2022年河南省郑州市六县高一下学期期末联考英语试题

2021—2022学年下学期期末测评试卷高一英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节；满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEventsforGardeningLoversHereisalistofactivitieshappeninginandaroundLosAngeles.Besuretochecktheseeventsbeforeyougo.Biodiversity(生物多样性)SymposiumUntilNov.19‖BiodiversitySymposiumisafour-dayevent(twohourseachafternoon)todiscusswaystoprotectLosAngeles’biodiversity.Topicsincludeurbanwildlife(Nov.17),wildlifeandplantcommunity(Nov.18),andregeneration(Nov.19).Ticketsare$20aday($10forstudentsandeducators)or$45forthewholeseries($20forstudentsandeducators).ClayforniaUntilNov.17‖Clayforniafeaturestheclaysculptures(泥塑)by14artistsfromtheAmericanMuseum.Theshowisfreewith$10admissiontothegarden($6forseniorsandstudents,$4forchildrenfrom3to12,freeformembersandchildrenunder3).DIYYourGardenNov.21‖Howtocreateagardenisatwo-hourclassforchildrenatShermanLibrary&Gardens.Childrenwillcreateaminiplantcontainertotakehome.Registeraheadasnumbersarelimited.Ticketsare$30or$25formembers.Nightsof1,000LightsDec.10-22‖Nightsof1,000LightsatShermanLibrary&Gardensreturnswithtimedentriesandlimitednumbersofvisitors.Theeventallowspeopletowanderaroundthegardenatnight,surroundedbyholidaylights.Admissionis$25forthegeneralpublic,$15formembers,andfreeforchildrenat3andunder.Ticketsmustbepurchasedaheadonline.1.HowmuchshouldastudentpaytoattendBiodiversitySymposiumonNov.17and18?A.$10. B.$20. C.$40. D.$45.2.Whencanweappreciatesomeclaysculptures?A.OnNov.16. B.OnNov.19. C.OnNov.21. D.OnDec.22.3.WhatcanwedoatShermanLibrary&GardensonDec.21?A.Visititsnewlyopenedherbgarden. B.Learntomakeaminiplantcontainer.C.Takeawalkinbeautifulholidaylights. D.Gettoknowmoreaboutnativewildlife.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个适合园艺爱好者参加的活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BiodiversitySymposium部分“Ticketsare$20aday($10forstudentsandeducators)or$45forthewholeseries($20forstudentsandeducators).(票价为每天20美元（学生和教育工作者10美元）或整个系列45美元（学生和教育工作者20美元）)”可知，学生和教育工作者参加该活动的票价是每天10美元，故一名学生参加两天的活动应付20美元。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Clayfornia部分“UntilNov.17(到11月17日为止)”以及“Clayforniafeaturestheclaysculpturesby14artistsfromtheAmericanMuseum.(Clayfornia展出了美国博物馆14位艺术家的泥塑作品)”可知，我们可以在11月17日之前欣赏泥塑作品，结合选项，11月16日符合题意。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Nightsof1,000Lights部分“Theeventallowspeopletowanderaroundthegardenatnight,surroundedbyholidaylights.(这项活动允许人们在夜晚在花园里漫步，周围是节日的灯光)”可知，在参加该活动时，我们可以在美丽的节日灯光下散步。故选C项。BThenexttimeyouhavecheeseloudly,remembertheFrenchscientistLouisPasteurwhodiscoveredthatbadmilk,andmanydiseasesarecausedbybacteria(细菌).LouisPasteurisknownasthefatherofmicrobiology.Inhislifetime,henotonlyprovedthatbacteriaarethecauseofdiseases,butalsodiscoveredtheprocessofvaccination(接种疫苗),whichhassavedbillionsoflives.WhenPasteurworkedwithchickensthatweresufferingfromcholeraduringhisexperiments,heaccidentallyspreadcholeratohischickens.Pasteur’schickensbecamemildlysickbutdidnotdie.Thiswasstrangeaseverychickenthatcamenearcholeraearlierhaddied.Herealizedsoonthatthecholerahadbecomeweak.Bythetimehetriedagain,thechickenshehadcuredearlierdidnotgetcholeraanymore.Herealizedthataweakcholerahelped,hischickensdevelopanantibodyagainstit.Later,Pasteurwentontotrythisoncows,pigsanddogs.Allhisresearchhelpedhimdevelopdifferentvaccines.Wenowknowthattheprocessofvaccinationintroducesaweakenedkindofbacteriaintoourbody.Ourbodyreactsbycreatingantibodiestofightthebacteria.Now,whenourbodycomeacrossthesamebacteriawhicharemuchstronger,itcanfightthemoff.LouisPasteurreceivednumerousawardsfortheadvancementofbiology,chemistry,andmedicine.HefoundedthePasteurInstitutetostudydiseases.Itwasthefirstuniversity,toteachmicrobiologyandtodaythereare32institutesacross29countries.Foreverychildvaccinatedagainstadeadlydisease,wehaveLouisPasteurtothank.4.WhatdoweknowaboutLouisPasteur?A.Hisdiscoveriesweren’tusedathistime.B.HewasaprofessoratthePasteurInstitute.C.Hisdiscoveriesbroughtmanyprofitsandawardstohim.D.Hediscoveredtheconnectionbetweenbacteriaanddiseases.5.Whatcanwelearnfromhisexperimentwithchickens?A.Cholerawasnotadeadlydiseasethen.B.Pasteurspreadcholeratochickensonpurpose.C.Allchickenssufferedfromcholeradiedatlast.D.Theweakenedcholeracouldn’tkillthelivingcreatures.6.Whatisthefunctionoftheprocessofvaccination?A.Itbuildsuppeople’sbody. B.Withoutit,peoplewilldie.C.Itimprovespeople’sabilitytoavoiddiseases. D.Itcankillallthediseasesandmakethesickhealthy.7.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle?A.Toshowthediscoveriesofthevaccination.B.TocallonchildrentolearnfromLouisPasteur.C.Tointroduceanimportantinventioninmicrobiology.D.TohonourLouisPasteurandhiscontributiontotheworld.【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了法国微生物学家LouisPasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生命。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thenexttimeyouhavecheeseloudly,remembertheFrenchscientistLouisPasteurwhodiscoveredthatbadmilk,andmanydiseasesarecausedbybacteria(细菌).(下次你大声吃奶酪的时候，记得法国科学家LouisPasteur，他发现了变质的牛奶，以及许多疾病是由细菌引起的)”可知，LouisPasteur发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“WhenPasteurworkedwithchickensthatweresufferingfromcholeraduringhisexperiments,heaccidentallyspreadcholeratohischickens.Pasteur’schickensbecamemildlysickbutdidnotdie.Thiswasstrangeaseverychickenthatcamenearcholeraearlierhaddied.Herealizedsoonthatthecholerahadbecomeweak.Bythetimehetriedagain,thechickenshehadcuredearlierdidnotgetcholeraanymore.Herealizedthataweakcholerahelped,hischickensdevelopanantibodyagainstit.(当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍乱的鸡时，他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾病，但没有死亡。这很奇怪，因为之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重了。当他再次尝试时，他之前治愈的鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助，他的鸡产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体)”可推知，有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死，因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了，故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Later,Pasteurwentontotrythisoncows,pigsanddogs.Allhisresearchhelpedhimdevelopdifferentvaccines.Wenowknowthattheprocessofvaccinationintroducesaweakenedkindofbacteriaintoourbody.Ourbodyreactsbycreatingantibodiestofightthebacteria.Now,whenourbodycomeacrossthesamebacteriawhicharemuchstronger,itcanfightthemoff.(后来，巴斯德继续在牛、猪和狗身上进行试验。他所有的研究都帮助他开发了不同的疫苗。我们现在知道，接种疫苗的过程会将一种衰弱的细菌引入我们的身体。我们的身体通过产生抗体来对抗细菌。现在，当我们的身体遇到同样的更强大的细菌时，它可以将它们击退)”可知，疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体，使人体产生了对抗细菌的抗体，增强了应对感染的免疫力。疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们避免疾病的能力。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“LouisPasteurreceivednumerousawardsfortheadvancementofbiology,chemistry,andmedicine.HefoundedthePasteurInstitutetostudydiseases.Itwasthefirstuniversity,toteachmicrobiologyandtodaythereare32institutesacross29countries.Foreverychildvaccinatedagainstadeadlydisease,wehaveLouisPasteurtothank.(路易斯·巴斯德因为在生物学、化学和医学上的进步而获得了许多奖项。他创立了巴斯德研究所来研究疾病。它是第一所教授微生物学的大学，如今在29个国家有32个研究所。对于每一个接种疫苗预防致命疾病的孩子，我们都要感谢路易斯·巴斯德)”结合本文介绍了微生物学家LouisPasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生命。可以推测，本文写作目的在于缅怀这位伟大的科学家，提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选D。CSimpleexercisescanhelptomakepeoplemoreplayfulandfeelmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives,accordingtoanewstudybyexpertsfromMartinLutherUniversity.Playfulnessisapersonalitytraitthatisexpresseddifferentlyinpeople.“Playfulpeopletryhardtodealwithboredom.Theymanagetoturnalmostanyeverydaysituationintoanentertainingexperience,”explainsProfessorRenéProyer,anexpertatMLU.Forexample,theyenjoywordgames,orlikeplayingaround.AccordingtoProyer,thisdoesnotmeanthatthesepeopleareparticularlysilly.Instead,theycanputthistraittogooduseinmanysituations:Theyhaveaneyefordetail,easilyacceptnewideasandcanmakeamonotonoustaskinterestingforthem.TheexpertsfromHallecarriedoutastudyon533people.Theyweredividedintothreeexperimentalgroupsandacontrolgroupwithoutanytask.Theycompleteddailyexercisesforsevendaystoincreasetheirplayfulness.Forexample,theyhadtowritedownthreesituationsinwhichtheyhadbehavedparticularlyplayfully,theyusedtheirtraittobeplayfulinanunfamiliarsituation,ortheyweretothinkmorebroadlyabouttheplayfulbehaviortheyhadobservedinthemselvesthatday.Allgroupsfilledaformbeforeandimmediatelyafterweeksone,two,fourandtwelveaftertheintervention,withwhichtheresearchersmeasuredvariouspersonalitytraits.“Wethoughtthattheexerciseswouldleadpeopletoconsciouslyfocustheirattentiononplayfulness,anduseitmoreoften,”saysProyer.Andindeed,thetasksdidleadtoanincreaseinplayfulness.Theresearchersalsoobservedanimprovementinpeople’shappiness.Theresultsofthestudyserveasastartingpointforfutureuse.“Ibelievethatwecanusethisknowledgeineverydaylifetoimprovevariousareas.Forexample,specialinterventionsintheworkplacecouldleadtomorefunornovelideasatwork,”saysProyer.8.Whatdoesheunderlinedword“monotonous”inParagraph2mean?A.Simple. B.Boring. C.Helpful. D.Exciting.9.Whatwerethedailyexercisesintendedtodointhestudy?A.Improvepeople’splayfulness. B.Provetheexistenceofplayfulness.C.Findoutthemeaningofplayfulness. D.Examinepeople’sdegreeofplayfulness.10HowdoesProyerfeelabouttheresultsofthestudy?A.Surprised. B.Confused. C.Doubtful. D.Satisfied.11.WhatdidProyer’swordsinthelastparagraphmean?A.Theresearchmethodneededtobeimproved.B.Theresultscouldinspirereal-lifeapplications.C.Thestudymightstartfutureargumentsinthefield.D.Theworkplaceespeciallyneededspecialinterventions.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，活泼这种性格特征是可以后天培养的，而且人在变得更活泼后，身心状况都会得到改善。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Playfulnessisapersonalitytraitthatisexpresseddifferentlyinpeople.