新编英语教程5unit4教学课件市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

UnitFour

TEXTITheInvisiblePoorIII.LibraryWork1.Broadlyspeaking,themiddleclassisthesocialgroupbetweentheupperorthewealthyandworkingclasses,includingprofessionalandbusinessworkersandtheirfamilies.Themiddleclassissometimesdividedintolowermiddle第1页第1页III.LibraryWorkanduppermiddleclasses---adivisionbasedonoccupationalandeducationaldifferences.SinceWorldWarII,themiddleclasshasbeenthelargestclassintheUnitedStates,wherethemiddleclassparticipatemoreinpoliticalandvoluntaryorganizationsthandothe第2页第2页III.LibraryWorksubordinateclasses,thatis,thelowestpaidwageearnersandthejoblesspoor.ThemiddleclassintheU.S.alsohasahigherrateofreligiousparticipationthananyotherclass.2.Dictionarydefinitionsofslumandghetto:

Slum---athicklypopulated,squalidpartofacityinhabitedbythepoorestpeople第3页第3页III.LibraryWork

Ghetto---Informertimes,inmostEuropeancountries,asectionofacityinhabitedbyJews.IntheU.S.today,athicklypopulatedslumareainacityinhabitedpredominantlybyaminoritygroup.InmanycitiesintheU.S.,particularlyintheEastandtheMiddleWest,slumsdevelopedwhereunemploymentledtogreatsufferingandover-crowdedness;moreover,pauperismandcrimearewidespread.第4页第4页III.LibraryWorkIntheU.S.,ghettoisatermusedtodescribesegregatedresidentialareasinthenorthernU.S.Theyaretypicallyovercrowded,andhavepoorhousingandhighunemployment.Theyarelargelyaresultofsegregation.3.Thegeneralpurposeofunionshasbeentoprotectandadvancethewell-beingofworkers.SomeparticipantsinandobserversoftheU.S.labormovementhaveviewedunionsasinstitutionswiththepotentialtoestablishindustrialdemocracyandsocialism.Untilthe第5页第5页III.LibraryWork1930s,U.S.laborunionssufferedseverelegaldisadvantages.Before1842strikeswereoftenprohibitedbythecourts.In1932antistrikeinjunctionswereoutlawed.U.S.unionsfinallygainedfulllegalrecognitionin1935.Theworkerswerethengiventherighttoformandjoinunionsandtoengageincollectivebargaining.第6页第6页IV.OrganizationoftheTextI.Thesisstatement:invisibilityofAmericanpoor(Paragraphs1–2)II.Thenormalandobviouscausesoftheinvisibilityofthepoor(Paragraphs3–7)

1.Povertyisoftenoffthebeatentrack.(Paragraph4)2.Beautyandmythsaremasksofpoverty.(Paragraph5)3.Summaryandcomment(Paragraphs6–7)第7页第7页IV.OrganizationoftheTextIII.Anewkindofblindnessaboutpoverty(Paragraphs8–14)

1.TransformationoftheAmericancityisolatesthepoorfromsightofothers.(Paragraphs8–9)2.Well-meaningignorancekeepsconcernedandsympatheticAmericansfromknowingthetruthaboutthepoor.(Paragraph10)

3.Massproductionenablesthebest-dressedpovertytoexist.(Paragraphs11–12)第8页第8页IV.OrganizationoftheText

4.Manyofthepoorarethewrongagetobeseen.(Paragraphs13–14)IV.Politicalinvisibility---thedispossessedatthebottomofsocietycannotspeakforthemselves.(Paragraphs15–17)V.Conclusion(Paragraph18)第9页第9页V.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph3perennial:lastingthroughthewholeyear;lastingforeverorforalongtime持久，长期E.g.:theperennialsnowfields终年积雪旷野theperennialbluejeans四季都穿牛仔裤aperennialinvalid长期病人theperennialproblemsofisolationinoldage始终未能处理老年人孤独问题第10页第10页Paragraph4

offthebeatentrack/path:notwell-known;notoftenvisited去人不多，鲜有些人涉足；不出名;离开常规；不落俗套beaten:(ofapath,track,etc.)thatisgivenshapebythefeetofthosewhopassalongit(路)被踏平,走出来,人们常走E.g.:Wefollowedawell-beatenpaththroughtheforest.我们沿着人们常走小路穿过了森林。第11页第11页Paragraph4E.g.:avacationspotthatisoffthebeatentrack僻静度假处gooffthebeatentrack打破常规turnpike(AmE):alsopike,turnpikeroad,aspecialroadfortheuseoffast-travelingvehicles,especiallysucharoadwhichonehastopaytouse

