![新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartEGrammar-形容词和短语介词学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册_第1页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M00/2A/37/wKhkGWZ_kYqAEuxKAAKJr62SE84709.jpg)
![新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartEGrammar-形容词和短语介词学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册_第2页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M00/2A/37/wKhkGWZ_kYqAEuxKAAKJr62SE847092.jpg)
![新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartEGrammar-形容词和短语介词学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册_第3页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M00/2A/37/wKhkGWZ_kYqAEuxKAAKJr62SE847093.jpg)
![新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartEGrammar-形容词和短语介词学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册_第4页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M00/2A/37/wKhkGWZ_kYqAEuxKAAKJr62SE847094.jpg)
![新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartEGrammar-形容词和短语介词学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册_第5页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view14/M00/2A/37/wKhkGWZ_kYqAEuxKAAKJr62SE847095.jpg)
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
PartEGrammar——形容词和短语介词一、形容词1.形容词的概念(1)形容词表示事物的形态、性质和状态等。如大、高、细致、生动、漂亮、精明、可爱、冰凉、初级、高级、简洁、困难等。(2)形容词是一种主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词的词类,可以用来表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性,常用作定语,也可作表语、补语或状语。(3)形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前,并且多数形容词有比较等级。2.形容词的句法功能(1)作定语(前置定语或后置定语)Hehasworkedasateacherinaremoteareasincehegraduatedfromcollege.他高校毕业后始终在偏远地区当老师。(remote作area的定语)Heisthehappiestpersonalive.他是世上最欢乐的人。(若语境须要,alive,alike,alone等表语形容词可用于名词后作后置定语)Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?你有什么重要的事情要告知我吗?(形容词修饰复合不定代词,作后置定语)Thatisthebestbookavailable.那是可用的书中最好的一本。(以-able或-ble结构尾的形容词可作前面有形容词最高级或theonly等修饰的名词的后置定语)Thisisabooksuitableforchildren.这是一本适合孩子们的图书。(形容词短语作后置定语)(2)作表语Hissuggestionsareveryvaluable.他的建议很有价值。Hefeltashamedofwhathehaddonetohisfriend.他为自己对挚友所做的事感到惭愧。(3)作宾语补足语Iconsiderhissuggestionveryvaluable.我认为他的建议很有价值。Ifinditannoyingwhenaflyisflyingaround.我觉得苍蝇飞来飞去很烦人。(annoying作宾补,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的从句)3.合成形容词的构成(1)副词+分词,如:hard-working勤劳的(2)名词+过去分词,如:man-made人造的(3)名词+现在分词,如:time-consuming耗时的(4)名词+形容词,如:world-famous世界著名的(5)数词+名词,如:five-star五星级的(6)数词+名词-ed,如:three-legged三条腿的(7)数词+名词+形容词,如:five-year-old5岁的(8)形容词+过去分词,如:ready-made现成的(9)形容词+名词-ed,如:kind-hearted好心的(10)形容词+现在分词,如:ordinary-looking相貌一般的(11)形容词+形容词,如:red-hot炙热的4.形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则(1)一般加-er或-eststrong—stronger—strongest(2)以字母e结尾的词只加-r或-stlate—later—latest(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写这一辅音字母后再加-er或-esthot—hotter—hottestbig—bigger—biggest(4)以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的单词,将y变为i,再加-er或-estugly—uglier—ugliestearly—earlier—earliest(5)多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more或mostenthusiastic—moreenthusiastic—mostenthusiastic(6)不规则变更单独记忆[学法点拨](1)词尾为“元音字母+y”时,y不变,干脆加-er或-est。(2)有少数几个双音节词以及以-er和-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。clever—cleverer/moreclever—cleverest/mostclever(3)一些合成形容词的比较等级good-looking—better-looking/moregood-looking—best-looking/mostgood-looking(4)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故没有比较级和最高级。