了她们的生活可以推知，“我”喜欢上了教学，和青少年们相处融洽；C项意

为“青少年”，故C项正确。］

18.A.teacherB.writer

C.performerD.listener

B［根据第一段倒数第二句"Iwantedtobeawriter”可知，我想要当一名作家；

结合后句中的"startedwriting"可知，“我”开始写作；据此可以推知，“我”仍然想

要做一名作家，故B项正确。］

19.A.dreamingB.hesitating

C.travellingD.learning

A［根据该句中的“startedwriting"，并结合语境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想,

而是真正开始写作；A项意为“想象，梦想”，故A项正确。］

20.A.ideaB.part

C.endD.plan

C［根据该句中的“itwasthebeginning"可知，教学是“我”写作的开始，据此

可知，空处与句中的“beginning”对应，表示“终结”,故C项正确。］

课时提能练（四十四）

选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection（B）

I.阅读理解

A

（2020•江西金太阳联考）Burningcoaltoprovideenergyaddsplanet-warming

carbondioxide,orC02,toEarth'satmosphere.Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarn

thatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions（排放）willnotbeenoughtoavoid

possiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.C02mustalsobeobliteratedfromthe

atmosphere,theysay.

ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveC02directlyfromtheairaretoo

costlytobewidelyused.ButanewreportfromtheU.S.NationalAcademyofSciences,

EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon-removaltechnologyalreadyexists.

Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.

Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsare

cost-effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.Forests

usedtocovermuchoftheAppalachianMountainsintheeasternUnitedStates.In

thestateofWestVirginia,akindofminingknownasstripmining（露天开采）left

thelandtherebare,withouttrees.Nowexpertsareworkingtobringbacktheforests

thatoncecoveredmuchofthestate.

WestVirginia'sMonongahelaNationalForestishometoararegroupoftrees.

Theyarecalledvirgin（原始的）woods;theyhaveneverbeentouchedbyhumans.Shane

Jones,abiologistwiththeU.S.ForestService,saysthetreesthereweremissed

bymistakewhenthesurroundingforestwascutdownforwoodmanyyearsago.That

mistaketurnedouttobeagoodthing;redspruce（云杉）forestssuchasthosein

theMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereand

lockingitintothesoil.

Expertssay,natureofferspowerfultoolstofightclimatechange.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。燃烧煤导致了大量的能引起温室效应的二氧化碳排

放到了大气中，仅仅是减少二氧化碳的排放并不足以避免全球气候变暖带来的灾难。现有的

实验阶段的去除二氧化碳的机器又太贵，无法大面积普及使用。还好一项新的研究表明，有

效又经济的去除二氧化碳的办法已经存在，那就是森林。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obliterated”meaninParagraph1?

A.Prevented.B.Cleared.

C.Produced.D.Stored.

B［词义猜测题。由划线句子上一句"Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthat

simplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions（排放）willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossibly

disastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.（随着地球变暖，专家警告说仅仅是减少二氧化碳

的排放并不足以避免全球气候变暖带来的灾难。）”可推知，划线词所在句意为“二氧化碳

必须从空气中移除”。划线单词也与下段首句"Existingexperimentalmachinesthat

removeC02directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.（现有的直接从

空气中移除二氧化碳的实验机器太贵，无法广泛使用。）”中的remove呼应。Prevented阻

止，阻碍；Cleared移走，清除；Produced生产，制造；Stored贮藏，保存。故选B。］

2.What'stheadvantageofforestscomparedwiththeexistingexperimental

machines?

A.Theyreleasemoreoxygen.

B.TheyclearmoreCO2.

C.Theysavemoremoney.

D.TheyabsorbCO2faster.

C［细节理解题。由第二段中的"ButanewreportfromtheU.S.NationalAcademy

ofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon-removaltechnology

alreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.（美国国

家科学、工程和医学院的一项新报告表明，有效的去除二氧化碳的技术已经存在。它花费不

高，甚至不是复杂的科学。它就是森林。）”可知，与现有的实验机器相比，森林的好处是

省钱。故选C。］

3.WhydoestheauthormentionWestVirginiainParagraph3?

A.Toprovetheplaceisunsuitableforhumansurvival.

B.Tostressplantingtreesispracticalforcleanair.

C.Toindicatetreesaredifficulttoliveonsuchpoorsoil.

D.Toshowpeopleinthestatearenowlivingahardlife.

B［推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesand

overseeingforestsarecost-effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwell

acrosslargear6as.（研究显示，植树造林是划算的清理空气的方法。它们也适合大面枳的

使用。）”可知，本段中的举例是为证明用植树造林来清理空气是切实可行的。故选B。］

4.Whatcanweknowabouttheredsprucetrees?