“Playfulpeopletryhardtodealwithboredom.Theymanagetoturnalmostanyeverydaysituationintoanentertainingexperience(活泼是一种个性特征，不同的人有不同的表现。“活泼的人努力应对无聊。他们设法把几乎任何日常情况变成一种娱乐体验)”可知，活泼的人努力克服无聊，他们设法把几乎所有的日常情况变成一种使人愉快的体验。由此可推知，他们能把“乏味的”工作变得有趣。故画线词意思是“乏味的”。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Forexample,theyhadtowritedownthreesituationsinwhichtheyhadbehavedparticularlyplayfully,theyusedtheirtraittobeplayfulinanunfamiliarsituation,ortheyweretothinkmorebroadlyabouttheplayfulbehaviortheyhadobservedinthemselvesthatday.(例如，他们必须写下三种他们表现得特别活泼的情况，他们用他们的性格特征在不熟悉的情况下表现得活泼，或者他们要更广泛地思考他们当天在自己身上观察到的活泼行为)”以及第四段中““Wethoughtthattheexerciseswouldleadpeopletoconsciouslyfocustheirattentiononplayfulness,anduseitmoreoften,”saysProyer.(Proyer说：“我们认为这些练习会让人们有意识地把注意力集中在活泼上，并更频繁地使用它。”)”可知，在这项研究中，受试者的日常练习是为了提高人们的活泼性。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中““Wethoughtthattheexerciseswouldleadpeopletoconsciouslyfocustheirattentiononplayfulness,anduseitmoreoften,”saysProyer.Andindeed,thetasksdidleadtoanincreaseinplayfulness.(Proyer说：“我们认为这些练习会让人们有意识地把注意力集中在活泼上，并更频繁地使用它。”事实上，这些任务确实增加了活泼的乐趣)”可知，实验结果与Proyer最初的假设是一致的。再结合最后一段中他对未来的展望可推知，他对实验结果很满意。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中第二句“Ibelievethatwecanusethisknowledgeineverydaylifetoimprovevariousareas.(我相信我们可以在日常生活中运用这些知识来提高各个方面)”可知，Proyer认为我们可以在日常生活中运用这一研究的发现，第三句对应用情况进行举例说明。由此可推知，他认为研究结果有可能激励人们将其运用到实践中去。故选B。DWeallknowthatdrinkingtoomuchisbadforus,butwhataboutmoderate(适度)drinking?We’veknownabouttherelationshipbetweenmoderatedrinkingandgoodhealthforquitesometime.Researchershaveidentifiedthatpeoplewhodrinkamoderateamountareatalowerriskofthingslikeheartdiseaseandfatnessthanbothpeoplewhodrinkalotandpeoplewhoneverdrink.It’sfairlywell-establishedthatifyoulookatsocietyatlarge,peoplewhodrinkamoderateamountarethehealthiestinanumberofways.Theproblemisthatmoderatedrinkingisn’tanisolatedbehavior(孤立的行为).Youcan’teasilyseparatemoderatedrinkingfromthepeoplewhodrinkmoderately,whichmeansthatyoucan’teasilyidentifywhetherit’sactuallythealcohol(酒)that’simprovingpeople’shealthorsomethingelse.Theissueisprettyobviouswhenyoulookatthepeoplewhodrinkmoderatelyinallofthesestudies.Theytendtobemoreeducated,smokelessandingeneralarebetteroffthanbothpeoplewhodrinkalotandthosewhoneverdrink.Peoplewhoneverdrinkarealsodifferentinalotofways,forexample,illness,poverty(贫穷),andpreviousalcoholism.RecentstudiesinIsraelandNewZealandshowthatthereprobablyaren’tanysignificanthealthbenefitsofmoderatedrinking.Onceyougetridoftheeffectsofsociety,evenasmallamountofdrinkisconnectedtoworsehealth.Itseemsthatmoderatedrinkingprobablyisn’tgoodforourhealthafterall.Whiletheremaybesomeminorhearthealthbenefits,alcoholisaddictive(使人成瘾的)andcausesdamagetomanyotherorgans.I’mgoingtokeepdrinking,butnotformyhealth.Wineisdeliciousandbeerisjustwonderful.Drinkforthetaste,drinktosocialise,butdon’tdrinkbecauseyouthinkit’sgoingtohealyourheart.Butifpossible,trytodrinkless.12.Whatisthecommonbeliefaboutdrinkingalcohol?A.Drinkinghaslittletodowithhealth. B.Moderatedrinkingbenefitsourhealth.C.Drinkingreducestheriskofheartdisease. D.Thehealthieryouare,themoreyoucandrink.13.Whoismorelikelytodrinkmoderately?AArichman. B.Asickman.C.Aformeralcoholic. D.Apoorly-educatedman.14.Whatdoweknowaboutdrinkingfromthefifthparagraph?A.Drinkingisanisolatedbehaviour. B.Drinkingisgoodforthesociety.C.Drinkingismoreofasocialactivity. D.Drinkingcancausebadhealth.