如:right正确的,wrong错误的,excellent极好的,final最终的,possible可能的,east东部的,empty空的,wooden木制的,favourite最宠爱的,impossible不行能的。5.构成形容词的常见后缀(1)名词+-al:cultural,global,industrial(2)名词+-ic:scientific(3)名词+-ish:foolish,childish(4)名词+-ful:peaceful,helpful(5)名词+-less:careless,homeless(6)名词+-ary:revolutionary(7)名词+-en:wooden,golden(8)名词+-y:rainy,snowy,windy,healthy(9)名词+-ous:dangerous,humorous(10)动词+-ive:attractive,impressive(11)动词+-ed:excited,surprised,annoyed(12)动词+-ing:exciting,surprising,annoying(13)动词/名词+-able/-ible:accessible,reliable(14)动词/名词+-some:troublesome(15)动词/名词+-ant/-ent:pleasant,different,convenient即学即练1写出下列单词的形容词形式①practice____________②nature____________③energy____________④wonder____________⑤end____________⑥west____________⑦product____________⑧sleep____________⑨reason____________⑩gift____________⑪distance____________⑫comfort____________⑬poison____________⑭please____________⑮noise____________写出下列单词的比较级和最高级⑯slim________________________⑰thin________________________⑱bad________________________⑲important________________________⑳good________________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))well-known________________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))small________________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))happy________________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))annoying________________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))far________________________单句语法填空eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))TheWallacegiantbeeistheworld's________(large)bee,withabodythesizeofahumanthumbandwingsthatcanspreadtoabout2.5inches.eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Heisalittleweakinallhissubjectsbutheis________(gift)indancingandsinging.eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))Thedoctorexplainedthesituationtoherlittlebrother,andaskedthelittleboyifhewouldbe________(will)togivehisbloodtohissister.eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))“Wearenowthinkingaboutdevelopment,allowingthepaintingstobemore________(create),”hesaid.eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))Itisoneofthemost________(amaze)TVshowsfromanartisticpointofview.eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))InthemovieCoco,forinstance,the12-year-oldMiguelandhisfamilydanceandsingtocelebratetheDayoftheDead,a________(tradition)festivalinMexico,whencolourfulpaper-cutsarehungonthestreet.eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Heisso________(sorrow)becausehecan'tgotothegraduationceremonybecauseofhisillness.eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))Thisgivesthebrightestandbeststudentsanopportunitytoexperiencethebenefitsofstudyingata________(globe)Top100university.eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))Afterall,familybondsarethemost________(significance)thinginChinesepeople'shearts.eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierand________(productive)livesthanthosewhohadnot.二、短语介词1.短语介词的概念短语介词是用作介词的短语(如withaviewto),不行独立运用,本身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、代词或动名词等。2.