暑假作业 04 选择性必修四重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习（原卷版）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高二英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间：月日天气：暑假作业04选择性必修四重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习一、重点单词1._____________n.薪水；薪金2._____________n.谣言；传闻3._____________vt.&vi.假设；假定4._____________n.车费；船费；飞机票价5._____________adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的6._____________vt.&vi.紧握；抓紧7._____________adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的8._____________adj.随机的；不可思议的9._____________adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n.总理；首相10._____________adj.坦率的；简单的11._____________n.标语；口号12._____________n.部长；大臣；外交使节13._____________vi.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲14._____________n.自由15._____________n.阶段；时期16._____________n.一场；一段时间；会议17._____________n.巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点18._____________vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利19._____________vt.看；看见20._____________n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛21._____________adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的22._____________vt.对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款23._____________vt.开发；利用；剥削24._____________vt.把……载入正式记录；记录n.正式记录；日志；原木25._____________n.杂草；野草vt.&vi.除杂草26._____________n.校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的27._____________n.握手28._____________n.情况；信息；投入；输入vt.输入29._____________n.曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道30._____________vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约31._____________vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人32._____________vi.&vt.企盼；祈祷33._____________n.(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则35._____________n.抽屉36._____________n.密探；间谍vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见；发现37._____________vt.&vi.主管；指导；监督38._____________n.油煎的食物vt.&vi.油炸；油炒；油煎39._____________n.钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)40._____________n.笼子vt.关在笼子里二、重点单词变形1.appointvt.任命；委任→_____________adj.约定的；指定的→_____________n.预约；约会；委任2.guiltn.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行→_____________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的3.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→_____________n.公告；宣言4.dividevt.分割；分配；除以→_____________n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)；部门，处5.urgen.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→_____________adj.紧急的；紧迫的；催促的；急切的→_____________n.紧迫；急迫；急事；紧要6.explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破vi.(感情的)爆发→_____________n.爆炸；爆破(声)7.mudn.泥；泥浆→_____________adj.泥泞的8.foundvt.成立；建立→_____________n.创建者；缔造者→_____________n.创建；基础；地基；基金会9.politicsn.政治→_____________adj.政治的→_____________n.政客，政治家10.locatevt.找出……的位置→_____________adj.位于→_____________n.地方；位置11.freeadj.免费的；自由的→_____________n.自由；不受……影响的状态12.distributevt.分布；分配；分发→_____________n.分布；分配；分发13.frequentadj.频繁的；常见的→_____________adv.常常；频繁地→_____________n.发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率14.violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→_____________n.暴力；暴行；激情15.biologyn.生理；生物学→_____________adj.生物学的；生物的→_____________n.生物学家16.capableadj.有能力的；有才干的→_____________n.能力；容量17.extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→_____________adj.广泛的；广阔的；大量的→_____________n.延伸；扩大；延期18.negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商→_____________adj.可协商的→_____________n.谈判；协商19.professionn.职业；行业→_____________adj.专业的；职业上的n.专业人员→_____________n.教授；教师20.mixvt.&vi.混合；调配→_____________n.混合；结合体；混合物21.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→_____________n.掌声22.migratevi.迁徙；移居→_____________n.迁移；迁徙；移居23.murdervt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀→_____________n.杀人犯；杀人凶手24.mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→_____________adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→_____________adj.残忍的；无情的25.possessvt.拥有；具有；支配→_____________n.[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制26.dustn.沙土；灰尘vi.&vt.擦灰→_____________adj.布满灰尘的27.chemicaladj.化学的n.化学物质→_____________n.化学→_____________n.化学家；药剂师；药房28.ripeadj.成熟的；时机成熟的→_____________vi.&vt.成熟；使成熟29.privilegen.优惠待遇；特权→_____________adj.有特权的；受特别优待的30.disablevt.使失去能力；使残废→_____________adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→_____________n.缺陷；障碍；残疾31.lateadj.&adv.迟；晚；接近末期→_____________adv.最近；不久前；近来→_____________adj.最新的32.consultvi.&vt.咨询；请教→_____________n.顾问→_____________n.咨询；咨询会33.stableadj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→_____________adv.稳定地→_____________n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)34.lawn.法律→_____________n.律师35.participatevi.参与；参加→_____________n.参与；参加→_____________n.