翻译心得可编辑

翻译心得翻译心得/翻译心得TranslationPracticeandGainsfromIt学生姓名：刘玲玲二学位班级：27班主修学校：武汉理工大学指导教师：翻译心得与翻译实践摘要 “汽油喷射发动机”是一篇科技类的说明文，文中提到汽油喷射发动机主要有机械式和电子喷射式两种，本文主要介绍了一种L型的电子控制汽油喷射发动机的组成和各部分的工作原理。“ThePost-alcoholWord”也是一篇科普文章，它讲到了生物燃料的回归背景、回归方法以与回归前景。两篇文章的内容我都很感兴趣，作为汽车学院热能与动力专业的学生，我对汽车方面的知识有更多的了解，因此在翻译汽车方面的专有名词时我会轻松一些。在整个翻译过程中，我一直在实践学到的翻译技巧：增译法、重译法、减译法、词序转换法、长句拆译法、语态变化法、直译、意译等等。在处理复杂的长句子时，一开始我会有倦怠情绪，但是拆开以后，我发现也没有想象中的那么困难。虽然有些地方我仍然无法准确的理解，但是总体来说整个翻译过程还是比较顺利的。我知道想要提高自己的翻译水平还要付出很多的努力。我不仅需要更多的了解英语方面的知识，而且也要尽量提高自己的中文水平，只有这样才能保证既能准确理解原文，又能准确地将之翻译出来。这次翻译实践我的收获很大，熟能生巧，只要坚持练习，我相信我的翻译水平会有所进步的。关键词：翻译技巧翻译实践句子处理收获Abstract “FuelInjectionEngine”isascientificarticle.Itmentionsthattherearetwokindsoffuelinjectionengine—mechanicalfuelinjectionengineandelectroniccontrolfuelinjectionengine.ThispapermainlydiscussesoneL-typeelectroniccontrolfuelinjectionengineaboutitscomponentsandthewaysinwhichtheywork.“ThePost-alcoholWord”isalsoascientificarticle.Itdiscussesthecomingbackofthebiofuel,itsbackground,methodsandfuture.I’minterestedinbothofthem.AsastudentmajoringinThermalEnergyandPowerEngineeringinSchoolofAutomobile,Ihaveagoodknowledgeofvehicles.It’scomparablyeasierformetotranslateAutoterms. Inthewholeprocess,Ihavealwaysbeenusingthetranslationskillslearnedintheclass—amplification,repetition,omission,inversion,division,thechangesofvoices,literaltranslationandfreetranslationetc.AtfirstIwaswithwearinessemotionwhendealingwithlong,complexsentences.Butafterdividingthemintolotsofsmallparts,Ifounditnotthatdifficultanymore.AlthoughIstillcan’tunderstandsomepartsofthearticleaccurately,thewholeprocessissmooth. IknowIneedtakemoreeffortstoimprovemytranslationcompetence.IshouldgetmoreknowledgeofEnglishlanguageaswellasChineseculture.OnlyinthiswaycanIaccuratelyunderstandandtranslatearticles.Ihavegainedalotfromthiswork.Practicemakesperfect.IknowI’llgetimprovementinmytranslationskillsifIkeeppracticing.Keywords:TranslationskillstranslationpracticessentencesdealinggainsContents摘要 iAbstract ii1DescriptionoftheMaterialforTranslation 12TheUseofTranslationMethods 32.1UsingAmplificationTranslation 32.2UsingOmissionTranslation 32.3UsingRepetitionTranslation 32.4UsingDivisionTranslation 42.5UsingtheChangesofVoicesTranslation 42.6UsingConversionTranslation 52.7UsingLiteralTranslation 52.8UsingFreeTranslation 53SentencesDealing 63.1DealingwithLongSentences 63.2DealingwithShortSentences 64GainsfromTranslation 75Conclusion 8Bibliography 