山西省2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末联考英语试题

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页山西省2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末联考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解NorhernMichiganknowshowtocelebratesummer’sarrival.Thismonth,joinadecades-longpartythatgreetsthesun’straditionalcannon(大炮)firingandthecheeringonofaferry(渡船)launch.FortMackinacIt’satraditionfortheLilacQueentofirethefirstcannonwhenPortMackinacopensfortheseason.Thisyearbringsbackapopularprogramthatletsvisitorslearntodrilllikean1880ssoldier,aswellasanewreadingroomofferingthechancetolearnhistorythroughnewspapersoftheday.Youmayevenshareaferryovertotheislandwithahorseortwo.FishtownTheannual“HerecomestheSun”partyhasbeenrockinghistoricFishtowneveryMemorialDayMondayfor30years.Thisyear,TheCoverestaurantisbringingbackthelong-timetraditions:liveband,outdoorbarbecue,andarowboaticingdownthebeerasitfloatsontheLelandRiver.BenzieCountyNothingsaysseasonopenerofsummerlikeHonor’schancetocatchthefamily-friendlydoublefeatureatTheCherryBowlDrive-in.Pre-movie,maketimeforonsiteminigolfandtakinginthecartoonsthatfeaturedancinghotdogs.Don’tforgettogrababoxofpopcorntoppedwithrealbutter.LudingtonTheentiretownlinesthestreetsofLudingtonwhentheSSBadger(獾)setssailfortheseasononMay12.Evenfirst-timesailorsonthisfour-hourLakeMichiganferrywillfindithardtoresistjoiningthequiz(withprizes),orcatchinganon-boardmovie.Lookforthemedshorelinesails,too,thattravelalongLudington’scoastwithliveentertainment.1．Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceamilitarytraining?A．FortMackinac. B．Fishtown. C．BenzieCounty. D．Ludington.2．WhatcanpeopledoinBenzieCounty?A．Watchacannonfiring. B．Tastedelicioushotdogs.C．Enjoyafilmwithfamily. D．Takepartinaquizgame.3．WhatdoFortMackinacandLudingtonhaveincommon?A．Theyprovideboatrides. B．Theyenjoyalonghistory.C．Theyhostliveperformances. D．Theyholdanimal-themedactivities.Asamotherandaprofessionalworkingfulltime,Ispentallofmy30ssayingyes.SayingyestothingsIwantedtodo,butalotofthetimesayingyestothingsIdisliked.Thiswasapeople-pleasingtechniquethatwouldaffectpeople’sopinionofme:thewomanwhocoulddoitall,sothatIcanobtainanicefameintheirmind.LittledidIknowthatIwasalsodevelopinganautoimmune(自身免疫的)disease,whichIhavetobelievewasmybody’swayoftellingmetoslowdown.IhadseverelyswollenjointsandbrainfogbutIpushedthroughsothatIcouldlookinthemirrorattheendofthedayandfeel“accomplished”.TheonlythingsIwasaccomplishingwerebadhealthandbedhabits.Andthenaseriesofeventschangedeverything:seriousmedicalissuesandlosingmyjob.IttookallthattohelpmeseehowintenselyburntoutIwas.IspentalotoftimethinkingaboutwhereIhadtobenextinsteadofbeingpresentinthemoment.Butnow,Iwakeupeachdayknowingthateverythingonmyschedulehasbeenpurposefullyagreedto.Lookingback,Ihadthecapabilitytosufferthepressuretosayyes.Ialsofeltitnecessarytosayyes,fromdrivingpeopletotheairporttoseeingfamilyeveryFridaynight.Ialwayswantedtosolveeveryone’sproblemsandofferedsoundandimmediatesolutions.Itwasonebig“yes”toeverything.Iwaseveryone’scheerleader,butforgothowtocheerformyselfalongtheway.Butsayingnoisbeingmyowncheerleader.Andit’snotsayingnotocaringforfamilyandfriends.Instead,it’saminorchangeinmindset,takingapausebeforeautomaticallyagreeing.Itakeabreath,doaquickcountofmyenergyandabilitybeforejumpingin.4．