短语介词的构成(1)连词+介词becauseof因为asfor/to至于butfor要不是(2)介词+介词alongwith随着;和……一起exceptfor除了(3)介词+名词+介词bywayof通过……的方式bymeansof通过withregardto就……而言;关于incaseof万一inchargeof掌管inadditionto除了inhonourof为了表达对……的敬意inplaceof代替intermsof就……而言inviewof鉴于infavourof支持inmemoryof为纪念inspiteof尽管onbehalfof代表infrontof在……前面withreferenceto关于forfearof生怕,以免(4)形容词/副词+介词regardlessof不管;不顾dueto因为owingto因为previousto在……以前suchas例如apartfrom除……之外(都)aheadof在……前面;领先于insteadof代替nextto紧挨着togetherwith和……一起accordingto依据;依据closeto离……近(5)介词+the+名词+介词forthepurposeof为了……inthechargeof由……掌管attheexpenseof以……为代价atthemercyof任……处置;任由……摆布bythesideof在……旁边;在……的旁边bytheendof到……末为止underthecontrolof在……的限制下inthemiddleof在……中间withthehelpof在……的帮助下onthepointof刚要……的时候3.常用的短语介词这类介词是短语性的固定介词搭配,可以由“介词+名词+介词”“介词+介词”“形容词+介词”“副词+介词”等构成,常用的有:outof从……里面,从……中butfor要不是aheadof在……前accordingto依据apartfrom除……外alongwith同……一起becauseof由于,因为togetherwith同……一起asto关于,至于dueto由于infrontof在……前面inplaceof代替onbehalfof代表nearto靠近insteadof替代,而不nextto紧靠旁边,贴近onaccountof由于,鉴于owingto由于,因为withregardto关于inregardto关于priorto在……前inviewof考虑到inspiteof尽管inaccordancewith依据bymeansof用,依靠asfrom自……起asfor至于exceptfor除……外asconcerns关于forwantof因为缺乏atthecostof以……为代价overagainst在……对面,正对着downto由……引起awayfrom离开irrespectiveof不顾withaviewto旨在,目的是onthepointof刚要……之际intheeventof假如发生,万一forthesakeof为了bywayof经由,通过upto始终到thanksto由于,多亏previousto先于dueto由于upagainst遇到问题Marywasclosetotears.玛丽快要落下泪来了。Thevillagewasuncomfortablyclosetotheriver.这个村庄靠近河流,令人担忧。Heknewthathewasupagainstapowerfulpoliticalforce.他明白自己遇到了强大的政治势力。Shecontinuedtocareforherfatheruptothetimeofhisdeath.她始终照看父亲直到他去世。Thecountryroadaheadofuswasrathermuddy.我们前面的乡村道路泥泞不堪。Hegotalotoffunoutofsweepingdeadleavesintheyard.他觉得清扫庭院中的枯叶挺有乐趣。Henryalwaysdoeswhateverhepleaseswithoutregardtothefeelingofothers.亨利做事总是为所欲为,从不考虑别人的感情。Differentmethodsareuseddependingonwhatresultsarerequired.依据所需的结果接受不同的方法。InbetweenschoolanduniversityIdidatwo-monthcrashcourseinspokenEnglish.在中学毕业后到上高校之前这段时间,我上了两个月的英语口语速成班。Hewascomposed,enthusiastic,andontopofeverysituation.他从容而热忱,凡事都能应付自如。[误区警示]要留意的是,短语介词中的搭配都是固定的,不行随意变更,如bymeansof不行说成bymeansto。[学法指导]短语介词不同于介词短语。介词短语是由介词跟宾语构成的短语(如withaviewtobuyingacar),本身可作句子成分,如作定语、状语等,可独立运用。比较:Iwillhelpyouforthesakeofourfriendship.为了我们的友情,我是情愿帮助你的。(forthesakeof是短语介词,forthesakeofourfriendship是介词短语,作状语)Theylivedamongthehills.他们住在山中。(amongthehills是介词短语,作状语)I'lltakethisoneforwantofabetterone.没有更好的,我就拿这一个。(forwantof是短语介词,forwantofabetterone是介词短语)4.部分常见的介词用法(1)against的用法含义例句反对;违反;与……相反Tomjoinedthearmyagainsthisfather'swill.汤姆违反爸爸的意愿参了军。触;碰;紧靠;倚靠Don'tleanagainstthewall.It'sdirty.不要靠着墙,很脏。与……竞争;对阵HewasinjuredinthematchagainsttheteamfromClass3.他在和三班的队伍的竞赛中受伤了。防卫;反抗TheybuilttheGreatWallagainsttheenemies.他们建长城是为了防卫敌人。以……为背景;衬托Thebuildinglooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在蓝天的衬托下,大楼看上去更漂亮。(2)with含义例句和……一起;和;同;跟Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,hehasn'tleftusmuchimpression.尽管他和我们住了好几年,但他没有给我们留下多少印象。(表示同时或同一方向)随着Withproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.产量提高了60%,这家公司又是一个丰收年。具有;有……特征Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。由于;因为Withsomuchworkonhand,youshouldn'thavegonetoseethegamelastnight.手边有这么多工作,你昨天晚上本不该去看竞赛的。(表示方式)用Hebroketheglasswithabrick.他用一块砖打碎了玻璃。显示出一种特性Theyfoughtwithgreatcourage.他们英勇战斗。(3)by含义例句(时间)不迟于;在……之前Mybrotherwillcomeby10inthemorning.我弟弟上午十点前就能来。(位置)靠近,在……旁边/旁边Thereisadeskbythewindow.窗子旁边有一张桌子。表示“(标准、度量、数量)依据;依据;以……结算”(常用结构为“by+the+单数可数名词”)Theyhireoutboatsbythehour.他们按小时出租小船。经过;经由Themancameinbythefrontdoor.那个人是从前门进来的。靠;用;通过(某种方式、手段)Youcanreservetheticketsbyphone.你可以通过电话订票。即学即练2用方框中所给的短语介词完成句子insteadof,asfor,alongwith,inspiteof,intermsof,asaconsequenceof,inthemiddleof,inadditionto,attheexpenseof,infavourof,owingto,regardlessof①So________________yourquestion,Miles,theanswerstillhastobeno.