高速公路第12页第12页Paragraph4rut:deepnarrowmarksortracksleftinsoftgroundbythewheelofavehicle车辙ruttedroads:roadswithdeep,narrowmarksmadebythewheelsofvehicles有车辙路；凹凸不平路E.g.:beinarut墨守成规，也成不变第13页第13页Paragraph4get/fallintoarut陷入老一套，开始墨守成规fallintoaconversationalrut开始了老调重弹谈话getoutofone’srut挣脱陈规旧习arunawaysweatshop:aout-and-outsweatshop彻头彻尾血汗工厂第14页第14页Paragraph4runaway:outofcontrol挣脱控制；控制不住E.g.:arunawayoilwell喷流不止油井runawayinflation（脱缰野马似）恶性通货膨胀therunawaycostofgrain飞涨谷物价格第15页第15页Paragraph5run-down:oldandbroken;inbadcondition失修，破败；衰败E.g.:arun-downoldhouse破败旧屋Thisneighborhoodisgettingrun-down.附近这一带正在日渐衰落。beexemptfrom:befreedfromaduty,service,payment,etc.被豁免；被免去E.g.:Charitableorganizationsareexemptfromtaxation.第16页第16页Paragraph5Johnisexemptfromphysicaleducationbecauseofpoorhealth.strain:astateinwhichoneisgreatlytroubledbyanxietyanddifficulty极度紧张；重负；过劳E.g.:

Youngpeopleareundergreatstrainduringtheexaminationperiod.Examinationsofallkindsputagreatstrainonyoungpeople.第17页第17页Paragraph5tension:(afeelingof)nervousness,anxiety,worry,orpressure（精神上）紧张E.g.:Beforetheinterview,Janetsufferedfromalotofnervoustension.Hefelthelplessunderthetensionofwaitingforthenews.第18页第18页Paragraph5underprivileged:(ofpeople)nothavingtheadvantagesofordinaryperson’slife;lackingingoodchancesforeducation,sociallife,etc.贫困；社会经济地位低下；生活水平低下E.g.:childrenfromunderprivilegedhomes贫困家庭孩子anunderprivilegednation生活水平低下国家underprivilegedareasofacity都市贫民区第19页第19页Paragraph6theywillbefunctioningagenerationhence:thenormalandobviouscausesoftheinvisibilityofAmericanpoorwillstillholdtrueinagenerationfromnowfunction:operate,workE.g.:Isthemachine/computer/telephonefunctioning?hence:fromnowE.g.:threedays/aweek/twomonthshence第20页第20页Paragraph6slip:movesecretlyorunnoticedE.g.:Thewetsoapslippedoutofmyhand.Hersecretslippedoutwithoutherknowing.Daysslippedbyandheaccomplishedverylittle.Don’tletgoodopportunitiesslipthroughyourfingers.第21页第21页Paragraph7foray:literallymeans“asuddenattackintoanenemyareabyasmallnumberofsoldierstodamageorseizearms,foot,etc.”突袭；闪电式侵扰E.g.:Thesoldierswentonaforayatthecommandoftheofficer.