Whydidtheauthorsayyestothingsshedisliked?A．Topleaseherboss. B．Toproveherprofession.C．Topushherselftothelimit. D．Toearnherselfagoodreputation.5．Howdidtheauthordealwiththechangesinherbody?A．Shegotridofbadhabits. B．Shethoughtlittleofthem.C．Shesloweddownherlifepace. D．Shepaidmoreattentiontoherhealth.6．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Purposeful. B．Stubborn. C．Reflective. D．Encouraging.7．Whatwilltheauthordobeforesayingyes?A．Findacheerleader. B．Evaluatehersituation.C．Breatheinsomefreshair. D．Seekhelpfromherfriends.Lotsofyoungmammalsandbirdsengageinbehaviourthatprovidesnoobviousadaptiveoutcomesuchasaccesstofood,shelteroramate,isvoluntaryandrewardinginitselfandappearstobeconductedpleasantlywhentheanimalisrelaxed.Whataboutbumblebees(大黄蜂)?Apparentlytheyplaytoo,accordingtoworkjustpublishedinAnimalBehaviourbyGalpayageDonaandLarsChittka.TheideaofaskingwhetherbumblebeesliketoplaycametoChittkaduringapreviousstudyinwhichhetrainedthemtorollwoodenballsaroundinordertogainaccesstofood.Henoticedthat,duringthisexperiment,theywouldoftenrolltheballsfornoapparentreason.Theyjustseemedtoenjoyit.AperfectPhDprojectforanambitiousstudent.AndMsGalpayageDonasteppeduptothemark.Shecreatedanfield,putpollen(花粉)andsugarsolutioninittoarrestthebees,andconnecteditviaaplastictubetoabumblebeenestinDrChittka’slaboratory.Inonepartofthefield,nineoftheballswerefixedtothefloor.Inanother,theballscouldberolledaround.MsDonatagged45bees,betweenoneand23daysold,sothattheycouldbefollowedasindividuals.Shethenopenedthedoortothefieldforthreehoursadayfor18daysandrecordedonvideowhathappened.Therecordingssuggestedthatthebeesdidenjoythisexperiment.Allofthetaggedbeesrolledaballatleastonceduringtheexperiment.Mostdidsomanytimes.Oneparticularenthusiastmanaged117rolls.Overall,thecamerarecorded910incidentsofball—rollingbytaggedinsects.Alsoyoungbeesplayedmoreoftenthanoldones.Allthattheyseeminglyneednowissomegoalpostsandareferee(裁判),andbumblebeesocialbehaviourwilltakeofftothenextlevel.8．Whydosomeanimalsengageinthebehaviormentionedinparagraph1?A．Tofindaperfectmate. B．Togainaccesstofood.C．Toentertainthemselves. D．Togetrewardsfromothers.9．WhatgaverisetothestudypublishedinAnimalBehaviour?A．Asurvivaltraining B．Afailedexperiment.C．Anambitiousproject. D．Anunexpectedfinding.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“steppeduptothemark”meaninparagraph3?A．AppliedforherPhD． B．JoinedChittka’sstudy.C．Taggedthebumblebees. D．UpdatedChittka’sequipment.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleofthepassage?A．WhyAnimalsLovetoPlay? B．