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.IsAlcoholSuitableforYou? B.WhatIsModerateDrinking?C.DoYouKnowHowtoDrink? D.IsModerateDrinkingHealthy?【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个最新研究发现：“适度饮酒有益健康”的说法是错误的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchershaveidentifiedthatpeoplewhodrinkamoderateamountareatalowerriskofthingslikeheartdiseaseandfatnessthanbothpeoplewhodrinkalotandpeoplewhoneverdrink.(研究人员发现，与大量饮酒和从不饮酒的人相比，适度饮酒的人患心脏病和肥胖等疾病的风险更低)”可知，关于饮酒的普遍看法是适度饮酒有益健康。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Theytendtobemoreeducated,smokelessandingeneralarebetteroffthanbothpeoplewhodrinkalotandthosewhoneverdrink.(他们往往受教育程度更高，吸烟更少，总的来说，他们比酗酒和从不喝酒的人都更富有)”可知，适度饮酒的人往往受教育程度更高、吸烟更少，并比其他人更富有，所以有钱人更有可能适度饮酒。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Onceyougetridoftheeffectsofsociety,evenasmallamountofdrinkisconnectedtoworsehealth.(一旦你摆脱了社会的影响，即使少量饮酒也会导致健康恶化)”可知，摆脱社会影响的话，饮酒会导致健康不良。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Weallknowthatdrinkingtoomuchisbadforus,butwhataboutmoderatedrinking?(我们都知道酗酒对我们有害，但适度饮酒又如何呢？)”以及文章内容可知，本文通过介绍了最近的研究，说明饮酒是一种社会行为，对健康没有任何益处，所以“适度饮酒是健康的吗？”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsonHowtoStudySmarterHavinggoodstudyskillsisalwayshelpful.Andit’smoreimportantinthepresentsituation,whereonlineclassesaregrowing.Studentsarelikelytolearnwithoutateacherorparentwatchingover.Soyouwillhavetomanageyourtimeandstudymoreonyourown.____16____◆Practice,practice,practice!Musicians,practicetheirinstruments.Athletespracticesportsskills.____17____Ifyouwanttobeabletorememberinformation,thebest:thingyoucandoispractice.Inonestudy,studentstookpracticetestsoverseveralweeks.Onthefinaltest,theyscoredbetterthanthosewhostudiedinthenormalway.◆Testyourself.Beforebigtests,youmayoftencoverupthenotes,andthentrytorecallthem.Thispracticecanhelpnearlyeveryone.Youcanputquestionsdownononesideofthepaperandtheanswersontheotherside.Trytotestyourselfinthewaytheteacherasksquestions.____18____Theydon’tjustaskshallowquestions.◆Learnfrommistakes.Asecretofscience:Mistakeshelpunderstanding.Ifyoudon’tfindoutwhattheansweris,you’rewastingyourtime.Checkingtheanswerscanmakeyourstudytimemoreefficient.Checktoseeifyouareright.____19____Infact,mistakesareactuallyaprimarykeytolearning.◆____20____Studentsknowsomegoodstudyskills,yetmanyofyoudon’tactuallydothesethings.Oftenyoufailtoplanahead.Sodomakeplans.Andtrytosticktoaroutine,too.Forexample,youcanhaveasettimeandplacewhereyoudoschoolworkandstudy.Andgetenoughsleep—notjustthenightbeforethetestbutforweeksormonthsonend.A.Youcanaddmoreskills.B.Teachersoftendigdeeper.C.Friendscantesteach,other.D.Makeaplanandsticktoit.E.Thesameshouldgo,forlearning.F.Youcanthenfocusonwhatyougetwrong.G.Herearesometipstodevelopgoodstudyskills.【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.F20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何更聪明地学习的一些技巧。【16题详解】上文“Havinggoodstudyskillsisalwayshelpful.(拥有良好的学习技能总是有帮助的)”说明良好的学习技能的重要性，G项“这里有一些培养良好学习技能的技巧。”承接上文，引出下面段落，符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】上文“Musicians,practicetheirinstruments.Athletespracticesportsskills.(音乐家们练习他们的乐器。