2023年8月英语专业四级改革样卷新题型

2023年8月英语专业四级改革新题型（样卷）PART1DICTATION[10MIN]Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15seconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven1minutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE.PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTIONATALKInthissectionyouwillhearatalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Whilelistening,youmaylookatANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocompleteyourwork.SECTIONBCONVERSATIONSInthissectionyouwillheartwoconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Youhavethirtysecondstopreviewthequestions.Now,listentotheconversations.ConversationOne.A.Thereturntripistooexpensive.B.Thereisnotechnologytogetpeopleback.C.Peopledon’twanttoreturn.D.Thereturntripistoorisky.A.Intelligence.B.Health.C.Skills.D.Calmness.A.Thekindofpeoplesuitableforthetrip.B.Interestsandhobbiesofthespeakers.C.Recruitmentofpeopleforthetrip.D.PreparationforthetriptoMars.…ConversationTwoA.Goingtothehighstreet. B.Visitingeverydayshops.C.Buyingthingslikeelectricalgoods. D.Visitingshopsandbuyingonline.A.3%. B.33%.C.42%. D.24%.A.Theywanttoknowmoreaboutpricing.B.Theycanreturntheproductlater.C.Theywanttoseetherealthingfirst.D.Theycanbargainforalowershopprice.…PARTIIILANGUAGEKNOWLEDGETherearetwentysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefourwords,phrasesorstatementsmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseoneword,phraseorstatementthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatbook,don’tforgettoputitbackontheshelf,______?A.don’tyou B.doyouC.willyou D.won’tyouWhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A.Onlyoneoutofsixwerepresentatthemeeting.B.Tendollarswasstolenfromthecashregister.C.Eithermysisterormybrotheriscoming.D.Fivemilesseemlikealongwalktome.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage______theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.A.but B.norC.like D.asThereisnodoubt______thecommitteehasmadetherightdecisiononthehousingproject.A.why B.thatC.whether D.whenIfyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.willbe B.wasC.wouldbe D.wereWhichofthefollowingisastativeverb(静态动词)?A.Drink. B.Close.C.Rain. D.Belong.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesasubject-verbrelation?A.Themanhasalargefamilytosupport.B.Shehadnowishtoquarrelwithherbrother.C.Hewasthelastguesttoleave.D.Maryneedsafriendtotalkto.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?A.Anothertwogirls. B.Fewwords.C.Thiswork. D.Abitofflowers.Whenonehasgoodhealth,______shouldfeelfortunate.A.you B.sheC.he D.weThere______nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.A.tobe B.tohavebeenC.be D.beingBottlesfromthisregionsell______atabout$50acase.A.entirely B.totallyC.wholesale D.togetherTheproductcontainsno______colours,flavours,orpreservatives.A.fake B.artificialC.false D.wrong______andbusinessleadersweredelightedatthedecisiontoholdthenationalmotorfairinthecity.A.Civil B.CivilizedC.Civilian D.CivicThecitycouncilisplanningahugeroad-buildingprogrammetoeasecongestion.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.calm B.relieveC.comfort D.stillHisunfortunateappearancewasoffsetbyanattractivepersonality.TheunderlinespartmeansallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.improved B.madeupforC.balanced D.compensatedforThedoctorsaidthatthegashinhischeekrequiredtenstitches.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.B.C.D.Duringtheeconomiccrisis,theyhadtocutbackproductionand______workers.A.layoff B.layintoC.laydown D.layasideTomarkitsonehundredthanniversary,theuniversityheldaseriesofactivitiesincludingconferences,filmshows,etc.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.signify B.celebrateC.symbolize D.suggestHisfertilemindkeepsturningoutnewideas.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.abundant B.unbelievableC.productive D.generativeTheseissueswerediscussedatlengthduringthemeeting.