makeaforayonatown对一城乡进行突袭第22页第22页Paragraph7Foray’sextendedmeaningis“ashortattempttobecomeactiveinanactivitythatisquitedifferentfromone’susualactivity.”Whattheauthormeanshereisthatvisitstotheslumsmadebythemiddleclassatusualtimesarerare,butatChristmastime,therewouldbesomevisits.冒险；涉足ashortunexpectedvisit短暂访问第23页第23页Paragraph7E.g.:thepresident’sthree-dayforayintotheSouth总统对南方3天短暂访问Fromtimetotimehemadeforaystothepavementbooksellers.他经常涉足街头书摊ghetto:asectionofacityortownwhereliveminoritypeoplewhoarenotacceptedassocialequalsbythemajorityofitscitizens少数民族聚居区第24页第24页Paragraph7Comparesynonymsofghetto:slum:adistrictinacityortownwherelivingconditionsaredirtyandunhealthy,andwherepoorpeoplelive贫民窟shantytown:apartofacityortownmadeupofpoorly-builthuts,cabins,orhouses棚户区第25页第25页Paragraph8thefailures:peoplewhofailindoingwhattheyexpecttodo;unsuccessfulpeople第26页第26页Paragraph9assume:takesomethingasafactorastruewithoutproof;supposeE.g.:Hewasabsentatthepicnic.Iassumethathe’dforgottenallaboutit.Assumingthatitrainstomorrow,shallwechangeourplan?第27页第27页Paragraph10compound:makeworsebyadding(something)to…(oftenusedinthepassive)增长；加重E.g.:compoundaproblem使问题复杂化compounddifficulties(losses)加重困难（损失）Hisdifficultywascompoundedbyasenseofinsecurity/uncertainty.第28页第28页Paragraph10hovel:asmalldirtyplacetolivein简陋小屋；茅舍；肮脏杂乱住所第29页第29页Paragraph11Theironyinthis…:thereverse(stateofaffairs)/theincongruityofthis…Ironyrefersto“thesortofeventorresultwhichisjusttheoppositeofwhatonewouldhopeforormeanttohappen”含有挖苦意义事第30页第30页Paragraph12discern:tosee,notice,orunderstand,especiallywithdifficulty;perceive看出，辨认，觉察Thisprocesshasbeenmagnifiedwiththepoorthroughoutthecountry:Thisprocessofhavingthepoordisappearfromsighthasbeendevelopingrapidlyalloverthecountry.第31页第31页Paragraph14lurid:sensational,shocking可怕；惊人;骇人听闻；过度渲染得E.g.:luridaccountsofthecarnage骇人听闻大屠杀报道Hepaintedaluridpictureofprisonlife.他把监狱生活描写得十分可怕。luridcrimes(stories)耸人听闻罪行（故事）第32页第32页Paragraph15thedispossessed:peoplewhohavelostalltheirpossessions.Here,thedispossessedarepeoplewhodonotpossessanything.fraternal:of,belongingto,orlikebrothers弟兄（般），友爱E.g.:fraternalaffection弟兄情谊afraternalatmosphere友好气氛第33页第33页Paragraph16thereisnotevenacynicalpoliticalmotiveforcaringabutthepoor,asintheolddays:Intheolddays,theremightbesomeconcernforthepoorshownbysomepeopletoachievetheirownpurposes.Theirmotiveofdoingsowouldbecynical,ordoubtful.Buttoday,thereisnoteventhatkindofconcern.第34页第34页Paragraph17reservoir:alargesupply,especiallyonethathasnotyetbeenused贮藏，蓄积，大量供应E.g.:anoilreservoir油槽Historyisareservoirofhumanexperience.历史是人类经历总汇。haveagreatreservoirofknowledge有广博知识menace:somethingwhichsuggestsathreatorbringsdanger威胁第35页第35页Paragraph17articulatetheneedsofthepoor:expressclearlyandeffectivelytheneedsofthepoorarticulate:expressthoughtsandfeelingsclearlyE.g.:Hewassodespondent（沮丧，泄气）thathecouldhardlyarticulatehisdistress.Articulateisoftenusedinlanguagelearning,meaning“pronouncedistinctly,clearly,andcarefully.”E.g.:Josephinearticulateseverywordcarefully.Shehasgoodarticulation.第36页第36页Paragraph18intheoldrhetoricofreform:reformintheolddaysthatwasstatedinalanguagethatwasfinetohearorreadbutthatreallydidnotmeanmuch以往粉饰太平改革Rhetoricinitsgeneralsensemeans“theartofspeakingorwritinginawaythatislikelytopersuadeorinfluencepeople.”Butinthiscontext,rhetoricisusedinitsderogatorysense,meaning“speechorwritingthatsoundsfineandimportant,butisreallyinsincereorwithoutmeaning.”第37页第37页VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.5:Theword“too”indicatesfurtherance.Inthiscase,ittellsthereaderwhattheparagraphdealswithissimilartowhathasbeendealtwith.Thefactis,inthisparagraph,wefindanotherperennialreasonwhypovertyisinvisibleinAmerica.Para.6:Thepronoun“these”canpointbothbackwardandforward.Inthiscaseitpointsbackward,i.e.“these”refertotheperennialreasonsthathavebeenexplainedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.第38页第38页VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.8:“Now”indicatesachangeofdirection.Thewriterisgoingtoturnfromthe“perennial”tothe“present”.Para.9:“Inshort”isusedtosummarize.Whatfollowsisabriefsummaryofwhathasjustbeensaid,i.e.theeffecturbandevelopmenthasontheinvisibilityofthepoor.第39页第39页VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.10:“Thisnewsegregation”referstothesegregationofthepoorfromtheaffluentmentionedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.Thesegregationis“new”becausetherehasbeenthe“old”notorioussegregationofthecoloredpeoplefromthewhite第40页第40页VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.11:Theword“this”in“Theironyinthis”referstothelastsentenceofthelastparagraph.i.e.“Thereisawarmfeelingofsatisfaction,ofprideinthewaythingsareworkingout:thepoor,itisobvious,arebeingtakencareof”.Cantheybetakencareofwhentheyareeveninvisible?第41页第41页VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.12:“This”in“Thisisanextremelyimportantfactor…”referstothelastsentenceofthelastparagraph,i.e.“Evenpeoplewithterriblydepressedincomescanlookprosperous.”Para.13:Theword“then”herehasnothingtodowithitsbasicmeaning,i.e.aspecificpointoftimeeitherinthepastorinthefuture.Hereitisusedinthesenseof“besides”,showingthatthereisanotherreasonwhythepoorareinvisible.第42页第42页VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.15:“Andfinally”hereis,asusual,usedtoshowthatwehavecometothelastpointinourexposition.Herethewriterisgoingtotellusthatthepoorarenotonlymateriallyandemotionallyinvisible,buttheyarealsopoliticallyinvisible,i.e.theirvoiceisnotheard.第43页第43页VII.SAtoEx.I,P.36,Workbook1.ToenforcehisassertionthattheotherAmericadidexistthoughmostAmericansmightnotbelieveitjustbecausetheyhadneverbeentherepersonally.WhatHarringtonistryingtosayis“Imyselfwasonceignorantofitsexistence,butnowIcanprovetoyouthatitdoesexist.”第44页第44页VII.SAtoEx.I,P.36,Workbook2.RefertoParagraphs4and5.Ruralpovertyishiddenawayfromtouristswhonormallytravelonhighwayswithoutpenetratingintothecountry,andsometimesismaskedbyitsnaturalbeauty.3.RefertoParagraphs8–10.Urbantransformationleadstothedistributionalsegregationofpoverty,andurbanrenewalcreatesthefalseimpressionabouttheexistenceofthepoor.第45页第45页VII.SAtoEx.I,P.36,Workbook4.RefertoParagraphs11–14.Massproductionofgarmentsenableseventhepoortobedecentlydressed.Mostpoorpeopleareaged;theyarelessmobileandthuslessvisible.5.Politically,thepoorarenotadequatelyrepresented;andtheirvoiceisnotheardandattendedtointhepoliticallifeofthenation.6.(Omitted)第46页第46页VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,Workbook1.Beautyreferstothebeautifulenvironment.Specificallyitreferstothehills,thestreams,thefoliageinthelovelyseasonintheareaoftheAppalachiansMountains.MythsrefertoRousseau’sconceptofthe“primitiveman,”apersonwhowasadmiredforhissupposedlysimpleandpurelife,andwhowasexemptfromthestrainsandtensionofthemiddleclass.Speciallytheyrefertotherun-downmountainhouses,supposedlytheabode（住所）ofthefortunatepeople.第47页第47页VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,Workbook

