英国发电量分析报告-培训课件外文版2024.6海上风电光伏储能

INDUSTRIES

&

MARKETSElectricitygenerationintheUKCHAPTER

01OverviewElectricitygenerationworldwidefrom1990to2022(interawatt-hours)Globalelectricityproduction1990-202235,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0003Description:Globalelectricitygenerationhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthepastthreedecades,risingfromlessthan12,000terawatt-hoursin1990toover29,000terawatt-hoursin2022.Duringthisperiod,electricitygenerationworldwideonlyregisteredanannualdeclinetwice:in2009,followingtheglobalfinancialcrisis,andin2020,amidthecoronaviruspandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):Kearney;KPMG;TheEnergyandResourcesInstituteDistributionofelectricitygenerationworldwidein2022,byenergysourceGlobalelectricitymix2022,byenergysourceShareofglobalelectricityproduction0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%CoalNaturalgasHydro35.67%22.82%14.9%Nuclear9.15%Wind7.38%Solar4.59%Otherfossil*BioenergyOtherrenewables**2.94%2.34%0.31%4Description:Fossilfuelsremainthegreatestsourceofelectricitygenerationworldwide.In2022,coalaccountedforroughly35.7percentoftheglobalpowermix,whilenaturalgasfollowedwitha23percentshare.China,India,andtheUnitedStatesaccountedforthelargestshareofcoalusedforelectricitygenerationin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*Includesoilandpetroleumproducts,andmanufacturedgases.**Includesgeothermal,tidal,andwavepower.Percentagesmightnotaddupto100becauseofrounding.Releasedatesetasdateoflastaccess.

ReadmoreSource(s):EmberAnnualnetelectricitysupplyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1970to2022(interawatt-hours)NetelectricitysupplyintheUnitedKingdom1970-20224003503002502001501005001970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

20225Description:In2022,approximately310terawatt-hoursofelectricityweresuppliedintheUK.Thoughthisfigurerepresentsanincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear,figureshaveshownanoveralldownwardtrendsince2005,whenthenetpowersupplyamountedtoabout377terawatt-hours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1970to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKAnnualelectricitydemandintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023(interawatt-hours)ElectricitydemandintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2000-20234204003803603403203002000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023*6Description:TheUnitedKingdom’sdemandforelectricityhasbeendecliningsince2005,dippingbelow310terawatt-hoursin2023.ꢀSomefactorsforthisdecreasingaredecliningpopulationgrowthinthecountry,energyefficiencyregulations,energy-efficientlighting,andchangingconsumerhabits.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*ProvisionalfigureFigureshavebeenrounded.ThisstatisticusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKmateriallicensedunder©Crown,theOpenGovernmentLicensev3.0

ReadmoreCHAPTER

02KeyfiguresPlantloadfactor(PLF)ofallpowerstationsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022PlantloadfactorofallpowerstationsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-202250%46%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%43%42.6%42.6%42.2%41.6%41.8%41.7%41.1%41.3%39.9%39.7%39.4%0%20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120228Description:In2022,theplantloadfactor(PLF)ofallpowerstationsintheUnitedKingdomamountedto43percent,upfrom41.3percentayearearlier.Loadfactorsaretheratioofhowmuchelectricitywasproducedasashareofthetotalgeneratingcapacity.Inthepastdecade,thePLFofallpowerstationsintheUKoscillatedbetweenamaximumof46percentin2010andalowof39.4percentin2017.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKNumberofoperationalpowerstationsintheUnitedKingdomin2022,bygenerationtypeNumberofpowerstationsintheUnitedKingdom2022,bytypeNumberofpowerstations200

3000100400500600700SolarPVWind(onshore)640428NaturalflowhydroWind(offshore)12548Combined-cyclegasturbinesSinglecycle342819BioenergyNuclear54PumpedhydroConventionalsteam39Description:Solarandwindplantsaccountedformorethan80percentofalloperatingpowerstationsintheUnitedKingdomin2022.Thatyear,therewere640solarPVstations,428onshorewindturbines,and48offshorewindstations.Hydrowasanotherrenewablesourcewithahighnumberofpowerstations,at129.TherewerealsofiveoperatingnuclearpowerstationsintheUK.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2022;FiguresareforstationsownedoroperatedbyMajorPowerProducers.Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UK;IndigenouselectricityproductionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023,bysourcetype(ingigawatt-hours)ElectricityproductionintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2000-2023,byoriginMPPsAutoProducersOthersources**450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,00002000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023*10Description:Majorpowerproducers(MPPs)accountedformorethan80percentofindigenouselectricityproductionintheUnitedKingdomin2023,withapproximately232terawatt-hoursproduced.Meanwhile,electricityproductionfromautoproducersamountedtosome52terawatt-hoursthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*Provisional.ꢀ;**Othersourcesincludegrosssupplyfrompumpedstoragehydro.ꢀThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKmaterialfrom©Crown,[...]

ReadmoreElectricityproductionfromautoproducersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2000to2023(ingigawatt-hours)Auto-producedelectricitysupplyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2000-202360,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,00002000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023*11Description:ElectricityproductionfromautoproducersintheUnitedKingdomamountedtoslightlyover52terawatt-hoursin2023.Thisfigurerepresentsadecreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear,whenthecountry'sauto-producedelectricitysupplyamountedtoaround52.8terawatt-hours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;*ProvisionalSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022,bysource(interawatt-hours)ElectricityproductionintheUnitedKingdom2010-2022,bysourceGasCoalWind&solarNuclearOtherrenewablesHydroOilandothersources*45040035030025020015010050020102015201620172018201920202021202212Description:CoalisbeingsteadilyphasedoutoftheUnitedKingdom'selectricitysupplymix.In2010,coalpoweramountedto107.6terawatt-hours.Adecadelater,lessthan10terawatt-hourswereannuallyproducedfromcoal.Meanwhile,in2022,renewablesourceswerethemainfuelusedforelectricityintheUK,withnearly135terawatt-hoursgenerated.Nevertheless,inthesecondpositionwasgas,with125terawatt-hoursworthofelectricitygenerated.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022;*Includesgenerationfrompumpedstorage.Thisstatisticwascompiledusingseveralreleasesofthepublication.ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludes[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UK;OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)DistributionofmonthlyelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdomfromFebruary2023toMarch2024,bysourceElectricityproductionbreakdownintheUnitedKingdommonthly2023-2024,bysourceWindGasNuclearBioenergySolarHydroCoal50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%-5%Feb'23Mar'23Apr'23May'23Jun'23Jul'23Aug'23Sep'23Oct'23Nov'23Dec'23Jan'24Feb'24Mar'2413Description:NaturalgasdominatedtheUnitedKingdom'selectricitymixin2023,havingconsistentlyaccountedforamonthlyshareofover40percent.However,cleanenergysourcescontributedtheremainingelectricitygenerationinthecountry.ThecontributionofwindtotheUK'spowermixexceededthatofgasfromOctober2023toMarch2024,surpassinga40percentshareofthecountry'selectricitygenerationinDecember2023,February,andMarch2024.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;February2023toMarch2024Source(s):GECF;RefinitivCHAPTER

03ConventionalelectricityNaturalgasusedinthegenerationofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2023(inmilliontonsofoilequivalent)GasusedtogenerateelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-20233532.433025201510526.5825.6324.5923.5123.4222.1721.8519.9118.6218.7318.2817.717.49020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023*15Description:NaturalgasusedforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdomamountedtoroughly17.5milliontonsofoilequivalentin2023,downfromsome22milliontonsofoilequivalentinthepreviousyear.Annualnaturalgasuseforelectricitygenerationinthecountryhasseenamostlydownwardtrendinthepastdecade.In2020,renewablessurpassednaturalgasforthefirsttimeastheleadingsourceofelectricityintheUK.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2023;*ProvisionalSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCoalusedinthegenerationofelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(in1,000metrictons)CoalusedtogenerateelectricityintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-202260,00054,90149,87350,00040,00030,00020,00010,000041,85041,49838,23429,33012,05520168,71620176,65520182,90620192,65420212,32720202,254202220102011201220132014201516Description:CoaluseforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdomdroppedsharplyinthepastdecade,standingataround2.25millionmetrictonsin2022.Incomparisontodecade-peakrecordedin2012,thisrepresentedadecreaseofmorethan95percent.Coalisexpectedtobephased-outasanelectricitysourceintheUKby2025.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKAveragepriceoffossilfuelsboughtbymajorpowerproducersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)fromQ12012toQ22023(inpenceperkilowatt-hour)QuarterlyfuelpriceformajorpowerproducersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2012-2023CoalOilNaturalgas9.08.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.017Description:NaturalgaswasthemostexpensivefossilfuelboughtbymajorpowerproducersintheUnitedKingdom,at5.01penceperkilowatt-hourinthesecondquarterof2023.Thisrepresentsroughlya13percentincreasecomparedtothesamequarterayearprior.Theaveragepriceofnaturalgaspeakedinthethirdquarterof2022,at5.97penceperkilowatt-hour.Nonetheless,figuresslightlydecreasedto5.34penceperkilowatt-hourinthefirstquarterof2023.Bycomparison,atthatsametime,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;Q12012toQ22023;*Priceswereroundedup.ThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKmaterialfrom©Crown,licensedundertheOpen[...]