HowBumblebeesManageBall-rolling?C．AreBumblebeesPorentialFootballPlayers? D．IsPlayfulnessRestrictedtoMammalsandBirdsDartfordGrammar.asecondaryschoolinKent,declinestoentertheirgraduatesforA-levels.Instead.pupilsfollowcoursessetbyInternationalBaccalaureate,anexamboardbasedinSwitzerland.Theystudysixsubjects,andthesemustincludemaths,Englishandaforeignlanguage.“We’renotjustpreparingstudentsforuniversity,”saysJulianMetcalf,theheadmaster,“butforanother60yearsoflifebeyondthat.”EveryfewyearsEngland’sA-levelsystemcomesinforakicking.Britain’sprimeministeristhelatestpersonwhowarnedthatEnglandwasunusualinlettingyoungstersdropmathsandtheirnativelanguageat16.Heproposedswitchingthecurrentsystemforanew“BritishBaccalaureate”thatwouldrequirepupilstokeepupbothofthosesubjectsuntiltheyare18.EvencriticsagreethatA-levelsaredemandingqualifications,andthattheyenjoygreatreputationabroad.Britain’suniversitieshavetraditionallybeenpickierthanthoseinmanyothercountries.Ambitiousstudentshavegenerallybeengratefulthattheyareallowedtosweatonlythesubjectstheyneedforadmission.YetA-levelsmaynotbehandingEnglishteenagersthebreadth(广度)ofskillstheyneed.TheirperformanceinEnglishandmathtestsfallsbehindothercountriesaftertheyturn16.One-thirdof16-to19-year-oldsinEnglandhavelowbasicskillsaccordingtoasurvey.ThereisenoughtimeintheschooldaytoofferextramathsandEnglishclasseswithoutgreatlyaffectingotherstudies.Butitwouldcostmoney.Withoutanyapparentjustification,England’sschoolsgetlessfundingforpupilsaged16-19thantheydoforyoungerchildren.Broadeningstudieswouldalsorequiremorestaff.However,thenumberofpeoplewhobegantrainingtobeasecondary-schoolteacherthisSeptemberwasaboutone-thirdlowerthanhoped.12．WhatdroveDartfordtomakethedecisioninthefirstparagraph?A．A-levels’variouscourses. B．Pupils’heavystudyburden.C．Primeminister’slatestproposal. D．Students’long-termdevelopment.13．WhatdoweknowaboutstudentswhotakeA-levelsinEngland?A．Theypreferforeignlanguages. B．Theyhavetostudysixsubjects.C．Theycanchoosetodropmaths. D．Theyarepickyaboutuniversities.14．WhatmightbeadisadvantageofA-levels?A．Strictadmissionrules. B．Insufficientskilltraining.C．Lowinternationalrecognition. D．Demandingsubjectrequirements.15．WhatmightbeamajorprobleminEngland’seducationsystem?A．Overpaidstaff. B．Longschool-time.C．Unqualifiedteachers. D．Imbalancedinvestment.Asbadasitfeels,anxietyisessential.It’sawful,butimaginenothavingit?Imaginethestateofourlivesandrelationshipsifwedon’thavethatlittlefeelinginsideusgoing,“Ah,don’tgothere.Don’tdothat.”16Butwhenanxietyhits,it’shardtorememberitsimportance.Herearesomeinterventionstohelpdialdownyourstressforthosemoments.NamethingsthatmakeyoufeelsafeIfyou’refeelinganxious,askyourself,“Whataresomethingsthathelpmefeelsafer?”17Alotofpeoplewillfindthatbeingsurroundedbyfamiliarpeopleorthingsiscomforting.Onceyouhaveyourlistofpeopleoractivitiesthatmakeyoufeelsale,pickoneoffthelistanddoit.18Trynamingfivethingsyoucanhear,taste,touch,smellorfeel.Youcanalsotrywashingyourfacewithcoldwater.Smellingsomethingstrongcanhelptoo.Thesestrategieshelpactivatetheparasympatheticnervoussystem(副交感神经系统),whichcanallowthebodytorelax.19AcknowledgeyourphysicalsensationsNaminghowyoufeelphysicallywhenanxiouscanhelpdialdowntheintensity.Forexample,let’ssayyoufeelanxietyinyourstomach.20Then,pickapartofyourbodythatisnotinactivepain.Next,alternateattentionbetweentheplaceinyourbodywhereyoufeelpainandtheplacewhereyoudonotfeelpain.Thismindfulnesstechniquecanhelpyoutolerateorevenreduceyourpain.A．Useyoursensestorelieveyourself.B．Describeyourpaintoyourphysician.C．Noticeyoufeellikeit’sonfireandit’stight.D．Thus,yourphysicalsufferingswillbegreatlyrelieved.E．Anxietyishowourbodycansignaltouswhenwe’reindanger.F．Thatway,thepartofyourbrainresponsibleforlogiccancomebackonline.G．ItcouldbeapersonyoufeelcomfortablearoundoraTVshowyouloverewatching.二、完形填空Itwasaround3p.m.IwaslinedupatthetrainticketcountertoreserveatriptoNagoyato21somephotosforamagazinecalled“TodayFashion”.ItwasthenthatIfeltthegroundmovingslightlylikeasubwayshootingthroughatunnelfarbeneathmyfeet.ItwassomildthatI22it,asdideveryonearoundme.Secondslater,a(n)

23shakeoccurred.Thingsstartedfallingovertotheground,andsignshangingfromtheceilingbeganswingingviolently.Anelderlymannexttomesmiledatme24andjustsaidoneword:“Earthquake.”I25forthedoor,about60feetaway.Thegroundwasshakingsoviolentlythatitwas26toruninastraightline.Myheartwasstillpoundingsowildly27.Ireachedthestreet.Ilongedtogetasfarawayfromthesebuildingsaspossible,butinTokyo,findinganytrulyopenspaceisactually28.Ultimately,Istoodina29foragoodtwohoursasdidmosteveryoneelse.Duringthistime,thegroundofthespaciousparkcontinuedto30lessviolently.Iwould31laterthatafternoonthatthequakewasamagnitude8.9,thestrongestearthquakeinrecordedhistory.Therewereafewwomen32withpeoplepointingupatthebuildingsastheyshook,33manyothersappearedcalmandrelaxed.EventhoughIhavewitnessedmanybigeventsintheworld,Ireally34Japanesefortheircalmnessandtimely35.21．A．shoot B．recommend C．post D．appreciate22．A．ignored B．noticed C．missed D．felt23．A．mild B．violent C．forecast D．anticipated24．A．nervously B．calmly C．broadly D．delightfully25．A．reached B．made C．looked D．rushed26．A．compulsory B．effortless C．challenging D．entertaining27．A．unless B．if C．though D．once28．A．undoubted B．impossible C．easy D．available29．A．park B．building C．subway D．train30．A．change B．crack C．fall D．shake31．A．putforward B．putdown C．figureout D．makeout32．A．laughing B．crying C．escaping D．surviving33．A．yet B．and C．hence D．so34．A．covered B．adored C．thanked D．admired35．A．disaster B．reaction C．rescue D．assistance三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，China'sfirstgroupoffivefemalepilotsflyingJ-11Bfighterjets(战斗机)successfullycompletedtheirfirsttrainingrecently.Thefivefemalepilotsinvolvedareat36averageageof23.FollowingtheirfirstflightintheJ-11B,they

