新教材同步系列2024春高中英语Unit3Conservationperiod4Lesson3课时作业北师大版选择性必修第一册

UNIT3PeriodFour基础练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Theheavyrainhasbroughtgreat________(破坏)totheroadsinthisarea.2．Thecargot________(卡住)inthemudandwasunabletomove.3．Bettywasmuch________(苦恼的)tohearthatshehadfailedintheexam.4．Whenheheardtherumours，________(怒气)filledhimup.5．Inthelasttwo________(十年)，alotoffactorieshavebeenshutdowninourcity.【答案】1.destruction2.stuck3.annoyed4．anger5.decadesⅡ.请将下列词组翻译成汉语1．困在……________________2．比较________________3．与……有关联________________4．放弃________________5．焦虑的________________6．上升________________7．……的数量/数目________________8．找借口________________9．实行行动________________10．沉溺于________________【答案】1.getstuckin...2pareto3．berelatedto...4.giveup5.stressedout6．goup7.thenumberof...8．makeanexcuse9.takeaction10．beaddictedtoⅢ.单句语法填空1．________(compare)totheirhouse，myflatseemstobeapalace.2．Riceproductionhasincreased________5%thisyearcomparedtothatoflastyear.3．________(be)frank，Ithinkyoursonhaslittlechanceofpassingtheexam.4．Itisnotrightforyoungstudentstobeaddictedto________(play)computergames.5．MrsBrowndoesalmostallthehousework________herhusbanddoesnothingofitatall.6．Mydifficultyis________Ireallydon’tknowhowtocommunicatewithher.7．Thesenoisesarequite________(annoy)astheykeepusawakeallnightlong.8．Ijustdon’tknowwhysheoftenreturnshome________(stress)out.【答案】1pared2.by3.Tobe4．playing5.while6.that7．annoying8.stressedⅣ.完成句子1．________________doyoumakephonecallstoyourparents?你多久给父母打一次电话？2．Thelittleboy________________forhisbeinglate.这个孩子为自己迟到找了一个借口。3．Walkingcanhelpto________________．走路可以让你保持健康。4．________________，Itakenointerestinfilms.说实话，我对电影不感爱好。5．Look，theboy________________thestory.瞧，这个孩子对这个故事着迷了。6．Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout，________________？我们过多久就会有一次带着压力、乏累和生气的心情去上班或上学？7．Buttheproblemis________thenumberofcarsisstillgoingup.但问题是，汽车的数量仍在增加。【答案】1.Howoften2.madeanexcuse3．keepyoufit4.Tobefrank5．isaddictedto6.tiredandangry7.that提升练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024广东清远四校联考)OurEarth’soceanscontainsomeofthemostvaluableresources.Astheuseoffossilfuelsandgreenhousegasemissionsbegantoriseinpopularity，thepollutingoftheEarth’soceansdidaswell，leavinglifelongeffectsonallofitsecosystems.Commercialwhalinghasleftseveralwhalespeciesindangerofextinction.ThebluewhalesoftheAntarctichavelessthanonepercentoftheiroriginalnumbers.Over90percentofplasticisn’trecycled，andalargepartofthatnumberfindsitswayintotheoceanandsurroundingbeaches.Thehugeamountofplasticdamageswhales’existence.Plasticisbeingeatenbysealifeaswellasentangling(缠住)them，puttingthemallatmajorrisk.Withoutchange，ourEarth’soceanswillnotbeabletocontinueonformuchlonger.TheDeltaCorporationwassetupin1972，laterknownasOceanConservancy.InthebeginningyearsofOceanConservancy，itsmaininitiative(倡议)wastheWhaleProtectionFund.Thisfundfocusedonsavingthespeciesandprotestingagainstcommercialwhaling.Theygainedthesupportofmany.Tenyearslater，theInternationalWhalingCommissionfinallybannedcommercialwhaling.Itthenchangeditsfocustonotonlywhalesbuttosealsandseaturtlesaswell.Thoughtheymadegreatprogresswiththeseanimals，theycametotheconclusionthattheseanimalscannotdevelopwellwithoutahealthy，sustainableenvironment.TheworkersofOceanConservancythenexpandedtheirfocustothemarineecosystemsandhabitats.OceanConservancyisoneofseveralorganisationsworkingtowardacommongoal:savingtheEarth’soceans.TheyhavestarteddoingthisbycreatingtheWhaleProtectionmovementthatstillexists.Thoughtheyhavemadesignificantprogressthroughouttheyears，thereisstillmuchtobedone.Onlywhenthecommongoalissharedbyallgroups，governments，andindividuals，willrealchangesbemade.Ifsuccessful，theelectricbicyclemealprogramwillbespreadtoallCrownePlazahotelsintheUK，thehotelsaidinastatement.1．WhatcanweknowabouttheplasticfromParagraph2?A．Plasticreducesthepopulationofwhalestotheleast.B．Mostofplasticendsupinoceansandsandybeaches.C．Plastichasbecomepartoftheseaanimals’diet.D．Recyclingplasticisstillabigchallenge.2．WhatmadeOceanConservancypayattentiontotheoceanecosystem?A．Abanonwhaling.B．Itsimprovedconcept.C．Itsgreatachievement.D．Thepublicsupport.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Quiteafeworganisationshavesettheirowngoals.B．ThedaysofWhaleProtectionmovementarenumbered.C．OceanConservancy’sworkisn’tworththepraise.D．Savingtheoceansisthesharedresponsibilityofthewholeworld.