运动员练习运动技能)”说明练习的重要性，以及下文“Ifyouwanttobeabletorememberinformation,thebest:thingyoucandoispractice.(如果你想记住信息，最好的办法就是练习)”说明学习中也要进行练习，E项“学习也应该如此。”承上启下，符合题意。故选E。【18题详解】下文“Theydon’tjustaskshallowquestions.(他们不只是问肤浅的问题)”说明老师们会提问有深度的问题，句中They指代teachers，B项“老师们经常挖掘更深入。”承接上文，符合题意。故选B。【19题详解】下文“Infact,mistakesareactuallyaprimarykeytolearning.(事实上，错误实际上是学习的关键)”说明关注自己的错误是学习的关键，F项“然后你可以专注于你做错了什么。”说明专注于自己的错误，符合题意。故选F。【20题详解】下文“Sodomakeplans.Andtrytosticktoaroutine,too.(所以一定要制定计划。也要坚持常规行为)”说明一定要制定计划并坚持，D项“制定一个计划并坚持下去。”可以作为本段标题句。故选D。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Everymorningisanopportunityforrebirth.”ArtistRobertAlejandro____21____amovingmessageashecontinueshisfightagainstcancer.Inhis____22____onJanuary2,Alejandroannouncedthathisdoctors____23____himhedevelopedcomplications(并发症).“InDecemberlastyear,Iwas____24____andsufferedalot.Noamountofpainkillerscould____25____thepainIwasfeeling.Thedoctorsfoundthecancerhad____26____allovermybody.Thedoctorscouldnotdoanythingforme,”hesaid.Despitethiscondition,Alejandrowas____27____fortheopportunitytostillbealive.“Everymorningisa(n)____28____forrebirth,”hesaid.Inthesamepost,he____29____,“ButhereIamstillalive.Istillhave____30____andIhavenoideahowmuchtimeIhave____31____.”Forhim,beingabletomakeitthisfarwashis“greatest____32____”.“Whatagiftthishasbeenforme.Iamnolonger____33____withthemistakesofmypast.Ihavenoworriesaboutthefuture.Allthatisleftisgratitudeforthe____34____time.IamlovedandIhavesomuchtolove.Thisismygreatestgift,”hesaid.This____35____touchedmanysocialmediausers.Sinceitsappearance,hisposthasearned9,200reactionsand501shares.Ofthe____36____,thereare4,700heartemojis,2,200likes,and2,200careemojis.Thecommentsectionwas____37____goodwishesandprayersforAlejandro’s____38____.“Wishingformiraculoushealingforyou.Robert!Youstill____39____apurposeinthislifetime.Yoursmileisinfectious,”oneusersaid.“Youaresucha(n)____40____.Healingbewithyou,”anotheruseradded.21.A.received B.shared C.recorded D.wanted22.A.experience B.interview C.post D.journal23.A.told B.threatened C.promised D.reminded24.A.strange B.safe C.strong D.thin25.A.getback B.takeaway C.passdown D.setoff26.A.disappeared B.remained. C.hidden D.spread27.A.thankful B.regretful C.careful D.hopeful28.A.battle B.plan C.opportunity D.result29.A.replied B.complained C.added D.heard30.A.love B.cancer C.responsibility D.money31.A.spent B.wasted C.saved D.left32.A.gift B.expect C.skill D.wish33.A.concerned B.satisfied C.connected D.disappointed34.A.past B.future C.present D.waiting35.A.theory B.message C.explanation D.spirit36.A.opinions B.suggestions C.answers D.reactions37.A.filledwith B.basedon C.relatedto D.aimedat38.A.rebirth B.recovery C.return D.reunion39.A.deserve B.need C.have D.lack40.A.success B.talent C.dreamer D.inspiration【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.C30.B31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B36.D37.A38.B39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，患癌的艺术家RobertAlejandro乐观向上，快乐地度过每一天，把活着的每一天都当作自己的礼物。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艺术家RobertAlejandro在继续与癌症抗争的过程中分享了一条感人的信息。A.received收到；B.shared分享；C.recorded记录；D.wanted想要。根据后文“amovingmessageashecontinueshisfightagainstcancer”指RobertAlejandro分享了一条感人的信息。后文提到的帖子也说明了他和别人分享了这条信息。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alejandro在1月2日的帖子中宣布，他的医生告诉他出现了并发症。