新托福强化听力讲义

新托福强化听力讲义

新托福考试听力部分介绍

1.新托福和旧托福的对比

考试形式预读题目笔记题型

PBT旧托福PaperYesNo1/4multiplechoice

IBT新托福InternetNoYesNewtypes

2.题量，时间，分数

文章类型题量题目数时间

CONVERSATION2-35/conversation2-3min/conversation

LECTURE4-66/lecture4-6min/lecture

TOTAL6-9（加试）3460-90min

SCALESCORE:30见OG185评分标准

3.题目的考查形式

>考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本

>电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书

>新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题

>答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限

>答题流程：永不悔改

4.文章材料的考查形式

>文章结构：删除了旧托福的PARTA部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查

>文章长度：比旧托福长

>文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活

>文章类型：对话，独白，讨论

>CONVERSATION文章思路

提出问题（场景归纳）分析问题解决问题

>LECTURE文章思路

寒暄开头老师的讲课利总结结尾

5.新托福考试题型概述

题号问题题型

1Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?Gistquestion

Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationshouldthestudentDetailQuestion

2

includeinherstatementofpurpose?

WhatdoestheprofessorconsiderunusualaboutthestudenfsDetailQuestion

3

background?

WhydoestheprofessortellastoryabouthisfriendwhowentotDetailQuestion

4

medicalschool?

WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthepeoplewhoadmitInferencequestion

5

studentstograduateschool?

6Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?Gistquestion

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Purposequestion

7

Whydoesthewomansaythis?

Accordingtotheconversation,whyaretransposessometimesDetailQuestion

8

called“jumpinggenes”？

Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichDetailQuestion

9

bacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?

WhatcanbeinferredabouttheresistancegenesdiscussedinInferencequestion

10

theconversation?

11Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Gistquestion

Whatistheprofessor'spointofviewconcerningthemethodofDetailQuestion

12

“safeyield”？

Accordingtotheprofessor,whataretwoproblemsassociatedDetailQuestion

13

withremovingwterfromanundergroundsystem?

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Purposequestion

14

Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?

15Whatisakeyfeatureofasustainablewatersystem?DetailQuestion

WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutwatersystemsmanagedbyInferencequestion

16

the“safeyield"method?

17WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlato'sdescriptionofsociety?Gistquestion

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Attitudequestion

18

Whydoestheprofessorimplyaboutplato'sethicaltheory?

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Purposequestion

19

Whydoestheprofessoraskthis?

20WhataretwopointsthatreflectPlato'sviewsabouteducation?DetailQuestion

Basedoninformationinthelecture,indicatewhethertheOrganizationquestion

21statementsbelowabouthumanemotionreflectbeliefsheldby

Plato,

AccordingtoPlato,whatisthemaincharacteristicofagoodorDetailQuestion

22

justperson?

23Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?Gistquestion

Accordingtotheprofessor,whydidonescientistgrowaryeplantDetailQuestion

24

inwater?

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Purposequestion

25

Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?

TheprofessormentionshouseplantsthatreceivetoomuchDetailQuestion

26

water.Whydoesshementionthem?

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Purposequestion

27

Whydoestheprofessorintendtoexplain?

Accordingtotheprofessor,whatsimilarityistherebetweenDetailQuestion

28

crabgrassandryeplants?

29Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Gistquestion

WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutaconstructioncompanythatDetailQuestion

30

hasworkindifferentcities?

Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Purposequestion

31

Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?

Whatisanexampleofaviolationofthe“unityofcommand”DetailQuestion

32

principle?

Accordingtotheprofessor,wheremighttherebeaconflictinanDetailQuestion

33

organizationalstructurebasedonbothprojectsandfunction?

IndicatewhethereachsentencebelowdescribesfunctionalOrganizationquestion

34organizationorprojectorganization.Placeacheckmarkinthe

correctbox.

>Gistquestion:6

>Detailquestion:16

>Purposequestion:6

>Attitudequestion:1

>Organizationquestion:2

>Inferencequestion:3

6.界面展示

7.旧T新托福资料说明——听力部分

图片资料名称特点推荐使用方法

TheOfficial•题目数量不多•精听精做

__»•OMU>Mr»“1

9、新托福考dStudyGuide•难度较简单•题目分类研究

TFT~l?