参与者；参加者36.detectvt.察觉；发现；探测→_____________n.侦探；警探→_____________n.察觉；发现37.accountn.账户；账目→_____________n.会计；会计师38.justadj.公正的；正义的；合理的→_____________n.公平；公正；合理39.greedn.贪心；贪欲→_____________adj.贪婪的；贪心的→_____________adv.贪心地；贪婪地；贪吃地40.socialadj.社会的；交际的；社交的→_____________n.社会；社团→_____________adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者41.dedicatevt.把……奉献给→_____________adj.献身的；专心致志的→_____________n.献身；奉献42.prioradj.先前的；较早的；优先的→_____________n.优先事项；首要的事；优先43.financen.资金；财政；金融vt.提供资金→_____________adj.金融的；财政的44.receiptn.收据；接收→_____________n.接待处；欢迎会→_____________n.接待员45.employvt.雇用→_____________n.雇主；老板→_____________n.雇员→_____________n.雇用；就业三、重点短语1.___________________检验；测试2.___________________更像是；更接近3.___________________根据；以……的方式(基准)4.___________________事物的利与弊；支持与反对5.___________________比……更好；更胜一筹6.___________________占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7.___________________与……冲突或抵触8.___________________关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9.___________________(逐渐)减少；消失10.___________________有强烈的欲望做某事11.___________________一群(羊或鸟)12___________________少数人(或物)；一把(的量)13.___________________被称为是……14.___________________迫不及待做某事15.___________________共同努力做某事16.___________________向……告别17.___________________追溯到18.___________________舒适，自在19.___________________捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；(开车)接某人20.___________________偶然遇到21.___________________起航；开航22.___________________独领风骚23.___________________退出；撤回24.___________________在手头；可供使用25.___________________从科学角度看26.___________________作为对……的回报27.___________________突然28.___________________把……区分开29.___________________在……的指挥下30.___________________设法到达31.___________________齐声；异口同声32.___________________更不用说；且不说33.___________________认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视34.___________________转达给……；转发给……35.___________________但愿36.___________________渴望做某事37.___________________有很大影响38.___________________需要39.___________________前几天40.___________________适应41.___________________蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去42.___________________起步前的优势43.___________________抽屉柜44.___________________得出结论45.___________________关怀；照料；处理46.___________________对……有热情47.___________________回顾，回想48.___________________帮助……摆脱(困境)49.___________________总之50.___________________为了……起见四、重点句型1.句型公式：全部倒装这座城市的西面有一座古庙，里面完好保存着许多古籍。_________________________________inwhichmanyancientbooksarewellpreserved.2.句型公式：more...than...当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。Shewas_________________________________whenherlittlesonliedtoheragain.3.句式解读：修辞之明喻它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。Itmurmuredinasoftvoice_________________________________.4.句型公式：what引导主语从句我能够保证的是我将组织一些校际活动，以提高学生的竞争意识。_________________________________Iwillorganizesomeactivitiesbetweenuniversitiestoraisestudents’awarenessofcompetition.5.句型公式：动词不定式作目的状语为了丰富《高中生》的内容，我们决定添加一个有关高中生生活的栏目。_________________________________ofSeniorMiddleSchoolStudents，wedecidedtoaddacolumnaboutthelifeofseniormiddleschoolstudents.6.句型公式：Therebe...＋定语从句众所周知，在中国有很多传统节日，其中一些是有代表性的。Asweallknow，__________________________________________________________________.7.句型公式：Theaimistodo...目的是……这次活动的目的是增强我们保护文化遗产的意识。Theaimoftheactivityis__________________________________________________________________.8.句型公式：Thereisaneedtodosth有必要做某事全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的一大威胁，迫切需要尽一切努力来对抗全球变暖。(2022·全国甲卷)__________________________________________________________________，whichhasbecomeagreatthreattoseacreatures.9.句型公式：sothat引导目的状语从句然后我可以抽出一些时间再学习功夫，这样我们就可以每天一起练习了。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)ThenIcansparesometimeto_________________________________togethereveryday.10.句型公式：since引导原因状语从句由于我有许多教学经验，我可以胜任这项工作。_________________________________，Icanbefitforthejob.11.句型公式：bedoing...when...正在做某事突然……我正在上网搜索相关信息我的手机突然响了。__________________________________________________________________mycellphonerang.12.句型公式：Idoubtwhether...我怀疑是否……说实在的，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。Tobehonest，I_________________________________intwodays.13.句型公式：wish后的虚拟语气我希望将来有机会去北京深造。IwishI_________________________________forfurtherstudyinthefuture.14.句型公式：Thisisbecause...目前，许多人学汉语，这是因为中国在世界上正扮演着日益重要的角色。Atpresent，thereareanumberofpeoplelearningChineseand_________________________________________.15.句型公式：thereisnopoint(in)doingsth一旦他下定决心，说服他改变主意就没有意义了。Oncehehasmadeuphismind，__________________________________________________.一、结合语境运用单词1.Thechairwomanhasdeclaredthat100workerswillbe___________解雇)nextweek.2.Inthepractice，wecanexperiencethevalueof___________(劳动)andexposeourselvestoawiderangeofpracticalskills.(2022·烟台市适应性练习一)3.DesperateasDerekwas，hetooksomesoapsand___________(拿来)thejacketsecretlytothesinkwithJaney.4.Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults，___________(然而；但是)othersdonot.5.MymainreasonforsubscribingtoNewScientististokeepthe_______(步伐；节奏)ofadvancesinscience.6.Itwassomuchfunwhenwetogetherenjoyedthe___________(宏大的)parade.(2022·浙江1月卷)7.Maryworkedhereasa___________(临时的)secretaryandendedupgettingafull-timejobinthecompany.8.Learningthathewilldropoutofschoolforlackofmoney，I’mdeterminedto___________(赞助)hiseducation.9.The___________(纪念碑)isinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry.10.Themuseumwasfoundedin2003bythe___________(共同的)effortsoflocalauthoritiesandPicasso’sheirs.11.Police___________(逮捕；拘留)fiveyoungmeninconnectionwithoneoftheattacksmonthsago.12.Quietandlonelyashewas，heneverfeltlikehe___________(增强信任关系)withanyoftheotherstudents.13.Hetoldsomefascinating___________(故事)abouthislifeinIndia，whichgreatlyattractedtheaudience.14.___________(与此同时)，alltheaudienceweretouchedbyhisperseverancedeeplyandapplaudedwarmly.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)15.Thelatestnewsrevealedthatthegeneral___________(撤退)assoonasthecrisisended.16.Theradioprogramprovidesagood___________(平台)forthestudentstosharetheirschoollife.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)17.Myparents___________(拖；拽)meintothestupidmovie.Iwasseizedbyboredom.(情感描写)18.Iwanderedunderthe___________(阴凉处)ofamaple，watchingbutterfliesflyinglazilysouthward.19.After___________(辞职)fromthecompany，thedisabledmantooksomebookstothepostofficeand___________(邮寄)themtohisfriend.20.Thescientistmadegreatcontributions，sohe___________(值得)givingsomanyawards.21.Notonlycanwelearnresponsibilitybutwecanalso___________(获得)manylifeskillsfromit.22.Theyoungwomaninchargeofanonlineshopwas___________(指控)ofcheatingthecustomers.23.MrWang，anartteacherinourschool，isfamousforhis___________(书法).24.Whatmadehimhappywasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlastpaidoffallhis___________(债务).二、结合语境运用短语1.Itisnecessarythatweweighthe______________ofincludingEnglishwordsinChinesedictionaries.2.He______________tobeguiltyofhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.3.Theviewfromthepeakofthemountainwaswonderfulandourtiredness______________.4.Helenwaschosenforthejobbecauseshewas______________anyothercandidate.5.IholdthefirmbeliefthatMarywastheidealpersonto______________thejob.6.IwassearchingforsomeinformationonlinewhenI______________asocialnetworkingsite.7.Thenheopenedoneofhisbagsandgaveme______________freshlypickedcherries.8.Iamwonderingwhetheryoucan________him________attheairportatyourconvenience.9.It’sreallyhardformeto______________you，andI’mquitegratefultoyouforyourhelpwithmyEnglishlearning.10.Theyhaveastraightforwardandfree-and-easyattitudetowardslife，andtheirfriendlinessandwarmthmademe______________whereverIwent.11.IwishIcoulddosomething______________thekindnessIhavereceivedfromhim.12.Soonaftertheship______________，aterriblestormblewup.13.Withlotsoffoodanddrink______________，theysetofffortheirpicnic.14.Whenitcomestoping-pong，Chineseplayersare______________.15.______________theofficer，theysucceededindefeatingtheenemy.16.______________，across-countryracewasheldwiththepurposeofhelpingusbuildupstrength.17.Sincethen，shehasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish，______________chemistry.18.Shewrinkledherforeheadandgotconfusedandworriedbytheaccident，______________hisfatherwouldbeallright.19.Nomatterwhathappened，hewould______theinformation_____hiscommander.20.Asweallknow，deedsaremuchbetterthanwordswhenpeopleare______________help.21.Withseveralideas______________inhishead，thechemistcouldn’tdecidewhichonetochoose.22.Ihadanurgentthingto______________.That’swhyIdidn’tattendyourbirthdayparty.23.Judgingbyhiswords，I______________thathewasinfavourofourplan.24.Shesucceededingivingupsmoking______________herhealth.25.Agoodeducationgivesyourchilda______________inlife.三、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Heperformedperfectlyinthespeechcontestandan_________(explode)ofapplausecameoutoftheaudience.2.Ifeel_________(guilt)forteasingtheinnocentchildwhofelloveronthe_________(mud)track.3.Ihavebeentoldthatourdonatedbooks_________(distribute)toeachstudentassoonaspossible.4.What’smore，basketballhighlights_________(join)efforts，whichshapeusintobetterindividualswithgoodteamspirit.5.Themanofintegritygotinvolvedinthe_________(politics)activity，whichmadehimapowerfulfigureinChineseculture.6.Itisdeclaredthatthemapclearlyshowsthe_________(distribute)ofthisspeciesacrosstheworld.7.Theexhibition_________(sponsor)byseveralfamouscompaniesturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.8.Shegivesmethe_________(free)tomakemistakesandtolearnfromthemall.(2021·全国乙卷)9.Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthow_________(frequent)eachofyouwantstobecon