A.experience经历；B.interview采访；C.post帖子；D.journal日记。呼应后文“Inthesamepost”指1月2日的帖子。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alejandro在1月2日的帖子中宣布，他的医生告诉他出现了并发症。A.told告诉；B.threatened威胁；C.promised承诺；D.reminded提醒。根据后文“himhedevelopedcomplications”指他的医生告诉他出现了并发症。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，我很瘦，吃了很多苦。A.strange奇怪的；B.safe安全的；C.strong强壮的；D.thin瘦的。根据上文“hedevelopedcomplications”可知出现了并发症，所以身体消瘦。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：再多的止痛药也无法消除我的疼痛。A.getback回来；B.takeaway带走；C.passdown传递；D.setoff出发。根据上文“Noamountofpainkillerscould”指止痛药消除疼痛，应用takeaway。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生发现癌细胞已经扩散到我全身。A.disappeared消失；B.remained保持；C.hidden隐藏；D.spread传播。根据常识以及后文“allovermybody”可知，此处指癌症扩散到全身。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况如此，Alejandro还是很感激能有机会活着。A.thankful感激的；B.regretful后悔的；C.careful仔细的；D.hopeful有希望的。根据后文“fortheopportunitytostillbealive”可知，尽管RobertAlejandro的病很严重，但他还活着，所以他为此而感激。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，每天早上都是重生的机会。A.battle战争；B.plan计划；C.opportunity机会；D.result结果。根据第一段“Everymorningisanopportunityforrebirth.”可知Robert的病情很严重，只要活着就值得感激，所以每天早上都是一个重生的机会。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在同一篇帖子中，他补充说，“但我还活着。我的癌症还在，我不知道我还能活多久。”A.replied回答；B.complained抱怨；C.added增加，补充说；D.heard听见。上文是Robert说的话，下面还是他说的话，所以此处是他补充的话。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在同一篇帖子中，他补充说，“但我还活着。我的癌症还在，我不知道我还能活多久。”A.love爱；B.cancer癌症；C.responsibility责任；D.money钱。根据故事情节，尤其是空格前的still可知此处指他的病一直还在，由上文提到的病名可知，此处指癌症。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在同一篇帖子中，他补充说，“但我还活着。我的癌症还在，我不知道我还能活多久。”A.spent花费；B.wasted浪费；C.saved拯救；D.left剩下，离开。根据上文“howmuchtimeIhave”可知，他的病无法治愈，所以他不知道他还能活多久，也就是他不知道他还剩多少时间。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，能够走到这一步是他“最大的礼物”。A.gift礼物；B.expect期待；C.skill技能；D.wish希望。根据下段中提到的“Whatagiftthishasbeenforme”可知，这个gift指的就是Robert能够活这么久这件事。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不再关心我过去的错误了。A.concerned担心的；B.satisfied满意的；C.connected连接的；D.disappointed失望的。由后面的“Allthatisleftisgratitude”可知，Robert现在只有感激，对于过去和未来已经没有任何的挂念和担心。所以空格处的意思与下句中的“havenoworriesabout”语义接近。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：剩下的就是对现在的感激。A.past过去的；B.future未来的；C.present现在的；D.waiting等待。上文提到Robert不再担心和挂念过去和未来，所以此句指他只在乎现在。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条消息触动了许多社交媒体用户。A.theory理论；B.message信息；C.explanation解释；D.spirit精神。文章开头引号中的句子“Everymorningisanopportunityforrebirth.”，以及后面叙述中引号中的句子都是Robert发到网上的帖子，这个信息感动了很多人。故选B。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些反应中，有4700个爱心表情、2200个赞和2200个关怀表情。A.opinions观点；B.suggestions建议；C.answers回答；D.reactions反应。此处为网民对信息的反应，重复上句中提到的reactions。故选D。【37题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：评论区充满了对Alejandro康复的祝福和祈祷。A.filledwith充满；B.basedon基于；C.relatedto与……有关；D.aimedat旨在。根据后文“goodwishesandprayers”指评论区充满了对Alejandro康复的美好祝福和祈祷。故选A。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：评论区充满了对Alejandro康复的祝福和祈祷。A.rebirth重生；B.recovery恢复；C.return返回；D.reunion团聚。根据常识及下文的“Wishingformiraculoushealingforyou.Robert!”，大家都希望Alejandro早日康复。故选B。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你这辈子还有目标。A.deserve值得；B.need需要；C.have有；D.lack缺少。由第四段的“IamlovedandIhavesomuchtolove.”