ReadmoreThermalefficiencyofcombinedcyclegasturbinestationsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(inpercentage)ThermalefficiencyofcombinedcyclegasturbinestationsintheUK2010-202260%48.9%48.7%48.9%48.8%48.9%49%48.1%48%48.3%50%40%30%20%10%0%47.7%47.1%47.2%47.2%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202218Description:ThethermalefficiencyofcombinedcyclegasturbinestationsintheUnitedKingdomhasremainedrelativelystableovertheyears.Thermalefficiencyistheefficiencywithwhichheatenergycontainedinfuelisconvertedintoelectricalenergy.In2022,combinedcyclegasturbinestationshadathermalefficiencyof49percent,whichmeansthat49percentoftheenergyincyclegaswasconvertedtoelectricity.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricitygeneratedusingnuclearfuelintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2005to2022(interawatt-hours)ElectricitygeneratedbynuclearfuelintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2005-20228581.6280757065605550454075.4571.7370.4170.6170.3470.3469.168.9865.0663.7563.0362.1456.18201952.49200850.28202047.7245.9200520062007200920102011201220132014201520162017201820212022*19Description:TheamountofelectricitygeneratedusingnuclearfuelintheUnitedKingdomamountedtoaround47.7terawatt-hoursin2022,oneofthelowestvaluesrecordedin15years.TheelectricitygenerationcapacityofUK'snuclearplantsisforecasttodecreaseuntilatleast2030.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2005to2022;*ProvisionalSource(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

04RenewablesGenerationofelectricityfromrenewablesourcesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(ingigawatthours)ElectricityproducedfromrenewablesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202221Description:ElectricitygenerationfromrenewablesourcesintheUnitedKingdomhasincreasedconsiderablyintheperiodofconsideration,peakingatsome135terawatthoursin2022.In2021,renewableelectricitygenerationregisteredasmalldecline.Inthatyear,renewableelectricityproductionamountedtoaround122terawatthours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricitygenerationfromwindintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2015to2022(interawatt-hours)WindelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2015-2022OnshoreOffshore50454045.0240.735.5135.2434.73531.83230.429.1528.73025201510526.522.920.720.917.416.402015201620172018201920202021202222Description:OnshorewindfarmsintheUnitedKingdomgenerated35.2terawatt-hoursofelectricityin2022,anincreaseofroughly20percentincomparisontothepreviousyear.OffshorewindpoweroutputintheUKsurpassedthatofonshorein2022.Morethan45terawatt-hoursofoffshorewindpowerweregeneratedthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2015to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKGenerationofelectricityfrombioenergyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from1990to2022(ingigawatt-hours)BioenergyelectricitygenerationintheUnitedKingdom1990-202245,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00040,04739,51537,52635,82035,10131,89430,06629,25722,61918,10014,734201215,00010,0005,000013,313201112,26120109,10220053,88220001,64219955961990201320142015201620172018201920202021202223Description:TheUnitedKingdomgeneratedapproximately596gigawatt-hoursofelectricityderivedfrombioenergysourcesin1990,withfiguresclimbingto35.8gigawatt-hoursby2022.Bioenergyincludeslandfillgas,sewagesludgedigestion,wastecombustion,co-firingwithfossilfuel,animalbiomass,plantbiomass,andanaerobicdigestion.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1990to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK)ElectricitygeneratedfromsolarphotovoltaicsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(ingigawatt-hours)ElectricitygenerationfromsolarPVintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-202214,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,0000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202224/statistics/555593/electricity-generation-solar-photovoltaics-ukElectricitygeneratedfromsolarphotovoltaicsintheUnitedKingdompresentedatrendofsignificantgrowthintheperiodofconsideration,amountingto13,283gigawatt-hoursin2022.Between2010and2021,figuresincreasedbyover300-fold.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKElectricitygeneratedfromsmallscaleandlargescalehydrointheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2010to2022(ingigawatthours)ElectricitygenerationfromhydrointheUnitedKingdom(UK)2010-2022SmallscaleLargescale6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202225Description:ElectricitygeneratedfromsmallscalehydrosourcesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)hasincreasedoverallintheperiodofconsideration,whilethatoflargescalehydrosourceshasseensomefluctuation.In2022,theUKrecorded1.4terawatthoursworthofelectricityfromsmallhydropowerfacilities.Atthatsametime,largescalehydropowerplantsgeneratedroughly4.2terawatthoursworthofelectricity.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2010to2022Source(s):DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNet-Zero(UK);GOV.UKCHAPTER

05OutlookProjectedelectricitygenerationworldwidein2022withaforecastto2050,byenergysource(in1,000terawatt-hours)Globaloutlookonelectricitygeneration2022-2050,byenergysourceCoalRenewables(incl.hydroelectric)NaturalgasNuclearLiquidfuels45403530252015105020222025*2030203520402045205027Description:Itisprojectedthatelectricitygeneratedworldwidewillincreasebynearly50percentinthecomingthreedecades,toreachsome42thousandterawatt-hoursby2050.Thatyear,renewablesareexpectedtobethelargestsourceofglobalelectricity,accountingfo