WhenthetravelercomestotheAppalachians,hewillseethebeautyofnature,andtherun-downhousesremindhimofthe“primitiveman.”Hedoesnotknowthatthepeoplelivingintheareaareactuallyundereducated,underprivileged;inotherwords,theyarepoor.Sooutwardbeautyofnatureandfalsebeliefsinthe“primitiveman”aremisleading---theysimplycoverupthetruth---theexistenceofpoverty.第48页第48页VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,Workbook2.Thesegregationofthepoorfromtheaffluentisnewbecausethepoorstillliveinthemiserablehousinginthecentralareaofacitywhiletheaffluentmiddleclasshavemovedouttothesuburbs,sothereislittlechancefortheaffluenttoseethepoor.Well-meaningignorancereferstothelackofawarenessoftheexistenceofpovertyonthepartofthemiddleclasswhoactuallyhavegoodintentions.第49页第49页VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,WorkbookThemiddleclasshearmuchabouturbanrenewal,andwhentheyseeaslumtorndownandmodernbuildingsstandinitsplace,theyfeelgratified,thinkingthatthepoorarebeingtakencareof,notknowingthatmoreandmorepoorpeoplearebeingsqueezedintoexistingslums.第50页第50页IX.SAtoEx.III,P.37,Workbook1.CanIbeexemptfromtheregularphysicalexaminationthisyear?IjusthadonethreemonthsagobeforeIwenttothesummercamp.2.CouldyoutellmeagainwhatIshoulddonext?Whatyousaidyesterdayhasslippedoutofmymind.3.WeallassumedthatDavewasatrustworthyperson,butitturnedoutthatwewerewrong.第51页第51页IX.SAtoEx.III,P.37,Workbook4.Hismisfortunewascompoundedbyhiswife’sillnessandhislossofjob.5.Whetherornottherearelivingbeingsinouterspaceisofperennialinteresttoman.6.Whenyouareundergreatstrain,youwillnotbeabletothinkclearly.7.Jimtendstolosehistemperwhenhisadviceisnotheeded.8.Inspiteofhisgreatleaning,theteacherfindsitdifficulttoarticulatehisstudents’needs.第52页第52页第53页第53页TEXTII