37(receive)trainingonformationflying,low-altitudeandaircombat(作战)trainingbeforetheyfinallyparticipateintofront—linecombatunitsnextyear.Thefivepilotshavecompletedthehigh-overloadandhigh—intensityflighttrainingintheJ11Baircraft,withintensityofthetraining38(be)thesameasthatofthemen.“WearehonoredtobepartofthefirstgroupoffemalepilotsflyingJ-11Bfighterjetsbut39wasalsoatestforus.Thoughwe'reweakinphysicalstrengths40(compare)withmen,flyingthesejetsisnot41howstrongyouare.42mattersmostisdecision-makingandcontrolofthejets.Withthe43(strong)tolerance,womenwouldbebetteradaptingforlong—hourfighting,”notedYanZhongyue,oneofthefivefemalepilots.Womenobviouslyenjoyadvantagesinoperatingweaponsandadvancedequipmentbecauseofthecarefulandsensitivecharacteristics,whichalsosuitsfuturewarfareinwhich44(accuracy)operationofweaponplatformswouldbeoneof45(focus).四、书信写作46．假如你是李华，上周你收到好友Eric的来信，信中提到他所在的孔子学院正在策划校园文化节，他将负责中国展区的布置，想请你提供一些建议。请你回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐展品；2.陈述原因；3.表达期待。注意；1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearEric,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。CaptainAmericahadalwaysbeenaheroforTimothyWhiteduringhischildhood.WhitedressedupasCaptainAmericaforconventions,paradesandthelocalAnti-violenceSuperheroDay.Asateenager,heonceknockedfiercelyinthedoorofahousethatwasonfiretoseeifanyonewastrappedinside.Fortunately,thehousewasempty.However,thingswerequitedifferentthistime.IfTimothyWhiteJr.wereCaptainAmerica,perhapsonethrowofthesuperhero'strademarkshield(盾牌)couldhavesavedtheday.Butthiswasreallife.WhenhespottedtroubleonthisSeptemberafternoonhewasn'twearinghiscostumeandcouldn'tfallbackonanysuperpowers.ItwasrushhourinHarrisburg,Pennsylvania.White,38,wasdrivinghomefromthenon-profitheandhismotherruncalledAMiracle4Sure,whichhelpedformerlyimprisonedindividualsreadapttosociety.Togetsomefreshairfromthelongdrive,hekepthiswindowdownonthisautumnday.Suddenly,henoticedagrayfourdoorpickupontheoppositesideofthestreet.Thetruckwasgoing10to15mph.Itwashardtomiss,sinceitwascirclingandtilting(倾斜)intotheroadbeforecourse-correcting,onlytotiltintotheroadagain."Whatanannoyingdriver!"Whitemurmured.Butasthetruckdrewcloser,Whitetookaglanceatit.Thistimehegotagoodlookattheproblem:Thedriverappearedtobeasleep!Worsestill,theywerecominguptoabusystreet.Prettysoon,thisguy'sgoingtocrashintoahouseandkillhimselforsomebodyelse,Whitethought.Whilemanypeoplewouldhavekeptondriving,that'snothowWhitedid—hisgirlfriendreferstohimasCaptainHarrisburgbecauseofhispermanentwillingnesstohelppeopleout.Hehadtostopthatvehiclebeforeanythingterriblehappened.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。WhitemadeaU-turnandwasnowfacinginthesamedirectionasthetruck.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anambulancesoonarrivedandtookthedrivertoahospital.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．A2．C3．A【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了密歇根北部四个地区庆祝夏天的活动。1．细节理解题。