可知，Alejandro在以后的生活中是有一定目标和想法的。故选C。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你真是个鼓舞人心的人。A.success成功；B.talent才能；C.dreamer梦想家；D.inspiration鼓舞。由上文“touchedmanysocialmediausers”可知，此处指Alejandro是一个鼓舞人心的人。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheNobelPrizeiswidelyconsidered____41____world’smostfamousaward.It____42____(award)topeoplemakingachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,worldpeaceandeconomics.SetupbytheSwedishinventorAlfredNobel,itwasameansofformallyrecognizingthemenandwomenwhohavemadeasignificantcontribution____43____culturalorscientificadvancement.____44____isbelievedthatNobelwasinspiredtocreatetheawardsafterreadinganobituary(讣告)inaFrenchnewspaperrelatingtohisapparentdeath.Nobel,____45____wasobviouslystillaliveatthetime,was____46____(deep)upsetbytheobituary____47____(claim)that“Thebusinessmanofdeathisdead”.Theinventor,whowaswell-knownforthe____48____(create)oflotsofweapons,wasscaredtodiscoverthatthiswashowtheworldwouldrememberhim.Sohechangedhiswillsoas____49____(indicate)thathisabundantfortunewouldbeusedtocreateanumberofprizesforthosewhobringthe“greatestbenefittomankind”.Theseprizesweretobeawardedyearlyindifferentfields.Thewill’sexecutors(执行者)createdtheNobelFoundation,whichwouldtakecontrolofNobel’sfortuneandarrangefortheawardingofthe____50____(vary)prizes.【答案】41.the42.isawarded43.to44.It45.who46.deeply47.claiming48.creation49.toindicate50.various【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了诺贝尔奖的相关信息。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：诺贝尔奖被广泛认为是世界上最著名的奖项。由空后的world’smostfamous可知，空处应用定冠词the，构成形容词的最高级形式。故填the。【42题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：该奖项授予在物理、化学、医学、文学、世界和平与经济领域取得成就的人。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，award与主语It之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是It，be动词应用is。故填isawarded。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：由瑞典发明家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔设立，这是一种正式承认对文化或科学进步做出重大贡献的男性和女性的方式。空处应用介词to，构成固定短语makeasignificantcontributionto，表示“对……有重大贡献”。故填to。【44题详解】考查形式主语。句意：据信，诺贝尔是在一家法国报纸上读到一篇关于其貌似死亡的讣告后，受到启发而设立这一奖项的。分析句子结构，that引导从句作真正的主语，空处应用it作形式主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填It。【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔当时显然还活着，他对声称“死亡商人已死”的讣告深感不安。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Nobel，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导从句。故填who。【46题详解】考查副词。句意：诺贝尔当时显然还活着，他对声称“死亡商人已死”的讣告深感不安。空处修饰形容词upset，应用副词形式作状语，deeply是副词，表示“深深地，非常”。故填deeply。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔当时显然还活着，他对声称“死亡商人已死”的讣告深感不安。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，claim与逻辑主语obituary之间是主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式。故填claiming。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：这位以制造大量武器而闻名的发明家，害怕地发现这就是世界对他的记忆。空处作介词for的宾语，并结合空后的of可知，空处应用名词creation，表示“创造”。故填creation。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他改变了自己的遗嘱，以表明他丰富的财富将被用来为那些“给人类带来最大利益”的人设立许多奖项。结合语意，空处表示目的，应用不定式形式，构成soasto表示“为了”。故填toindicate。【50题详解】考查形容词。句意：遗嘱的执行人创建了诺贝尔基金会，该基金会将掌管诺贝尔的财产，并安排颁发各种奖项。空处修饰名词prizes，应用形容词形式作定语，various是形容词，表示“各种各样的”。故填various。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误；每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及十个单词