…Meanwhile,HumanEatPetFoodI.OrganizationoftheText1.Author’sexperiencesofpetfoodconsumption(Paragraphs1–7)a.Thefirsttimeduringmyyouth(Para.1)b.Thesecondtimeinthesummerof1953(Paragraphs2-4)c.Thenexttimein1956(Paragraph5)d.Laterinthelate1950’s(Paragraph6)第54页第54页I.OrganizationoftheTexte.Mylaterexperience(Paragraph7)(Whenhefirstobservedpeopleeatingpetfood,itwasamonghisneighborsandacquaintancesintheSouth.Thenhehadthepersonalexperiencesofeatingit.Butlaterhefounditcommonamongalargernumberofpeople.Andwhat’smore,someatethingsworsethanpetfood.Hisexperiencesandobservations,apartfromfollowingthetimeorder,alsofollowtheorderofincreasingseverity.)第55页第55页I.OrganizationoftheText2.Conclusion(Paragraphs8–9)

(Withregardtonumbers,heavoidsbeingtooexactandspecific,knowingfullywellthathecanhardlyaffordtobeso.Notehisuseofwordslike“conservative,estimate,atleast,some,”andalsothesentence“Whoknowshowmanymoremillionssupplementtheirdietwithpet-foodproducts?”Such第56页第56页I.OrganizationoftheTextqualificationsdonotweakenhisargument.Heseemstothinkthedataavailableatpresentarealreadysufficienttodrawtheconclusion.Ashesaysneartheend,