根据FortMackinac下面的“Thisyearbringsbackapopularprogramthatletsvisitorslearntodrilllikean1880ssoldier,aswellasanewreadingroomofferingthechancetolearnhistorythroughnewspapersoftheday.(今年带回了一个受欢迎的项目，让游客像19世纪80年代的士兵一样学习训练，还有一个新的阅览室，提供了通过那个时代的报纸学习历史的机会)”可知，如果你想体验军事训练可以去FortMackinac。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据BenzieCounty下面的“NothingsaysseasonopenerofsummerlikeHonor’schancetocatchthefamily-friendlydoublefeatureatTheCherryBowlDrive-in.Pre-movie,maketimeforonsiteminigolfandtakinginthecartoonsthatfeaturedancinghotdogs.(没有什么比Honor有机会在CherryBowl电影院观看家庭友好双人秀更能说明夏季的赛季揭幕战了。看电影前，腾出时间在现场打迷你高尔夫，观看以跳舞热狗为特色的动画片)”可知，在BenzieCounty可以和家人一起看电影。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据FortMackinac下面的“Youmayevenshareaferryovertotheisland...(你甚至可以和一两匹马一起乘渡船去岛上)”和Ludington下面的“Evenfirst-timesailorsonthisfour-hourLakeMichiganferrywillfindithardtoresistthequiz(withprizes!)...(即使是第一次乘坐这艘长达四小时的密歇根湖渡轮的水手，也会发现很难抗拒参加（有奖）测验或观看船上电影)”可知，两项活动中都可以乘坐游轮。故选A。4．D5．B6．C7．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者曾经因为过于在乎别人对自己的看法而对他人的任何要求都接受，最终作者的身体因为繁忙的生活而不堪重负，同时自己失去了工作，这让作者开始反思自己的生活方式，并决心做出改变，学会量力而行。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“SayingyestothingsIwantedtodo,butalotofthetimesayingyestothingsIdisliked.Thiswasapeople-pleasingtechniquethatwouldaffectpeople’sopinionofme:thewomanwhocoulddoitall,sothatIcanobtainanicefameintheirmind.(答应我想做的事情，但很多时候答应我不喜欢的事情。这是一种取悦人的技巧，会影响人们对我的看法：一个能做到这一切的女人，这样我就能在他们心目中获得很好的名声。)”可知，作者答应自己不喜欢做的事情是为了让别人认为自己无所不能，在他人心中树立起好的名声。故选D。5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“IhadseverelyswollenjointsandbrainfogbutIpushedthroughsothatIcouldlookinthemirrorattheendofthedayandfeel‘accomplished’.(我有严重的关节肿胀和脑雾，但我坚持了下来，这样我就可以在一天结束时照镜子，感觉‘很有成就感’。)”可知，作者在身体出现问题后依然硬撑，只为了让自己在一天结束的时候有所谓的“成就感”，由此可推知，她对身体的变化没有太在意。故选B.6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“IttookallthattohelpmeseehowintenselyburntoutIwas.IspentalotoftimethinkingaboutwhereIhadtobenextinsteadofbeingpresentinthemoment.(这一切让我明白了自己是多么地积劳成疾。我花了很多时间思考我下一步该去哪里，而不是在当下。)”可知，作者在健康出问题和失业后对自己的生活方式进行了反思，由此可推测出，她是一个具有反思意识的人。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Itakeabreath,doaquickcountofmyenergyandabilitybeforejumpingin.(我深吸一口气，在跳进去之前快速数一下自己的精力和能力。)”可知，作者现在在答应别人之前会先衡量一下自己的精力和能力，即先评估一下自身的情况再做决定。故选B。8．C9．D10．B11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研人员在某次研究中意外发现大黄蜂跟许多哺乳动物和鸟类一样，喜欢玩耍。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Lotsofyoungmammalsandbirdsengageinbehaviourthatprovidesnoobviousadaptiveoutcomesuchasaccesstofood,shelteroramate,isvoluntaryandrewardinginitselfandappearstobeconductedpleasantlywhentheanimalisrelaxed.(许多小哺乳动物和鸟类的行为没有提供明显的适应性结果，比如获得食物、住所或配偶，这是自愿的，本身就是有益的，当动物放松时，这种行为似乎是愉快的)”可知，有些动物会有第1段提到的行为是为了娱乐自己。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“TheideaofaskingwhetherbumblebeesliketoplaycametoChittkaduringapreviousstudyinwhichhetrainedthemtorollwoodenballsaroundinordertogainaccesstofood.Henoticedthat,duringthisexperiment,theywouldoftenrolltheballsfornoapparentreason.Theyjustseemedtoenjoyit.