•题型全面，和考试相同，质量高•文章精读研究

由注"11•不建议模考

ETSTOEFL•一共14套，其中新东方引进4套，还•精听精做

PRACTICE有2套是0G题目，其他全部为全真试•建议最后冲刺模

ONLINE题考

•难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出

现

•题型全面，场景全面

，DELTA新托福•题目数量大，后面有四套模拟试题•精听精做

出.考试备考策略•前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模•建议考前强化训

DELTAS"：»

'u^cnaren.~.与模拟试题拟练

TOEFLTEST

•听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快•对语速跟读模仿

些

•题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻

澧，

DELTA新托福•题目数量大，有六套模拟试题•建议考前模拟

晒赠考试模拟试题•具体特点同蓝皮de值•对语速跟读模仿

」

rLsr**nnT>ON

TOCFLTEST

—一e.

BARRON新托•题目数量大，后面有7套模拟试题•建议平时精听训

1瑜如福考试全真模•难度偏小，在基础班使用练

ss

考题与精解

「q

KAPLAN模考•有四套模拟试题•考前模考

T

OEFLwniwBcxoTM试题四套•听力部分略难，语速略快

m«JW*CUTMM

•配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉

.■

THOMSON模•只有两套题，但质量很好，文章难度适•建议模考

I■™THOMSON考试题两套中，题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上

卜

略难一些，和考试非常相似。

Longman新托•题目非常简单•对水平不好的学

福考试综合教•题型脱离托福考试，可以做基础教材生进行基础训练，

飞钻嗨口

程循序渐进

1，

北极星英语系•由大约10个单元的题材加最后的一些•建议做基础训练

新TOEH.JfuC列教程——新模考题组成

TOEFL考试技•题材贴近托福考试范围，可以做基础训

能培训教程系练使用

列

《新托福考试•文章难略不平均•不建议使用

听力特训》•题目脱离托福考试

W&s

型口

眠K二

a-

aan《TOEFLiBT•技巧讲解偏多•建议通读

T®EFL/BT听力新思维》•涉及语音、词汇的部分讲解很详细

听力新思维

•珏

…・，

《TOEFLiBT•和旧托福版本改版不多•建议通读

TeEFLE听力习语必备》•新托福考试更少的设计听力习语

听力习语必备

托福听力中的九大语音问题

1.语速问题

>托福听力过程中的语速问题

>如何解决语速问题

2.连读问题

>托福听力过程中的连读问题

(1)关键性词语出现连读：否定形式

•notatall：Themeetingyesterdaywasn'tatallboring.

(2)常用性词语出现连读

•forhim

>连读中的基本规则

(1)辅音+元音连读

•Iwasfoundonthegroundbythefountainaboutafieldofasummerstride.

•Notatall.

•Rushhour.

•ThisdictionaryisnotexactlywhatIwantedbutitwilldo.

•Travelagency,travelagent

(2)辅音+辅音连读

•Somemoney,bikekey

(3)元音+元音连读

•Beontime

•Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway

(4)H连读

•Ilenthimabook.

•Larryistakingalotofart,isn'the?

•Thestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohavehelped.

•Imusthaveleftmykeysatmysister'shouse.

•Shelearnedtousethecomputeronherown.

(5)其他特殊连读

•[t]+[j]=[ch]：meetyou,hurtyou,thatyour

■[d]+[j]=[dg]：wouldyou,handyour,didyou

•[s]+[j]=[sh]：missyou,thisyear

•[z]+[j]=[g]：asusual,becauseyou

•Example:won'tyou,don'tyou,didn'tyou,haven'tyou,hadn*tyou,wouldn'tyou,

weren*tyou,lastyear,nextyear,notyet,didyou,hadyou,wouldyou,Iadviceyou,I

useyour,how'syour

>如何解决连读问题

3.失爆问题

>托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象

•Sitdown,goodnight,friendly

•-thiscalculatorisn5tworkingright.

-Ithinkyou'vegotthebatteryinupsidedown.

>如何解决失爆问题

4.略读问题

>托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来

•Iam=Pm,youhave=you've,howis=how's,thatwould=thafd

•Doesn't,didn't,shouldn't,hadn't,hasn't,wouldn't,won't

•OfficialguideP199：OK.Sowe'vetalkedaboutsomedifferenttypesofrootsystemsofplants,

andrveshownyousomeprettycoolslides,butnowIwanttotalkabouttheextentoftherot

system-theoverallsizeoftherootsystem...thedepth.

>如何解决略读问题

•I'm,you're,she's,they're,there's,he's,who's

•We've,hell,she'd,shell,she's,they'd,they've,theyll

•Can't,weren't,won't,aren't,wouldn't,shouldn't

•Gotta,gonna

5.弱读问题

>托福听力过程中的弱读问题

(1)介词弱化：

•stayathome,doitforfun,comefromChina,gointhehouse,acupofcoffee,thetrainto

Paris

(2)代词弱化：

•Phoneuswhenyouarefree.

・I'velostmybook.

(3)连词弱化：

•Pleasegivemesomecreamandsugar.

•EitherTomorPetercancome.

＞如何解决弱读问题

6.英美音差异问题

＞托福听力过程中的英美音问题

(1)【r】音问题

•Idea,really

•Theyweren'tatthedormlastnight.

(A)Theywenttothedormitory.

(B)Theydidn'tgotothedormitory.

•-Thesnowisreallycomingdown,isn'tit?

-RarelydowehavesomuchsnowinDecember.

-Whatdoesthemanmean?

(A)itistypicalDecemberweatherforthisregion.

(B)suchalargeamountofsnowisunusualforthismonth.

(2)[o][al

・Glass,class,fast

•Hot,box,rock

(3)其他情况

•Neither

＞如何解决英美音问题

•常见易混音:Course-cause,oncemore-onesmall,career-Korea,worse-was,bore-ball,

door-doll,core-call,tear-tea,short-shot

・不加儿化音的词：China,Australia,banana,wall

•常见英美音不同读法：Neither,either,record,cupboard,cassette,garage,laboratory,adult,

ordinary,secretary,dictionary

7.词性变音问题

＞托福听力过程中的词性变音问题

・Method-methodically

・校园词：匚的变音：meteorology,economics,geography

＞如何解决词性变音问题

8.Company-companion,library-librarian,geography-geographical,ignore-ignorant,

photo-photographer-photographic,deciare-declaration,economy-economic-economical,

invite-invitation,technology-technological,type-typical缩写问题

＞托福听力过程中的缩写问题

•Sitcom

•Chemlab

•prof

＞如何解决词性缩写问题

・Intro.Course=introductorycourse导论t生课Demo=demonstration演示

•Memo=memorandum备忘录Info.=Information信息

•Expo=exposition博览会Chem.=chemistry化学

•Comm.=commerce商业Tech=technology技术

Ad.=advertisement广告Dorm=dormitory寝室

M.A.=MasterofArts文学硕士M.S.=MasterofScience理学硕士

B.A.=BachelorofArts文学士B.S.=BachelorofScience理学士

alga=algebra代数学、代数anat=anatomy解剖学、解剖

archit=architecture建筑学、建筑arith=arithmetic算术、算术

astron=astronomy天文学、天文eng=engineering工程学、工程

electr=electricity电学、电fin=finance财政学、财政

geol=geology地质学、地质geom=geometryJU可学、几彳可

gram=grammar文法hist=history历史、史

ling=linguistics语言学、语言maths=mathematics数学、数学

mech=mechanics机械学、机械med=medical医学、医

met=meteorology气象学、气象myth=mythology神话

phil=philosophy哲学phon=phonetics语言学、语言

photo=photography摄影术、摄影phys=physics物理学、物理

physiol=physiology生理学、生理pol=politics政治学、政治

psych=psychology心理学、心理

9.数字问题

＞托福听力过程中的数字问题

•Whatisthelengthofeachoftheserivers?