itwouldbesufficienttoknowthatthereisonechildorasingleelderlypersonintheU.S.whoisreducedtoeatingpetfood.)第57页第57页II.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1patty:foodcutintoverysmallpieces,formedintosmallflatshapes,andcooked馅饼，肉饼sizzle:tomakeasoundlikewaterfallingonhotmetalorfoodcookinginhotfat咝咝地响spaceheater:anelectricorfuel-burningmachineforheatinganenclosedareaorroom小型供热器第58页第58页Paragraph1dilapidated:(ofthings)inbadconditionbecauseofageorlackofcare;fallingtopieces荒废，坍坏，老旧unrelenting:continuous,withoutdecreasinginpoweroreffort连续，不间断stench:averystrongbadsmell恶臭，臭气第59页第59页Paragraph2attheendoftherainbow:可望而不可即地方chase(after)therainbow(s):做白日梦，幻想，想入非非turnsb.away:refusetogiveone’ssympathy,help,orsupporttosb.回绝帮助某人；把…某人打发走第60页第60页Paragraph2nestegg:anamountofmoneysavedforspecialfutureuse储备金pilfer:tosteal(smallamountofthingsoflittlevalue)小偷小摸，盗窃surreptitiously:secretly,especiallyfordishonestreasons秘密地第61页第61页Paragraph3self-sufficiency:thestateorqualityofbeingself-sufficient(abletoprovideforone’sneedswithoutoutsidehelp,especially(ofacountry)withoutbuyinggoodsandservicesfromabroad自给自足；过于自信第62页第62页Paragraph3seekout:(usu.formal.,olduse,orliterary)=searchout,tofindsomethingorsomeonebylookinghardE.g.:IttookmeseveralweekstoseekoutthebootsthatIwanted.第63页第63页Paragraph4mealy:likeorcontainingmeal粗粉状；粉状E.g.:abutterflywithmealywings有粉翅蝴蝶themiller’smealyhands磨坊工人沾粉双手第64页第64页Paragraph7turnup:findsomethingbychance,asbydiggingorsearchingE.g.:Justhowdoyouintendtoturnupthenecessaryproof?Youneverknowwhenyoumayturnupanancientcoininthispartofthecountry,whichissorichinhistory.第65页第65页Paragraph9incontrovertible:impossibletodisprove;indisputable不容置疑，无可反驳E.g.:absoluteandincontrovertibletruth颠扑不破绝对真理Theevidenceofbraininjuryisincontrovertible.脑子受伤证据是确凿无疑。第66页第66页Paragraph9bountiful:freelygiven,generous;plentiful慷慨，大方；充足，丰富reducesomebodyorsomethingto:tobringorforceto(especiallyaweakerorlessfavorablestate)使处于，迫使forage:foodsuppliesforhorsesandcattle草料，饲料第67页第67页III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook1.ProbablyhewasbornandbroughtupinapoorfamilyintheSouth.Mostofhisneighboursandacquaintanceswereporandunderfed;thereforeeatingpetfoodwasnotunusualatall.2.Theword“surreptitiously”means“secretly,stealthily”.Thefactthatheboughtandatepetfoodsurreptitiouslyshowsthathethoughtitindecent,undignified,orhumiliatingforhumanstoeatpetfood.第68页第68页III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook3.Hetooksomuchprideinfindingbyhimselfthemeansforsustenancethathewouldnotthinkoflivingoncharityandaskingforhelp.Consequentlyhewouldhavetostarveorbereducedtoeatingpetfood.4.Theyhadtoeatsomethingevenworsethanpetfood,suchasbakingsoda,bakingpowder,laundrystarch,tobacco,clay,sand,etc.第69页第69页III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook5.Occurringnotsystematicallyorregularly,butfoundoccasionallyhereandthere.6.Hisestimatelackssufficientsolidepidemiologicalevidencethatshowsaspecificpercentageofpeopleeatpetfood.Forfearofoverestimatingthefigurehechoosestogiveaconservativeestimate.第70页第70页III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook7.Fromhispersonalexperiencesandfromwhatheobserved,thosewhoeatpetfoodarecompelledtodosobypoverty.8.Itcouldbe“TheU.S.alwaysclaimstobethewealthiestandmostaffluentcountryintheworld;meanwhile,humanseatpetfood.”第71页第71页III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook9.No.Buthehaspresenteditintheformofarhetoricalquestioninthelastparagraph:Mustwewaitforincontro