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.eventually B.subsequentlyC.lastly D.fullyPARTIVCLOZE[10MIN]Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEETTWO.A.asB.aimlessC.botherD.fastE.flightsF.helplessG.labor-savingH.levelsI.money-savingJ.pauseK.quiteL.standbyM.standstillN.trafficO.trappedElectricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheTVset.Atnight,roadsarebrightlylit,enablingpeopleand(31)______tomovefreely.Neonlightingusedinadvertisinghasbecomepartofthecharacterofeverymoderncity.Inthehome,many(32)______devicesarepoweredbyelectricity.Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandare(33)______asleep,electricityisstillworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.Everyday,trainsandsubwaystakeustoandfromwork.Werarely(34)______toconsiderwhyorhowtheyrun—untilsomethinggoeswrong．Inthesummerof1959,somethingdidgowrongwithpower-plantthatprovidedNewYorkwithelectricity.Foragreatmanyhours,lifecamealmosttoa(35)______.Trainsrefusedtomoveandthepeopleinthemsatinthedark,powerlesstodoanything;liftsstoppedworking,sothatevenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobe(36)______betweentwofloors,youhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydown(37)______ofstairs．FamousstreetslikeBroadwayandFifthAvenueinaninstantbecameasgloomyanduninviting(38)______themostremotebackstreets.Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedto(39)______incaseofemergency.theywerejustasconfusedand(40)______asanybodyelse.PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[35MIN]SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachquestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONEInundatedbymoreinformationthanwecanpossiblyholdinourheads,we’reincreasinglyhandingoffthejobofrememberingtosearchenginesandsmartphones.Googleisevenreportedlyworkingoneyeglassesthatcouldonedayrecognizefacesandsupplydetailsaboutwhoeveryou’relookingat.Butnewresearchshowsthatoutsourcingourmemory–andexpectingthatinformationwillbecontinuallyandinstantaneouslyavailable–ischangingourcognitivehabits.ResearchconductedbyBetsySparrow,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatColumbiaUniversity,hasidentifiedthreenewrealitiesabouthowweprocessinformationintheInternetage.First,herexperimentsshowedthatwhenwedon’tknowtheanswertoaquestion,wenowthinkaboutwherewecanfindthenearestWebconnectioninsteadofthesubjectofthequestionitself.Asecondrevelationisthatwhenweexpecttobeabletofindinformationagainlateron,wedon’trememberitaswellaswhenwethinkitmightbecomeunavailable.Andthenthereistheresearchers’finalobservation:theexpectationthatwe’llheabletolocateinformationdownthelineleadsustoformamemorynotofthefactitselfbutofwherewe’llbeabletofindit.Butthishandoffcomeswithadownside.Skillslikecriticalthinkingandanalysismustdevelopinthecontextoffacts:weneedsomethingtothinkandreasonabout,afterall.Andthesefactscan’tbeGoogledaswego;theyneedtobestoredintheoriginalharddrive,ourlong-termmemory.Especiallyinthecaseofchildren,“factualknowledgemustprecedeskill,”saysDanielWillingham,aprofessorofpsychology,attheUniversityofVirginia–meaningthatthedaysofdrillingthemultiplicationtableandmemorizingthenamesofthePresidentsaren’toverquiteyet.Adults,too,needtorecruitasupplyofstoredknowledgeinordertosituateandevaluatenewinformationtheyencounter.Youcan’tGooglecontext.Last,there’sthepossibility,increasinglyterrifyingtocontemplate,thatourmachineswillfailus.AsSparrowputsit,“TheexperienceoflosingourInternetconnectionbecomesmoreandmorelikelosingafriend.”Ifyou’regoingtokeepyourmemoryonyoursmartphone,bettermakesureit’sfullycharged.41.Google’seyeglassesaresupposedto____.A.improveourmemoryB.functionlikememoryC.helpusseefacesbetterD.worklikesmartphones42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSparrow’sresearchisCORRECT?A.Werememberpeopleandthingsasmuchasbefore.B.WeremembermoreInternetconnectionsthanbefore.C.Wepayequalattentiontolocationandcontentofinformation.D.Wetendtorememberlocationratherthanthecoreoffacts.43.Whatistheimpliedmessageoftheauthor?A.Webconnectionsaidourmemory.B.Peopledifferinwhattoremember.C.Peoplekeepmemoryonsmartphones.D.Peopleneedtoexercisetheirmemory.PASSAGETWOIwasasecond-yearmedicalstudentattheuniversity,andwasonmyseconddayofroundsatanearbyhospital.Myuniversity’sphilosophywastogetstudentsseeingpatientsearlyintheireducation.Niceidea,butitoverlookedonedetail:second-yearstudentsknownexttonothingaboutmedicine.Assignedtomyteamthatdaywasanattending–aseniorfacultymemberwhowastheremostlytomakepatientsfeeltheyweren’tinthehandsofamateurs.Manyattendingswereresearcherswhodidn’thavemuchrecenthospitalexperience.Minewasactuallyanarthritisspecialist.Alsoalongwasaresident(therealboss,withastaggeringmasteryofmedicine,atleasttoarookielikemyself).Inadditionthereweretwointerns(住院实习医生).TheseguyswerejustasgreenasIwas，butinascarierway:theyhadrecentlygraduatedfromthemedicalschool,sotheyweretechnicallyMDs.Ibeganthedayat6:30am.AninternandIdidaquickcheckofoureightpatients;later,weweretopresentourfindingstotheresidentandthentotheattending.Ihadthreepatientsandtheinternhadtheotherfive-pieceofcake.ButwhenIarrivedintheroomof71-year-oldMr.Adams，hewassittingupinbed,sweatingheavilyandpanting(喘气).He’djusthadahipoperationandlookedterrible.Ilistenedtohislungswithmystethoscope,buttheysoundedclear.NextIcheckedthelogofhisvitalsignsandsawthathisrespirationandheartratehadbeenclimbing,buthistemperaturewassteady.Itdidn’tseemlikeheartfailure,nordiditappeartobepneumonia.SoIaskedMr.Adamswhathethoughtwasgoingon.“It’sreallyhotinhere,Doc,”hereplied.SoIattributedhisconditiontothestuffyroomandtoldhimtherestoftheteamwouldreturninafewhours.Hesmiledandfeeblywavedgoodbye.At8:40am.,duringourteammeeting,“CodeBlueRoom307!”blaredfromtheloudspeaker.Ifroze.ThatwasMr.Adams’sroom.Whenwearrived,hewasmotionless.Theautopsy(尸体解剖)laterfoundMr.Adamshadsufferedamassivepulmonaryembolism(肺部栓塞).Abloodclothadformedinhisleg,workeditswaytohislungs,andcuthisbreathingcapacityinhalf.Hissymptomshadbeentextbook:heavyperspirationandshortnessofbreathdespiteclearlungs.Theonlythingwas:Ihadn’treadthatchapterinthetextbookyet.AndIwastooscared,insecure,andproudtoaskarealdoctorforhelp.Thismistakehashauntedmefornearly30years,butwhat’sparticularlyfrustratingisthatthesamemedicaleducationsystempersists.WhoknowshowmanypeoplehavediedorsufferedharmatthehandsofstudentsasnaïveasI,andhowmanymorewill?44.Welearnthattheauthor’steammembershad_____.A.muchpracticalexperience B.adequateknowledgeC.longbeenworkingthere D.someprofessionaldeficiency45.“Hissymptomshadbeentextbook”meansthathissymptomswere______.A.partofthetextbook B.nolongerinthetextbookC.recentlyincludedinthetextbook D.explainedinthetextbook46.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorexpresses____aboutthemedicaleducationsystemA.optimismB.hesitationC.concernD.supportPASSAGETHREEThewaronsmoking,nowfivedecadesoldandcounting,isoneofthenation’sgreatestpublichealthsuccessstories–butnotforeveryone.Asawhole,thecountryhasmadeamazingprogress.In1964,fourintenadultsintheUSsmoked;todayfewerthantwointendo.Butsomestates–Kentucky,SouthDakotaandAlabama,tonamejustafew–seemtohavemissedthemessagethatsmokingisdeadly.TheirfailureisthegreatestdisappointmentinanefforttosavelivesthatwasstartedonJan.11,1964,bythefirstSurgeonGeneral’sReportonSmokingandHealth.Itsfindingthatsmokingisacauseoflungcancerandotherdiseaseswasmajornewsthen.Thehazardsofsmokingwerejuststartingtoemerge.Thereportledtocigarettewarninglabels,abanonTVadsandeventuallyananti-smokingmovementthatshiftedthenation’sattitudeonsmoking.Then,smokerswerecool.Today,manyareoutcasts,rejectedbyrestaurants,bars,publicbuildingsandeventheirownworkplaces.Millionsofliveshavebeensaved.Theformulaforsuccessisnolongerguesswork:Adopttoughwarninglabels,airpublicserviceads,fundsmokingcessationprogramsandimposesmoke-freelaws.Butthesurestwaytopreventsmoking,particularlyamongprice-sensitiveteens,istoraisetaxes.Ifyoucanstopthemfromsmoking,you’vewonthewar.Fewpeoplestartsmokingafterturning19.Thereal-lifeevidenceoftaxingpowerispowerful.The10stateswiththelowestadultsmokingratesslapanaveragetaxof$2.42oneverypack–threetimestheaveragetaxinthestateswiththehighestsmokingrates.NewYorkhasthehighestcigarettetaxinthecountry,at$4.35perpack,andjust12percentofteenssmoke,farbelowthenationalaverageof18percent.ComparethatwithKentucky,wheretaxesarelow(60cents),smokingrestrictionsareweakandtheteensmokingrateisdoubleNewYork’s.Otherlow-taxstateshavesimilarlydismalrecords.Enemiesofhightobaccotaxesclingtothetiredargumentthattheyfalldisproportionatelyonthepoor.True,butsodothedeadlyeffectsofsmoking–farworsethanatax.Theeffectofthetaxesisamplifiedfurtherwhentherevenueisusedtofundinitiativesthathelpsmokersquitorpersuadeteensnottostart.Anti-smokingforceshaveplentytocelebratethisweek,havinghelpedavoid8millionprematuredeathsinthepast50years.Butaslongas3,000adolescentsandteenstaketheirfirstpuffeachday,thewarisnotwon.47.Accordingtothecontext,“Theirfailure”refersto_____.A.thoseadultswhocontinuetosmokeB.thosestatesthatmissedthemessageC.findingsofthereportD.hazardsofsmoking48.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtostageanti-smokingcampaigns.B.Theeffectsofthereportonsmokingandhealth.C.Taxasthesurestpathtocutsmoking.D.Theeffortstocutdownonteenagesmoking.PASSAGEFOURAttachmentParentingisnotIndulgentParenting.Attachmentparentsdonot“spoil”theirchildren.Spoilingisdonewhenachildisgiveneverythingthattheywantregardlessofwhattheyneedandregardlessofwhatispractical.Indulgentparentsgivetoysfortantrums(发脾气),icecreamforbreakfast.Attachmentparentsdon’tgivetheirchildreneverythingthattheywant,theygivetheirchildreneverythingthattheyneed.Attachmentparentsbelievethatloveandcomfortarefreeandnecessary.Notsweetsortoys.AttachmentParentingisnot“afraidoftears”parenting.Ourkidscry.Thedifferenceisthatweunderstandthattantrumsandtearscomefromemotionsandnotmanipulation.Andourchildrenunderstandthistoo.Theycryandhavetantrumssometimes,ofcourse.Buttheydothisbecausetheiremotionsaresooverwhelmingthattheyneedtogetitout.Theydonotexpecttobe“rewarded”fortheirstrongnegativeemotions;theysimplyexpectthatwewilllisten.Wepickupourbabieswhentheycry,andwerespondtothetearsofourolderchildrenbecausewebelievefirmlythatcomfortisfree,loveisfree,andthatwhenachildhasneedforcomfortandlove,itisourjobtoprovidethosethings.Wearenotafraidoftears.Wedon’tavoidthem.Weholdourchildrenthroughthemandteachthemthatwhentheyarehurtorfrustratedweareheretocomfortthemandhelpthemworkthroughtheiremotions.AttachmentParentingisnotClingyParenting.Idonotclingtomychildren.Infact,I’mprettyfree-range.Assoonastheycanmovetheyusuallymoveawayfrommeandletmesetupachaseastheycrawl,run,skipandhopontheirmerrywaytoexploretheworld.Sure,Icarrythemandhugthemandchasethemandkissthemandrockthemandsleepwiththem.Butthisisnotmefollowingthemeverywhereandpullingthembacktome.Thisismebeingahomebase.The“attachment”comesfromtheirbeingallowedtoattachtous,notfromusattachingtothemlikeparentalleeches.AttachmentParentingisnotSelfishParenting.Itisalsonotselflessparenting.Wearenotdoingitforus,andwearenotdoingittotormentourselves,AttachmentparentingisnotHelicopterParenting.Idon’thover.Isupervise,Ifollow,Iteach,Idemonstrate,Iexplain.Idon’tslapcurioushandsaway,Ishowhowtodothingssafely,Iletmychilddothethingsthatmychildwishestodo,firstwithhelpandthenwithsupervisionandfinallywithtrust.Idon’tinsistthatmy23montholdholdmyhandwhenwewalkonthesidewalkbecauseIknowthatIcanrecallhimwithmyvoicebecausehetrustsmetoallowhimtoexploreandhetrustsmetoexplainwhensomethingisdangerousandtohelphimsatisfyhiscuriositiessafely.MostofthenegativethingsthatIhearabout“attachmentparents”arecompletelyoff-baseanddescribesomethingthatisentirelyunlikeAttachmentParenting.AttachmentParentingischild-centricandfocusesontheneedsofthechild.Childrenneedstructure,rules,andboundaries.AttachmentParentssimplybelievethatthechildandtheparentareallies,notadversaries,Andthatchildrenaretaught,nottrained.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldparentsdowhentheirkidscry?A.Providingcomfortandlove.B.Tryingtostopkidscrying.C.Holdingthemtilltheystop.D.Rewardingkidswithtoys.50.Whatdoes“free-range”meanaccordingtothepassage?A.Fondofprovidingahomebase.B.Readytoplaygameswithmykids.C.Curioustowatchwhatgamestheyplay.D.Willingtogivekidsfreedomofmovement.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearefiveshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswerthequestionswithNOmorethanTENwordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE51.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoes“cognitivehab