81DescriptionoftheMaterialforTranslation“Thepost-alcoholworld”tellsthat:Biofuelareback.Theoriginal1970sappealofbiofuelwastheopportunitytostickupafingerortwototheoilsheikhs.Overtime,theopportunitytofightglobalwarmingaddedtotheoriginalenergy-securityappeal.Makepetroloutofplantsisasufficientlycleverway.Sadly,theoutputfuelwasnotpetrol.Instead,itwasethanol,whichstoreslessenergyperlitre,tendstoabsorbwaterandiscorrosive.Thustheyplantomakehydrocarbonsinsteadofethanol.Thesewillbe“drop-in”fuels.Appropriatelydesigneddrop-infuelscansubstitutefordieselandaviationfuel,whichethanolcannot.Ifthisapproachworks,itwillnotonlybebeneficialinitsownright—modestlyreducinggreenhouse-gasemissionswhilemakingmoneyforitsinvestors—itwillalsoprovidealastingmarketincentivetoscientiststodevisebetterwaysofturningcelluloseintosugar.Thedrop-infirmsarestartingtocomeoutofthelaboratory,floatthemselvesonthestockmarket,teamupwithoilcompaniesandbuildtheirfirstfactories.Gevo,ofEnglewood,Colorado,isplanningtomakeanothertypeofpost-ethanolfuel:butanol,whichMakingcelluloseintosugaristechnicallypossible,andmanyfirmsareworkingonthatpossibility.Wheredoesthecellulosecomefrom?Theanswerislikelytobegrass.Ifthepricewereright,suchenergycropsmighttakeAmericaafairbitofthewaytothe“energyindependence”thatearlyproselytisersforbiofuelcrowedabout.Suchafuture,though,dependsoncarscontinuingtobepoweredbyliquidfuels.Overthelongrun,thefutureforbiofuelmaybelookingup.“FuelInjectionEngine”tellsthat:Comparedwithcarburetorengine,theevidentadvantageoffuelinjectionengineisthatitcanaccuratelycontrolthequalityofthemixture.Thusitensurescompletecombustionofthefuelinsidethecylinderandreducestheexhaustemissionaswellasfuelconsumption.Atthesametimeitincreasesengine’svolumetricefficiencyaswellasengine’spowerandtorque.Thedrawbackisthatit’smoreexpensive.What’smore,oncebrokendown,it’sdifficulttorepair. Fuelinjectionistypedintotwokinds:mechanicalfuelinjectionandelectroniccontrolfuelinjection.Anykindofelectroniccontrolfuelinjectiondeviceiscomposedoffuelinjectioncircuit,thesensorgroupandtheelectroniccontrolunit(microcomputer)idleequipment,exhaustgasrecirculationcontroldeviceetc.Accordingtotheairinductionmethod,electroniccontrolgasolineinjectiondeviceisdividedintotwotypes.Oneisflow-sensorelectroniccontrolfuelinjectiondevice(L-type),whichcontrolsthefuelinjectionquantitybysensingtheflowofairintheintakemanifold.Theotheroneisthepressure-sensorelectroniccontrolfuelinjectiondevice(D-type),whichcontrolsfuelinjectionquantitybysensingthepressureofairintheintakemanifold.TheL-typeiswidelyused. Botharescientificarticles,thusthere’relotsoftermsespeciallyin“Thepost-alcoholworld”.Thoseoriginalphrasesarehardformetounderstand,forexample:“stickupafingerortwo”,“thedicearerolling”,“thinkbig”etc.Sometimesit’shardformetounderstandthusIcan’ttranslateallofthemexactly.