A.TheycanonlybefoundinMonongahelaNationalForest.

B.Theyweregiventhenamevirginwoodsforbeauty.

C.Theywerecutdownforwoodbyfarmers.

D.Theycouldstorecarbondioxideinthesoil.

D［细节理解题。由第四段中的"redspruce（云杉）forestssuchasthoseinthe

MonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereandlocking

itintothesoil（像莫农加希拉的这些云杉在吸收空气中的二氧化碳，并将它们锁在土壤

内这些方面是极其有效的）”可知，云杉能将二氧化碳储存在土壤中。故选D。］

B

（2020,威海模拟）A2018reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathird

to2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself,thrown-awayfood

generatesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.

Homedeliverymealkits（盒）canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds,

butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentally

friendly.

Tailor-mademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsof

freshingredients（烹饪原料）forchosenrecipes,meaningleftoversareminimized.But

whilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste,buyingthesamefood

ingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecause

mealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehave

mealsthataretailoredforconsumption,theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.

Theyline-lunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.

Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions（排放）ifpeoplegotothesupermarket

lessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper,

theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarry

mealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplaced

withonetrucktrip.

However,studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero,

theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthe

supermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.

Thepackagingisakillerifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway,whichcanmakeall

theenvironmentalbenefitslost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused,ifit'sglass

bottles,likeintheolddays,wecangetsomebenefits.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。套餐可以减少食物浪费，但包装是个问题。家庭

送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加

环保。

5.Whatcanwelearnabouthomedeliverymealkits?

A.Theycancutdownondailyexpenses.

B.Theywilltotallysolvetheproblemoffoodwaste.

C.Theycankeepenergyconsumptiontoaminimum.

D.Theywillbenefittheenvironmentwithreusablepackaging.

D［细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Homedeliverymealkits（盒）canreducefood

wastebymorethantwo-thirds（家庭送餐包可以减少三分之二的食物浪费）”可知可利用

的包装对环保有益。故选D。］

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fine-tune“inParagraph3mean?

A.Attach.B.Adjust.

C.Raise.D.Compare.

B［词义猜测题。第三段主要讲述量身定制餐会降低浪费。根据画线句"They

fine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.（人们可以根据将要吃

多少来调整食物数量。”'可知，fine-tune意为“调节，调整”，故选B。］

7.Theauthorsuggestscarryingmealswithadeliverytruckto.

A.reducetransportemissions

B.savemorefood

C.shoponlyinthesupermarket

D.shortencartripdistances

A［推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions（排

放）ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuch

goodsassoapandtoiletpaper,theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleof

months.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.So

dozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.99可知餐盒可以减少交通

排放，运送卡车可以一次给小区很多人送餐饭，减少交通排放。故选A。］

8.What'stheauthor，sattitudetomealkits?

A.Supportive.B.Unfavorable.

C.Objective.D.Indifferent.

C［推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymeal

kitsreducedfoodwastetozero,theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthan

buyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkit

packagingwascutbyafifth.”可知研究表明外卖饭盒比超市买食物会耗费更多的能源，

再根据最后一句"Butifthepackagingcanbereused,ifit'sglassbottles,likein

theolddays,wecangetsomebenefits.（但是如果这些包装能够被再利用，对我们还是

会有一些益处的。）”可推出作者对饭盒的使用是客观的态度。故选C。］

H.阅读七选五

（2020•济宁冲刺卷）

HealthySee,HealthyDo

Visitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehome

withafewthingsyoudidnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseof

additionalpurchases.Thelocationofstoredisplays（摆放）alsoinfluencesour

shoppingchoices.1

Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.Studieshavefoundthat

theproductsmostcommonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.2A2012study

intheNetherlandsfoundthathospitalworkersweremorelikelytogiveupjunkfood

forhealthysnackswhenthelatterweremorereadilyavailableoncanteenshelves,

forexample.In2014NorwegianandIcelandicresearchersalsofoundthatreplacing

unhealthyfoodswithhealthyonesinthecheckoutareasignificantlyincreased

last-minutesalesofhealthierfoods.

3Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethem

toorderandpromotenutritiousfoods."Weknowthatthestoresarefullofcues

（暗示）meanttoencourageconsumption,“saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientist

atthedepartment,“Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadto

increasedsalesofthoseproducts.

Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity，s

crowdedurbancheckoutareas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfortheir

ownstudy.4Thentheyrecordedpurchasesoversixthree-hourperiodsineach

storefortwoweeks.

Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanything

fromthecheckoutarea.Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylines

purchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardlines.

5_ThesefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutritionEducation

andBehavior.