新教材2024版高中英语Unit10ConnectionsPartEGrammar-过去时的被动语态学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册

PartEGrammar——过去时的被动语态1．被动语态的概念语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者时，为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，为被动语态。即学即练1完成句子①Thebook________________________(已经借出去了)whenIgottothelibrary.②He________________________________(被讪笑)byallpeoplearoundhim.③Twopaintingsdisplayedinthegallery________________________(被卖出)yesterday.④Severalfactories________________________________(在郊区被建立)beforeaschoolwassetup.2．被动语态的构成(1)被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过助动词be表现出来。Manytreeswereplantedonthehillyesterday.昨天山上种了很多树。①现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋及物动词的过去分词Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltinourschool.我们学校正在建一栋新的教学楼。②含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinnow.你的家庭作业必需现在上交。(2)过去时包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时，其被动语态分述如下：①一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词Quiteafewmasterpiecespaintedbythefamouspainterweredisplayedinthegallerylastweek.这位闻名画家画的很多杰作上周在美术馆里展出了。②过去进行时：was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.那时我们城市正在建一座新工厂。③过去将来时：a．would/should＋be＋及物动词的过去分词b．was/were＋goingtobe＋及物动词的过去分词Theytoldusthattheconflictwouldbesettledsoonandtheplanwouldbecarriedoutasplanned.他们告知我们，冲突将很快得到解决，支配将按支配执行。Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.他认为你的表一小时后就会被修。④过去完成时：had＋been＋及物动词的过去分词Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.他说在这座城市里已经建了一些新工厂。即学即练2把主动语态改为被动语态①Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→I_______________________________________________onmybirthday(bymyfather).→Anewbook__________________________________________________onmybirthday(bymyfather).②Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputeryesterday.→I__________________________________________________________yesterday(bymyfather).→Anewcomputer___________________________________________________________yesterday(bymyfather).[误区警示]①“get＋及物动词的过去分词”表被动。指主语遭受变更或不好的事务。Hegotcaughtintherainlastnight.他昨晚被雨淋了。②动词带有双宾语时，可把其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语照旧保留在谓语后面，变为被动句主语的通常是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.他妈妈送给他一件生日礼物。→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.(也可改Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.)③当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Themanagerfoundacooksmokinginthecanteenandfiredhimonthespot.经理发觉一个厨师在食堂抽烟，当场解雇了他。＝Acookwasfoundsmokinginthecanteenbythemanagerandwasfiredonthespot.一个厨师被经理发觉在食堂抽烟，当场被解雇了。④在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear,feel,observe等后用不定式作宾语补足语时，to通常省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.有人望见一个生疏人走进那栋大楼。→Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding(bysomeone).⑤有些由“动词＋介词/副词”构成的动词词组，也可用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词不能省略。MysisterwastakencareofbyGrandmawhenmyparentswentouttowork.我父母出去工作时，我妹妹由奶奶照看。⑥“It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句/todosth.”是固定句型：Sinceitisbelievedthatstrongsmellscanaffectthesenses,volunteersarerequirednottoeatordrinkforeighthoursbeforetheexperiment.因为人们信任猛烈的气味会影响感官，所以志愿者们被要求在试验前八小时内不能进食或饮水。即学即练3单句语法填空①Dianacouldn'tmoveintohernewhouseasit________(decorate).②Theteachersaidthatwe________(give)anotherchancesometimethenextmonthifwefailedintheexam.③Theysaidgreatchanges________(take)placeinmyvillageandsomefactories________(set)upsince2015.④She________(praise)forherfineworkintheYouthLeague.⑤Hetoldmethatanewstadium________(build)andit________(finish)thenextyear.⑥Afterthey________(seat),thefatherfoundafriendandwentouttogreethim.⑦Manybeautifulcherrytrees________(plant)outsidethegrocerylastyearandtheyareboomingnow.⑧Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiod________(finish).⑨Thenews________(release)lastFridayanddrewalotofattention.⑩Themediareportedmorethan1，000people________(kill)intheearthquake.Ⅰ.单词语法填空1．Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe________(follow).2．ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptures________(paint)arainbowofstrikingcolours.3．Jonesgottheideaafterhehadtalkedwithanelderlyladywho________(cheat)ofhermoney.4．Ratherthangetting________(catch)upinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有怜悯心)response?5．Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreenthey________(reward)withsevendropsofwaterorjuice...6．Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals________(install)by2024fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.7．Iliterallycriedwhenwereacheditanditwashis!Everyoneinourparty________(blow)awaybythis“miracle(奇迹)”．8．Steamengines________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.9．Aboutonemonthafterthisphoto________(take),Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.10．Onemustknowhowoneobject________(make)inordertopreserveit.Ⅱ.完成句子1．她得到充分的激励去尝试新事物。________________________________everyencouragementtotrysomethingnew.2．此外，有人曾经认为铅可以变成黄金。Additionally,itwasoncethoughtthatlead________________________________．3．据报道因为这次冲突，已有数人被捕。Itwasreportedthat________________________________________becauseoftheconflict.4．当我们进入糕饼店时，机器的发动机正在被一个老工人修理。Whenwecameintothebakery,theengineofthemachine________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.5．在一个故事被讲解并描述时，常常有人擦擦眼泪或略微地笑一下。Somebodywipedatearawayorsmiledgentlyfrequentlyas________________________________________________________________________.PartE过去时的被动语态即学即练1①hadbeenlent②was/islaughed