2TheUseofTranslationMethodsIntheprocessoftranslation,Imainlyusedmethodsasfollows:amplification,repetition,omission,inversion,division,thechangesofvoices,literaltranslationandfreetranslationetc.I’lllistsomeexamples.2.1UsingAmplificationTranslationeg.1“汽油喷射发动机与化油器式发动机相比，突出的优点是能准确控制混合气的质量，保证气缸内的燃料燃烧完全，使废气排放物和燃油消耗都能够降得下来。”istranslatedas“Comparedwithcarburetorengine,theevidentadvantageoffuelinjectionengineisthatitcanaccuratelycontrolthequalityofthemixture.Thusitensurescompletecombustionofthefuelinsidethecylinderandreducestheexhaustemissionaswellasfuelconsumption.”eg.2“电脑件只能整件更换”istranslatedas“thecomputercomponentscannotberepairedbutbechangedforanotherone”.eg.1increasespronoun“it”inthetranslationwhileeg.2increases“the”,“cannotberepaired”,“foranotherone”tomatchtheexpressionhabitinChineselanguage.2.2UsingOmissionTranslationeg.3“同时它还提高了发动机的充气效率，增加了发动机的功率和扭矩。”istranslatedas“Atthesametimeitincreasesengine’svolumetricefficiencyaswellasengine’spowerandtorque.”eg.4“汽油喷射型式分为机械式和电子控制式两种。机械式汽油喷射装置是一种以机械液力控制的喷射技术”istranslatedas“mechanicalfuelinjectionandelectroniccontrolfuelinjection.Theformeronecontrolstheinjectionbymechanicalhydraulictechnology”.eg.3merges“提高”,“增加”as“increase”whileeg.4uses“Theformerone”toreplace“机械式汽油喷射装置”,makingthemfaithfulandauthentic.2.3UsingRepetitionTranslationeg.5“Hardlyarevolutionarybusinessstrategy,butonethattheAmericanbiofuelindustryhas,todate,eschewed.”istranslatedas“这几乎算不上什么具有创新性的商业战略而是美国生物燃料业到目前为止一直回避的一个战略。”eg.6“First,thefuelwasnotpetrol.Instead,itwasethanol,whichstoreslessenergyperlitre,tendstoabsorbwaterandiscorrosive.”istranslatedas“首先，得到的燃料不是汽油而是乙醇，乙醇的单位储能比汽油少，而且乙醇还吸水，具有腐蚀性。”Botheg.5andeg.6userepetition.Inthisway,evenChinesereaderswouldnotmisunderstanditsmeaning.2.4UsingDivisionTranslation eg.7“InAprilCodexisbecamethefirststart-upinvolvedindrop-infuelstofloatitselfonastockmarket—whichinthiscasewasNASDAQ,America’smainmarketforhigh-techstocks.”istranslatedas“四月份Codexis成为首家以完全替代型生物燃料起家并在纳斯达克上市的公司。纳斯达克是美国高科技股票交易的主要市场。” eg.8“汽油喷射发动机与化油器式发动机相比，突出的优点是能准确控制混合气的质量，保证气缸内的燃料燃烧完全，使废气排放物和燃油消耗都能够降得下来，同时它还提高了发动机的充气效率，增加了发动机的功率和扭矩。”istranslatedas“Comparedwithcarburetorengine,theevidentadvantageoffuelinjectionengineisthatitcanaccuratelycontrolthequalityofthemixture.Thusitensurescompletecombustionofthefuelinsidethecylinderandreducestheexhaustemissionaswellasfuelconsumption.Atthesametimeitincreasesengine’svolumetricefficiencyaswellasengine’spowerandtorque.” eg.7andeg.8bothdividethelongsentenceintosmalleronesandaccuratelyexpresstheoriginalmeaningandatthesametimemakethesentenceeasiertounderstand.2.5UsingtheChangesofVoicesTranslationeg.9“Boostersclaimedthatcellulose,fromwhichthestalks,leavesandwoodofplantsaremade,couldifsuitablytreatedbecomeasubstituteforthestarchincorn.”istranslatedas“热心的支持者们宣称组成植物茎秆叶的纤维素，如果处理得当的话可以替代玉米中的淀粉。”用汉语的被动语态的表达习惯加以变通。eg.10“汽油喷射型式分为机械式和电子控制式两种”istranslatedas“Fuelinjectionistypedintotwokinds:mechanicalfuelinjectionandelectroniccontrolfuelinjection”eg.9andeg.10bothusetheChangesofVoicesTranslation,distinguishingtheExpressionhabitinChineselanguagewithEnglishlanguage.2.6UsingConversionTranslationeg.11“Iftheycandosoreliably,andonalargescale,biofuelmayhavealotmoresuccessinfreeingtheworldfromfossilfuelsthantheyhavehaduntilnow.”istranslatedas“如果他们真有把握而且能做成一个大的规模的话，生物燃料或许能前所未有地帮助世界从石油燃料中解脱出来。”eg.12“整个L型电子控制汽油喷射装置有3个部分组成：供油部分、供气部分和控制部分。”istranslatedas“TheL-typeelectroniccontrolfuelinjectiondevicehasthreecomponents:oneparttosupplyoil,oneparttosupplyairandoneparttocontroltheprocess.”eg.11changestheprepositionalphraseintoaverbphrasewhileeg.12changesNounphrasesintoverb-objectstructurenouns.2.7UsingLiteralTranslationeg.13“post-alcohol”istranslatedas“后乙醇”.eg.14“油路由电动油泵，燃油滤清器，油压调节器，喷射器等组成”istranslatedas“Fuelinjectioncircuitiscomposedofelectricfuelinjectionpump,fuelfilter,oilpressureregulatorandinjectorsetc.”2.8UsingFreeTranslationeg.15“Thepost-alcoholworld”istranslatedas“后乙醇时代”.eg.16“thefutureforbiofuelmaybelookingup”istranslatedas“生物燃料的前景可观”.