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．OceanConservancy’sTargetandDevelopmentB．OceanConservancy’sContributiontoOceans’ProtectingC．ASolutiontotheOceans’PlasticProblemsD．AStepAwayfromaHealthyEcosystem【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以海洋疼惜协会(OceanConservancy)为话题，介绍了其从最初的疼惜鲸鱼到后来成为疼惜海洋的发展历程和成果。1．C微小环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的“Plasticisbeingeatenbysealifeaswellasentangling(缠住)them，puttingthemallatmajorrisk.”可知，塑料会被海洋生物吃掉，即海洋生物把塑料当作食物。故选C项。2．B微小环节理解题。依据文章第四段中的“Thoughtheymadegreatprogresswiththeseanimals，theycametotheconclusionthattheseanimalscannotdevelopwellwithoutahealthy，sustainableenvironment.TheworkersofOceanConservancythenexpandedtheirfocustothemarineecosystemsandhabitats.”可知，海洋疼惜协会相识到健康且可持续的环境才能让动物很好地发展，于是，不再只是关注海洋动物，而是将工作重点扩大到海洋生态系统和栖息地。也就是说，是协会理念的提升和完善让海洋疼惜协会关注海洋生态系统。故选B项。3．D推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中的“Onlywhenthecommongoalissharedbyallgroups，governments，andindividuals，willrealchangesbemade.”可知，只有当全部团体、政府和个人共同为“挽救海洋”这一目标而努力时，才会产生真正的有效变更。由此可推知，挽救海洋是全世界的共同责任。故选D项。4．B标题归纳题。依据第三段中的“TheDeltaCorporationwassetupin1972，laterknownasOceanConservancy.”可知，文章以海洋疼惜协会为话题介绍其成立的初衷“疼惜鲸鱼”，后来发展成为“疼惜海洋生态”的组织的过程以及取得的成果。B项“OceanConservancy’sContributiontoOceans’Protecting(海洋疼惜协会对海洋疼惜的贡献)”贴合主题，可作标题。故选B项。Ⅱ.七选五Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed，headtothefront，andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.__1__Itturnsout，it’sjustmathworkingagainstyou；chancesare，theotherlinereallyisfaster.Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.__2__Anysmallinterruption—apricecheck，achattycustomer—canhavedownstreameffects，holdingupanentireline.Iftherearethreelinesinthestore，delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:__3__Soit’snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong，snakingline—calledaserpentineline—andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.__4__Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline，alongdelayatoneregisterwon’tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead，itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.__5__Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly，andsomestorescan’taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters，thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes，asonaSundayafternoon，thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杂货店排队方式以及探讨人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。1．A下文“Itturnsout，it’sjustmathworkingagainstyou；chancesare，theotherlinereallyisfaster.”说明白上文“Youchosewrong.”的缘由，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应当是对前文提出怀疑。故选A项。2．G上文“Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.”说明白杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Anysmallinterruption—apricecheck，achattycustomer－canhavedownstreameffects，holdingupanentireline.”描述了杂货店的特别状况，故本空应当填出现特别状况的缘由。故选G项。3．D依据上文“Iftherearethreelinesinthestore，delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.”联系下文“Soit’snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.”可知，本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的概率只有三分之一。故选D项。4．F依据上文“Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.”以及下文“Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline，alongdelayatoneregisterwon’tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead，itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.”说明这个新方案快速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应当是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。5．B结合下文“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly，andsomestorescan’taffordthespaceormanpower.”说明白一个缘由，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly.”可知，这里描述的是不激励蛇形队伍的缘由。故选B项。Ⅲ.语法填空KimCobb，aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics1.________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—2.________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.ButCobbandothers3.________(be)nowquestioningthatidea—pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely，and4.________(change)theirpersonalbehaviourtodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci，forexample，5.________(rough)200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists6.________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.Cobb，7.________herparty，startedtoaskconferenceorganiserswhoinvitedhertospeakwhethershecoulddosoremotely；aboutthre