Miles

2,3073,4364,0074,145

Amazon

Mississippi

Nile

Yangtze

＞如何解决词性数字问题

•逗号原则

•1,234,567,890:

新托福听力记笔记NOTETAKING

记笔记的两种形式

•>:surpass,exceed

•<:lessthan

・=:equalto,thesameas

•difference

・t:increase,promote,enhance,improve

•I:decrease,fall,worsen

•+:plus,add,besides,moreover

•—:minus,deduct,except

•:resultin,leadto

•一:originatefrom,datebackto

•V:correct,good,positive,affirmative

•X：wrong,bad,mistaken,negative

•☆:outstanding,elite

•V:because,owingto,thanksto,since,as

•therefore,consequently,asaresult,so,hence

•£:total,amount

・y:government

>缩写

•ableBL:PRBL,RSBL,DBL

•ingG:SHPG

•tionN:OPTN,NAN

•mentT:AGRMT

•izeZ:RCGNZ,OGNZ

•tiveTV:EFCTV,

•fulFL:SCFL

•lessLS:RGDLS

•ent/antT:URGT

•al/ialL:ARVL

＞练习

SampleScript:

Americanuniversitieshavebeenofferingclassesonlinethroughcomputersforanumberofyears.

Now,somenewlycreatedcollegesareofferingacademicdegreesonline.Oneuniversityoffersboth

bachelor'sdegreesandmaster'sdegrees.Officialsaytheytrytoprovidestudentswithasocial

experienceaswellasaneducationalone.Forexample,insomeprograms,groupsofthesamesix

studentsprogressthroughalltheirclassestogether.Theycommunicatebycomputer.Anotheronline

schoolusesaproblem-solvingmethodofteaching.Studentsattempttosolverealproblemsintheir

classesonlineinsteadofreadinginformation.

Studentswhohavetakenonlineclassessaytheylikethembecausetheydonothavetotravelto

buildingatasettimetolistentoaprofessor.Professorssaytheyhavebettercommunicationwith

studentsthroughe-mailnotesthantheydoinmanytraditionalclasses.

新托福听力文章套路

1.托福听力中的重点原则

＞原则一：大写原则

＞原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则

＞原则三：重复原则

＞原则四：转折对比原则

＞原则五：强调原则

＞原则六：比较原则

＞原则七：建议原则

＞原则八：举例原则

＞原则九：现在原则

＞原则十：解释原则

＞原则十一：因果原则

＞原则十二：观点态度原则

＞原则十三：特殊问句原则

2.举例：OFFICIALGUIDEPRACTICESET1——CONVERSATION

3.举例：OFFICIALGUIDEPRACTICESET2——LECTURE

新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇

新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇

1.课程相关事务场景

>场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。一定以conversation出现，常见话题有：安

排考试，调课事宜，课程辅助材料等。

>常见套路：

(1)和考试相关考试分数；考试复习；安排考试；考试分数

(2)和课程相关课程目的；课程类型；课程形式，课程作业

(3)和作业相关作业类型；作业方法；交作业相关

(4)和论文相关论文的分数

>场景词汇:

•Discussion,presentation,topic,lecture,goodchoice,slide,library,collection,check,librarian

•Report,officehour,submit,ondisk,hardcopy,softcopy,computer,print,computerlab

■Project,tonof,cover,re-write,researchdata,information,input,complete

•Termpaper,grade,complicated,terriblemistake,editedversion,overtired,stressed,rushing

againsttheclock,mark,draft,print,finalpaper,maintainingaverage,application,drop,re-take,

due,extention,discuss,checkback,re-reading,submission

•Information,examschedule,term,date,book,department,invigilator,signup,sheet,bulletin

board,facultylounge,square,draft,dean,review,drawup,manually,consult,register

•Physiology100,sophomore,secondyearcourse,firstyearstudent,transfer,beginmyfirst

lecture,introduce,complete,approach,lawsofphysicsandchemistry,processoflife,vital

force,philosophicalapproach,scientificexperimentation

•Finalexam,midterm,multiplechoicequestion,essayquestion,comprehensiveexam,the

subject,review,textbook,classnote,thefinalwillcountfor50%ofyourgrade,researchproject,