(Chittka在之前的一项研究中，训练大黄蜂滚动木球以获得食物，他萌生了询问大黄蜂是否喜欢玩耍的想法。他注意到，在这个实验中，他们经常无缘无故地滚球。他们似乎很享受)”可知，Chittka原本是为了训练大黄蜂滚动木球，结果意外发现大黄蜂会自发滚木球，而且很享受这一过程，从而催生了新研究，故是意料之外的发现导致了发表在《动物行为》杂志上的这项研究。故选D。10．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“AperfectPhDprojectforanambitiousstudent.(对于一个有抱负的学生来说，这是一个完美的博士项目)”以及后文“Shecreatedanfield,putpollen(花粉)andsugarsolutioninittoarrestthebees,andconnecteditviaaplastictubetoabumblebeenestinDrChittka’slaboratory.(她开辟了一块田地，在里面放上花粉和糖溶液来阻止蜜蜂，并通过一根塑料管连接到Chittka博士实验室的大黄蜂巢穴)”可知，这个项目很适合有抱负的学生，所以GalpayageDona加入了Chittka的研究，后文“通过一根塑料管连接到Chittka博士实验室的大黄蜂巢穴”也说明她加入了研究。故划线词意思是“加入Chittka的研究”。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Lotsofyoungmammalsandbirdsengageinbehaviourthatprovidesnoobviousadaptiveoutcomesuchasaccesstofood,shelteroramate,isvoluntaryandrewardinginitselfandappearstobeconductedpleasantlywhentheanimalisrelaxed.(许多小哺乳动物和鸟类的行为没有提供明显的适应性结果，比如获得食物、住所或配偶，这是自愿的，本身就是有益的，当动物放松时，这种行为似乎是愉快的)”以及第二段“Whataboutbumblebees(大黄蜂)?Apparentlytheyplaytoo,accordingtoworkjustpublishedinAnimalBehaviourbyGalpayageDonaandLarsChittka.(那大黄蜂呢？根据GalpayageDona和LarsChittka刚刚发表在《动物行为》杂志上的研究，显然它们也会玩耍)”结合文章介绍了科研人员在某次研究中意外发现大黄蜂跟许多哺乳动物和鸟类一样，喜欢玩耍。可知，D选项“玩闹仅限于哺乳动物和鸟类吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。12．D13．C14．B15．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国高考A-levels的利弊以及英国教育目前的困境。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中““We’renotjustpreparingstudentsforuniversity,”saysJulianMetcalf,theheadmaster,“butforanother60yearsoflifebeyondthat.”(校长朱利安·梅特卡夫说：“我们不只是让学生为上大学做准备，而是为以后60年的生活做准备。”)”可知，学校的办学宗旨不仅限于让学生考上大学，更重要的是他们未来60年的人生，即学生的长期发展，故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Britain’sprimeministeristhelatestpersonwhowarnedthatEnglandwasunusualinlettingyoungstersdropmathsandtheirnativelanguageat16.(英国首相是最新一位提出警告的人，他说英国让16岁的孩子放弃数学和母语是不寻常的)”可知，参加A-levels的考生可以选择不学数学和英语，故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“YetA-levelsmaynotbehandingEnglishteenagersthebreadth(广度)ofskillstheyneed.(然而，A-level可能并没有教给英国青少年他们所需要的广泛技能)”可知，A-levels考试在学生技能广度的培养上做得并不好，故选B。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Withoutanyapparentjustification,England’sschoolsgetlessfundingforpupilsaged16-19thantheydoforyoungerchildren.(在没有任何明显理由的情况下，英格兰学校对16-19岁学生的资助少于对更小的学生的资助)”可知，英国教育系统的主要问题是投资不平衡，故选D。16．E17．G18．A19．F20．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了几种应对焦虑的方法。【详解】1.前文“Asbadasitfeels,anxietyisessential.It’sawful,butimaginenothavingit?(尽管感觉很糟糕，但焦虑是必不可少的。这很可怕，但想象一下没有它会怎样)”表明焦虑对于我们很重要，后文“Butwhenanxietyhits,it’shardtorememberitsimportance.(但当焦虑袭来时，我们很难记住它的重要性)”进行转折，表示焦虑会让我们忽视其重要性；E选项“Anxietyishowourbodycansignaltouswhenwe’reindanger(焦虑是我们的身体在我们处于危险中时发出的信号)”为前文的总结，表示焦虑的重要性。故选E。2.根据空前“Ifyou’refeelinganxious,askyourself,“Whataresomethingsthathelpmefeelsafer?”(如果你感到焦虑，问问自己，“有什么能让我感觉更安全？”)”及空后“Alotofpeoplewillfindthatbeingsurroundedbyfamiliarpeopleorthingsiscomforting.