3SentencesDealing3.1DealingwithLongSentences eg.17“汽油喷射发动机与化油器式发动机相比，突出的优点是能准确控制混合气的质量，保证气缸内的燃料燃烧完全，使废气排放物和燃油消耗都能够降得下来，同时它还提高了发动机的充气效率，增加了发动机的功率和扭矩。”istranslatedas“Comparedwithcarburetorengine,theevidentadvantageoffuelinjectionengineisthatitcanaccuratelycontrolthequalityofthemixture.Thusitensurescompletecombustionofthefuelinsidethecylinderandreducestheexhaustemissionaswellasfuelconsumption.Atthesametimeitincreasesengine’svolumetricefficiencyaswellasengine’spowerandtorque.” eg.18“从60年代起，随着汽车数量的日益增多，汽车废气排放物与燃油消耗量的不断上升困扰着人们，迫使人们去寻找一种能使汽车排气净化，节约燃料的新技术装置去取替已有几十年历史的化油器，汽油喷射技术的发明和应用，使人们这一理想能以实现。”istranslatedas“Fromthe1960s,withtheincreasingnumberofcars,theamountofcar’sexhaustemissionsandfuelconsumptionisrisingwhichbotherspeople,forcingpeopletofindawayforautomobileexhaustpurificationandfueleconomy.That’sanewdevicewhichwillreplacethedecades-oldcarburetor.Theinventionandapplicationofthefuelinjectiontechnologymakethisdreamcometrue.” eg.17usesinversion,division,amplification,conversionetc.whileeg.18usesliteraltranslation,inversion,divisionetc.totranslatethelongsentences,makingthemeasiertoreadandunderstand.3.2DealingwithShortSentenceseg.18“Thedice,inotherwords,arerolling.”istranslatedas“换句话说，游戏已经开始了。”eg.19“Grassedup”istranslatedas“草本植物出马”.Bothexamplesusefreetranslationwiththecontextualmeaning.

4GainsfromTranslationAfterfinishingthetranslationoftwoscientificarticleswitheachonehasaboutthreethousandwords,Ihavedeepenedtheunderstandingofthetranslation.AlltranslationhastwoIndispensablesteps:correctunderstandingandaccuratetranslation.Tomeetthetargetofcorrectunderstanding,weshouldreadthewholepassagecarefullyandfullyunderstanditsmeaningbeforewebegintotranslate.“Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword”,wemustunderstandeachwordwithspecialcontext.WecanconsultadictionaryorsearchtheInternetforhelpaswell.Sometimesweneedtoreadsomebackgroundmaterialsofthepassage,thushelpingustounderstandthepassagebetter.Tomeetthetargetofaccuratetranslation,weshouldhaveagoodknowledgeofthetargetlanguageandbearinmindofsometranslationmethods.Sometimeswecangetsomesupportfrommachinetranslationandcomparethemwiththosetranslatedbyourselves.Afterthatweshouldpayattentiontoappropriateexpression.“Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.”Togetappro