runintoproblems

•Schoolbulletin,requiredwritingcourse,firstyearstudent,thirdyearstuent,researchpaper,

signup,covertheentireprocessofwritingaresearchpaper,selectingtopic,finalformat,

presentation,handin,assignment,finalgrade

•Classmeeting,lecture,differentconcept,handin,issue,revision,grade

•Researchpaper,due,proposedtopics,makecomment,themostfrequentproblem,broad,

preliminaryoutline,schedule,available,appointment,finaloutline,nomorethantwopages

long,thesisstatement,precisestatement,conclusion

•Workshop,intensive,techniquesandskills,personalattention,register,advantage

•Consecutivesummer,communitycenter,seminar,workshop,beginningstudents,advanced

students,lastfourweeks,creditisawarded,information

•Discuss,schedule,midterm,administer,attendance,optionalclass

>场景例题：

2.相关事务+专业讨论场景

>场景特点：场景性开场白+中间专业内容+场景性结尾。开头老师常见的会有几种寒暄，结尾老师会总

结收场，中间的专业段落在专业场景中会涉及。

>常见套路：

(1)开头寒暄套路

(2)结尾总结套路

>场景词汇：

>场景例题：见专业段落

3.选课场景

>场景特点：一类是学生和学生之间讨论选课，一类是老师和学生之间讨论选课。开场白部分即可判定

其为选课场景，文章内容和结构都相对固定。

>常见套路：

(1)文章的主题：Whydoesthewomacometoseetheman?Whatisthetopicofthe

conversation?Whatisthemainsubjectoftheconversation?

(2)老师对学生的疑问：Whatdoestheprofessorconcernabout?

,课程太难听不懂

•学生选课太多跟不上

•学生基础太差

(3)学生对自己情况的分析

(4)关于退课和放弃课程

(5)文章结尾的延伸:Whatistheteachergoingtodonext?Whatisthestudentgoingtodonext?

Whatdoesthestudentfeelattheendoftheconversation?

>场景词汇：

•Course,semester,summersession,elective,birdcourse,splendor,lecturehall,lab,tough

decision,pick,choose,grade,relaxed,paper,finalexam,advice,signup

•Enquiry,creditcourse,off-campus,program,remote,access,internet,degree,distance

education,diploma,requirement,format,printmaterials,audio-tapes,video,teleconferencing,

deliver,cost,fixeddate,history490

・Drop,fail,math101,rough,test,medschool

•Useyouradvice,dopremed,introductorycourse,non-sciencemajor,beweakin,dopoorlyin,

meetatthesametime,moderndramacourse

•Semester,enrollin,graduatecourse,qualified,hardtimekeepup,favoriteinterest,challenging,

easygrade

•Permissiontoregister,taketheprerequisite,thebeginningcourse,catalog,instructor,previous

experience,formaltraining,decision

•Signature,schedulecard,advisor'sapproval,quiteaheavyload,dropthecourse,seminar

•Signupforanoncreditcourse,intermediatelevel,grade,regularmeeting

•Transfer,bachelor'sdegree,associate,selective,lettersofrecommendation

•Hardcourse,rehearsal,extratime,onceaweek

•Flightprogram,degree,license,excellentreputation,selective,

>场景例题：

4.迟到旷课场景

>场景特点：一个学生由于迟到或者旷课而向另外一个学生询问上课的内容。

>常见套路：

(1)学生旷课迟到的理由：whywasthemanlateforclass?

•车坏了

•得病了

•睡过了

(2)所缺课程的主题：whatisthetopicoftheprofessor'sleturewhichthemanhasmissed?

(3)学生补课的套路

(4)结尾的保证：whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?

>场景词汇：

•feelgood,cover,lecture,pointout,chapter,textbook,part,divide,project,focus,due,showup,

note,transcribe,email

•oversleep,talkabout

•troublewithmycar,lectureseries,attend,admission

•fillmeinsomething,dentist,emergency,missedsomebody'slecture,note,makesense

>场景例题：

5.转学场景

>场景特点：学生想要转学或者转专业，可以涉及的话题还包括转专业申请文书的写作等。

>常见套路：

(1)学生转学转专业的理由？whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?Whydoesthe

professorconsiderunusualaboutthestudentsbackground?