(很多人会发现，被熟悉的人或事物包围是一种安慰)”可知，作者建议人们想一些让自己有安全感的熟悉的人或事情；G选项“ItcouldbeapersonyoufeelcomfortablearoundoraTVshowyouloverewatching(可以是一个让你感觉舒服的人，也可以是一个你喜欢重看的电视节目)”为具体人或事情的举例，符合语境。故选G。3.空处为小标题，根据下文“Trynamingfivethingsyoucanhear,taste,touch,smellorfeel.Youcanalsotrywashingyourfacewithcoldwater.Smellingsomethingstrongcanhelptoo.(试着说出五种你能听到、尝到、摸到、闻到或感觉到的东西。你也可以试着用冷水洗脸。闻到一些强烈的气味也会有所帮助)”表明作者建议利用自己的感官进行放松；A选项“Useyoursensestorelieveyourself(用你的感官来放松自己)”符合主旨。故选A。4.空前“Thesestrategieshelpactivatetheparasympatheticnervoussystem,whichcanallowthebodytorelax.(这些策略有助于激活副交感神经系统，从而使身体放松)”可知，本段建议利用各种激发自己感官的小技巧让自己放松，缓解焦虑，这样大脑才不会被焦虑困扰，恢复理智；F选项“Thatway,thepartofyourbrainresponsibleforlogiccancomebackonline(这样，你大脑中负责逻辑的部分就能恢复正常)”为前文策略的好处，符合语境。故选F。5.根据小标题“Acknowledgeyourphysicalsensations(承认你的身体感觉)”以及空前“Forexample,let’ssayyoufeelanxietyinyourstomach.(例如，假设你的胃感到焦虑)”可知，作者建议自己承认生理感受，胃部焦虑时可能得生理感受包括发热或者发紧；C选项“Noticeyoufeellikeit’sonfireandit’stight(注意你感觉它很烧，而且很紧)”符合语境。故选C。21．A22．A23．B24．B25．D26．C27．C28．B29．A30．D31．C32．B33．A34．D35．B【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在日本遇到一次地震的经历，并十分佩服日本人的冷静和及时的反应。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在火车站售票处排着队，预订去名古屋的旅行，为一本名为《今日时尚》的杂志拍摄一些照片。A.shoot拍摄；B.recommend推荐；C.post邮寄；D.appreciate欣赏。根据“somephotosforamagazine”可知，作者要为杂志拍摄照片。故选A项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是如此的温和，我忽略了它，就像我周围的人一样。A.ignored忽视；B.noticed注意到；C.missed错过；D.felt感觉。根据“Itwassomild”可知，脚下的运动很轻微，作者忽视了第一次地震。故选A项。23．考查形容词、名词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，发生了一次剧烈的震动。A.mild温和的；B.violent剧烈的；C.forecast预报；D.anticipated受期盼的。根据“Thingsstartedfallingovertotheground,andsignshangingfromtheceilingbeganswingingviolently.”可知，不久后，就发生了剧烈的震动。故选B项。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我旁边的一位老人平静地对我笑了笑，只说了一个词：“地震。”A.nervously紧张地；B.calmly平静地；C.broadly广泛地；D.delightfully欣然地、快乐地。根据“smiledatme”可知，尽管遇到地震，但是身边的日本老人却十分平静并微笑着告诉作者地震了。故选B项。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向大约60英尺外的门冲去。A.reached到达；B.made使成为；C.looked看；D.rushed冲。根据“I___5___forthedoor,about60feetaway.”及下文“Myheartwasstillpoundingsowildly”可知，作者遇到地震很慌张，赶紧冲了出去。故选D项。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地面摇晃得如此剧烈，以至于很难跑出一条直线。A.compulsory义务的；B.effortless不需费力的；C.challenging有挑战的；D.entertaining令人愉快的。根据“Thegroundwasshakingsoviolently”可知，地面剧烈摇晃，作者跑出直线是有挑战性的。故选C项。27．考查连词词义辨析。句意：不过，我的心还在狂跳。A.unless除非；B.if如果；C.though不过；D.once一旦。根据“Myheartwasstillpoundingsowildly”可知，作者跑了出去，但是心脏在狂跳，此处表示补充说明，放于句末，语气变弱。故选C项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我渴望离这些建筑越远越好，但在东京，找到任何真正的开放空间实际上是不可能的。A.undoubted无疑的；B.impossible不可能的；C.easy容易的；D.available可用的。根据“Ilongedtogetasfarawayfromthesebuildingsaspossible,butinTokyo,findinganytrulyopenspaceisactually___8___.”可知，在东京，建筑物很密集，找到空旷的场地是不可能的。故选B项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我和大多数人一样，在公园里站了整整两个小时。A.park公园；B.building建筑物；C.subway地铁；D.train火车。根据下文“thespaciouspark”可知，作者来到了一个公园。故选A项。