②Shelostherjobwhenthefactoryclosed,________________hundredsofothers.③________________hissalary,hehasabonusof250yuanpermonth.④Itwasabadyearforfilms,________________bothquantityandquality.⑤Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenot________________theplan.⑥________________theirquarrel,theyremainthebestfriends.⑦Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathome________________inoffices.⑧Millionswillfacestarvationnextyear________________thedroughtthere.⑨Theywere______________dinnerwhenIcalled.⑩Hebuiltupthebusiness______________hishealth.⑪Everystudentcanparticipateintheactivity,________________boysorgirls.⑫Hewasgivenacashbonus________________thescientificbreakthroughhehadmade.完成句子⑬Therewasastrangeman____________________________(坐在我旁边)ontheplane.⑭DoyoucometoChina____________________(为了)studyingortravelling?⑮Theclubwelcomesallnewmembers________________________(不管年龄).⑯__________________________(在……的帮助下)aladder,neighbourswereabletorescuethechildrenfromthefire.⑰Shewasalwayswell______________________________(领先于)therestoftheclassinmaths.单词语法填空1.________everyone'samazement,theballwentintothenet.2.Istartedtoplayfootball________myclassmatesafterschoolbimonthly.3.Thefarsideofthemoonhasgreatappealforscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters,more________thefamiliarnearside.4.Helaughed________pleasurewhenpeoplesaidhelookedlikehisdadconstantly.5.Modernaccuratemethods________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.6.Wewerefrequentlygreetedwiththebarkingbyapack________dogs,seventobeexact.7.Likesomanyothers,thelittletrampandhispleasantfriendrushedtoCaliforniainsearch________gold,butinvain.8.Amy,aswell________otherparticipants,wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.9.Theirchildis________thestagewhereshecanimitateidenticalwordsbutnotfullsentences.10.Theprofessorwarnedstudentsthat________noaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclasswholly.11.China'ssoftpowergrows________linewiththeincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.12.ScientificinnovationisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldare________thesamestartingline.13.Hopefullyin2025wewillcorrespondwitheachotherindifferentways,forwewillhavedevelopedmoreconvenientelectroniccommunicationtools________then.14.Kae,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewere________college,hasgonetoaproductiveisland.15.________firstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodivingresolutely,buthegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.16.Thepossibilitythatthereislifeonotherplanets________theuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoproceed.17.Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtofetchtheparcel,buthewent________all.18.Martinhelpedhisfatherdigthewatergardensout________hand.Asaconsequence,hediscovered
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 专题4 广东本土资源2024年中考生物教学设计(人教版 广东专用版)
- 6《发霉与防霉》(教学设计)青岛版科学六年级上册
- 2023四年级数学下册 2 观察物体(1)配套教案 新人教版
- 统编版《道德与法治》六年级下册第5课《应对自然灾害》精美课件(第3课时)
- 中国高压快充行业市场规模测算逻辑模型头豹词条报告系列
- 内科护理说课
- 2023年横州市妇幼保健院专业技术人员招聘考试真题
- 宜春学院硕士研究生工作人员笔试真题2023
- 天津医科大学招聘笔试真题2023
- 陕西省事业编医疗卫生类招聘笔试真题2023
- 2022年高校教师资格证(高等教育学)考试题库高分通关300题及精品答案(黑龙江省专用)
- 初一数学学习方法指导课件
- DB32T 4108-2021 混凝土复合保温砌块(砖)墙体自保温系统应用技术规程
- JL-B005分包单位资格报审表
- 农贸市场钢结构顶棚工程施工组织设计
- 学校心理咨询室档案资料
- 头颈部医学影像合并课件
- 再生资源回收站突发环境事件应急预案
- 《化学反应原理》教材分析与施教建议
- 电子检查单使用原则
- 催产素使用要点
评论
0/150
提交评论