(2)学生转学的特殊情况

(3)学生应该怎样去做

>场景词汇：

•Publicuniversity,privateuniversity,communitycollege,reputation,classsize,personal

attention,individualattention,interact,groupdiscussion,tuition,expense,cost,afford,

affordable,location,environment,largecity,smalltown,collegetown,topstudent,application,

experience,special

6.实验室场景

>场景特点：有些课是在实验室上的，就会涉及到实验室专门的词汇和专业内容背景。

>常见套路：

(1)实验室课程的专门用语

(2)实验室设备的专门用语

>场景词汇：

•Laboratory,researchprocedure,labassistant,retrieveinformation,trackthecourse,monitor,

tracktheprogress

•Labinstructor,labexperience,setup,equipment,result,grade,labnotebook,proper

precautions,protectivegoggles,toxiceffectofchemicals,labprocedure,heavymetal

•Workbook,material,experiment,available

7.图书馆场景

>场景特点：学生和图书馆相关的场景，包括借书还书，图书馆设施，图书馆内遇到的问题麻烦等。

>常见套路：

(1)美国大学图书馆的基本制度

(2)图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施

(3)借书还书相关以及遇到的各种问题

>场景词汇：

•Library,chekout,spreadout,focus,jam,spot,crowd,comfy,faraway

•Due,finish,renew,check,librarycard,late,mixedup,request,fine,overdue,pay,process,sign,

suspend,privilege

•Librarian,facilities,referenceroom,referencematerial,dictionary,bibliography,literatureguide,

telephonebook,periodicalroom,newspaper,magazine,academicjournal,currentissue,older

issue,cardcatalog,listedbytitle,byauthorandbytopic,callnumber

•return,shelves,checkout,reservebook,overnighuse

•secondhandbookstore,inscription,frontcover,signature,poetrybook

•paperbacksection,index

•exitgate,checkout

•reserve,additionalcopy,article

>场景例题：

8.课堂内容讨论场景

>场景特点：学生课下对于课堂的某些问题的讨论，可能涉及作业、教师等话题

>常见套路：

(1)讨论课堂留下的作业。

(2)讨论老师教学质量。

(3)涉及课堂内容，比如学生没有听懂课下讨论上课的某一问题。

9.奖学金场景

>场景特点：学生与奖学金助学金相关的问题咨询工作人员。

>常见套路：

(D咨询奖学金的种类

(2)奖学金授予的资格：Whatcanbeinferredaoutthequalificationstoapplyforbursaries?

(3)如何申请奖学金

(4)奖学金申请的材料

(5)申请到奖学金的可能性

(6)奖学金的网站：Whatisthestudentmostlikelytodoafterthisconversation?

>场景词汇：

•Scholarship,bursary,department,information,financialaid,monetary,grant,determine,

committee,donor,applyfor,financially,inneed,consider,out-of-town,requirement,website,

on-line,submit,official,document,inperson

•scholarship,available,maintain,average,mark,applyfor,applicant,committee,honor,award,

exam,candidate,weight,guarantee,gradepointaverage(GPA),percent,website,address,

rigorous,extra-curricular,hardship,achievement,letterofrecommendation,fill,timeconsuming

job,recommend,eligibility,enrolment

A场景例题：

10.论文场景

A场景特点：学生与写论文相关的问题和教授讨论。内容和结构相对固定。

>常见套路：

(1)论文题目选定

(2)论文中包括的资料查找：Whatinformationwillthemanincludeinhisreport?

(3)老师对论文的后续服务：Whatdoestheprofessoroffertodofortheman?

>场景词汇：

•Organize,essay,topic,chosen,broad,narrowitdown,compare,focused,interested,begin,

discussion,opinion,fact,support,idea,check,statistics,percentage,include,words,rough

draft,outline,breakdown,subtopic,officehour,reference,material

•Researchpaper,discuss,topic,recommend,theory,wo