2023-2024学年上海同济一附中高三上英语10月测评卷及答案

高中PAGE1高中2024届上海同济大学一附中高三英语十月试卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.YoungpeopleintheU.S.areexperiencingamentalhealthcrisis.Reportsfromthesurgeongeneral,andtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhighlightthephenomenon,withfamiliesandchildrentryingtogetamomentwith21._________(exhaust)counselors,psychologistsorsocialworkers.Scientificadvanceshaveidentifiedeffectiveschool-basedmentalhealthpractices,suchasemotional-regulationtrainingthatteacheschildren22._________tocopewithstrongfeelings,orscreeningstodetectmentalhealthcrisesbeforetheyoccur.Theseinsightsandpracticeshavelargelybeenignored.Nowisthetimetoactonthem23.__________________long-disprovedtheoriesofphysicalandmentalhealthasbeingtwoindependentsystemhavemotivatedtheannualinvestmentofbillioninmedicalresearchandphysiciantraining,fewresourcesareavailabletoadvancepsychologicalscienceoramentalhealthworkforce.Theneedisclear.DatafromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,24._________oneofus,KathleenA.Ethier,isdirectorofadolescentandschoolhealth,revealthatin2009-2019,aremarkablyhighnumberofyoungpeoplereported25._________(feel)severeemotionaldistress.Specifically,in2019,sosadandhopeless26._________37percentofhighschoolstudentsfeelthattheycouldn'tparticipateinregularactivities.Thewayforwardcanbefoundinscience-basedpsycho-socialapproachesthatoneofus,MitchPrinsteinandourpsychologistcolleagues27._________(develop)overrecentdecades.Wehaveidentifiedeffectivemethodstopreventemotionalorbehavioraldistressbyteachingchildrenskillstocopewithstressors,develophealthysocialrelationshipsandspotdepressionwarningsigns.Forinstance,duringthepandemic,studentswhofeltconnectedtoothersinschoolwere28._________(likely)toexperienceindicatorsofpoormentalhealth.Theseprogramsrequireacommitmenttothescienceofbehaviorandtheimplementationofinnovativeinitiatives.Andtheyneedresources-toimplementthesepreventionapproachesatscaleandamongpopulationsmostatneed.Failure29._________(address)thismentalhealthcrisiswillresultinnotonlythedistressofmillionsofU.S.youthtodaybutachangeintheproductivity,successandwellnessofU.S.citizensatlarge30._________thisgenerationmatures.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.assignedB.attractiveC.bridgeD.cooperatingE.exposedF.possessionsG.requestsH.screenI.socializingJ.unappealingK.virtualTheofficeusedtobeaplacepeoplewentbecausetheyhadto.Meetingshappenedinconferenceroomsandinperson.Deskstookupmostofthespace.ThekingdomofDilbertandofDavidBrentisnowunderthreat.Thepandemichas31._________theofficetocompetitionfromremoteworking,andbroughtupquestionsabouthowitshouldbedesignedinthefuture.Startwithwhattheofficeisfor.Inthepastitwasaplaceforemployeestogettheirworkdone,whateverformthattook.Nowotherconceptionsofitsrolestriveforattention.Somethinkoftheofficeasthenewoffsite（异地活动）.Itspurposeistogetpeopletogetherinpersonsotheycandothethingsthatremoteworkingmakesharder:establishingdeeperrelationshipsor32._________inrealtimeonspecificprojects.Otherstalkoftheofficeasadestination,aplacethathastomaketheideaofgettingoutofbedearlier,inordertosocializewithpeoplewhomayhavecovid-19,seem33._________.Inotherwords,alayoutthatislargelydevotedtopeopleworkingatdesksalongsidethesamecolleagueseachdayallfeelsvery2019.Withfewerpeoplecominginandmoreemphasisoncooperation,fewerdeskswillbe34._________toindividuals.Instead,therewillbemoresharedareas,wherepeopleinateamcanworktogetherflexible.Morehot-desking（轮用办公桌）willalsonecessitatestoragespaceforpersonal35._________:lockersmaysoonbebackinyourlife.To36._________gapsbetweenteams,onestrategyistosetasidemoreoftheofficetopresenttheworkofeachdepartment.Anotheroptionistoprovideeveryonewithdrink.Expectmorespacetobesetasidefor37._________andevents.Barsinofficesareapparentlygoingtobeathing.RobinAviaofGensler,anarchitecturefirm,sayssheisseeinglotsof38._________forplaces,likelargeauditoriums,whereacompany'sclientscanhave"experiences".Designsforthepost-covidofficemustalsoallowforhybridwork.Meetingshavetoworkfor39._________participantsaswellasforin-personcontributors:cameras,screensandmicrophoneswillmultiply.Gensler'sNewYorkofficesfeaturemini-meetingroomsthathaveamonitorandahalf-tablestickingoutfromthewallbelowit,withseatingfor4or5peoplearrangedtofacethe40._________,noteachother.III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Restaurantandhotelbosseshavehadatoughyear.Some700,000hospitalityworkersthrewinthe__41__onaverageeachmonthinthepastyear.Bars,cafesandrestaurantsare1.3mworkers__42__relativetothe16.9memployedbeforecovid-19.Thequiterateinleisureandhospitalityjumpedbyapercentagepoint,to6.4%.__43__fromtheOmicronVariantmaymakemattersworse:ascasesincreasedgreatlyinDecember,restaurantfootfall（客流）fell__44__.Asinotherindustries,workersinhospitalityareleavingforvariousreasons,fromfearofinfectionto__45__opportunitieselsewhere.Butonebigmotiveisburnout.Surveysfindthat__46__stressisagrowingconcernacrossthelabourmarket,butdissatisfactionisespeciallyhighinserviceroles,wherehybridworkisnotpossible.Datashowedthatemployees__47__thehospitalitysectorasoneoftheworstforwork-lifebalance.Workersreportthatnewtaskssuchasdealingwithangrycustomersand__48__healthmandates（指令）haveaddedtotheburden.Workinrestaurantsandhotelscanbephysically__49__,poorlypaidandunpredictable.Unlikewhite-collarworkers,whosufferfromneedingtobeconstantlyavailable,serviceworkersburnoutasaresultofuncertain__50__andalackofcontrolovertime,saysAshleyWhillansofHarvardBusinessSchool.IanCookofVisier,ahuman-resources-analyticsfirm,saysthattimeoffduringlock-downsgaveemployeesanopportunityto__51__theirrelationshipwith"fragileandlowpaidwork."Firmshave__52__torespond.Manyfoodandaccommodationbusinesseshaveraisedwages--byanaverageof8.1%yearonyearinthethirdquarter,thehighestincreaseonrecord.__53__,thatmanynotbeenough.Inonepollofhospitality,overhalfsaidhigherpaywillnottemptthembackbyitself.DanielZhao,aneconomistAtGlass-door,foreseesapermanentreductiontothehospitalityworkforce.Assomeworkersquite,thosewhoremainmustpickuptheslack,leadingtomorestress.This__54__givesbirthtomoreexits,andsoon.__55__anageingpopulation,withdecreasingnumbersofyoungpeoplepreparedtoworkinkitchensorsweephotelcorridors,andhospitalitybusinessesmaybecontendingwith（艰难应对）blue-collarburnoutforyearstocome.41.A.wrapB.vacationC.towelD.identity42.A.spareB.richC.shortD.scarce43.A.ContributionB.UncertaintyC.RemedyD.Consequence44.A.coincidentallyB.sharplyC.suddenlyD.temporarily45.A.rareB.betterC.occasionalD.unclear46.A.primaryB.pessimisticC.momentaryD.long-term47.A.calculateB.approachC.inspectD.rate48.A.reformingB.regulatingC.enforcingD.engaging49.A.relaxingB.challengingC.drainingD.inviting50.A.schedulesB.paymentsC.exchangesD.prospects51.A.inquireintoB.reflectonC.accountforD.answerfor52.A.rushedB.failedC.hesitatedD.expected53.A.HenceB.MoreoverC.SimilarlyD.Nonetheless54.A.inreturnB.inarowC.inturnD.inadvance55.A.ExcludeB.FollowC.ConcernD.AddSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchess（公爵夫人）ofWindsorrepresentsmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisconsideredassuchvirtue.Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignercloches.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetterorworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotupsetting?Untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvation（救助）andhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat--orevenonlysomewhatoverweight--isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthatinmanycases,beingoverweightisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem--toomuchfatandalackoffiber--thanaweightproblem.Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweighttoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.56.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat_________.A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtueB.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortuneC.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredqualityD.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilykind-hearted57.Inhumanhistory,people'sviewsonbodyweight_________.A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefsB.changedfromtimetotimeC.variedbetweenthepoorandtherichD.ledtodifferentmoralstandards58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vainglory"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Greathonour.B.Outdatedconcept.C.Self-relianceD.Excessivepride.59.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness_________.A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspectiveB.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofviewC.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpointD.inthelightofmoralprinciples(B)Newunderstandingoftherelationbetweenthoughtandemotionhavestrengthenedthescientificfoundationofthestudyofemotionalintelligence.Usingasimpledecision-makingtask,neurologistAntonioR.DamasioandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityoflowahaveprovidedconvincingevidencethatemotionandreasonareessentiallyinseparable.Intheearly1990sDamasiohadpeopleparticipateinagamblingtaskinwhichthegoalistomaximizeprofitonaloanofplaymoney.Participantswereinstructedtoselect100cards,oneatatime,fromfourdifferentdecks.Theexperimenterarrangedthecardssuchthattwoofthedecksprovidedlargerpayoffs($100comparedtoonly$50)butalsodoledout（按份额发放）largerpenaltiesatunpredictableintervals.Onegroupofparticipantsinthisstudyhadbeenidentifiedashavinglesions（损害）totheventromedialprefrontalcortexofthebrain.Patientswiththistypeofbraindamagehavenormalintellectualfunctionbutareunabletouseemotioninmakingdecisions.Theothergroupwasnormal,meaningthattheirbrainswerefullyintact.Becausetherewasnowayforanyoftheplayerstocalculatepreciselywhichdeckswereriskier,theyhadtorelyontheir"gut"feelingstoavoidlosingmoney.Damasio'sgroupdemonstratedthatthebrain-lesionpatientsfailedtopayattentiontothesefeelingsandthuslostsignificantlymoremoney.Therefore,defectsinthebrainthatimpairemotionandfeelingdetectioncanimpairdecision-making.Damasioconcludedthat"individualsmakejudgmentsnotonlybyassessingtheseverityofoutcomes,butalsoandprimarilyintermsoftheiremotionalquality."60.HowmuchcanoneparticipantgetifheorshekeepspickingcardsfromDeckCandD?A.Almost$1,250B.About$5,000.C.Around$2,500.D.Hardtotell.61.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageandpictures?A.Thebrain-damagedpatientsrelyontheiremotiontoplaygames.B.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthebrain-damagedandnormalparticipants.C.Thenormalparticipantsarelikelytowinmoremoneybecauseoftheirreasoningability.D.Thebrain-damagedparticipantsmaylosemoremoneythanthenormalparticipants.62.Whichofthefollowingchartbestrepresentstheresultofcardselectionofthosewithventromediallesion?(C)TherearecertainareasonMarswherewedon'tdaretread.NASAforbidsspacecraftfromvisitingspotsthatpossiblyhostliquidwater,andsowherelifemightbeabletothrive,forfeartopollutingMarswithEarthmicrobes（微生物）.ButananalysisofthesaltyliquidsonMarssuggestsweneedn'tworry,becauselifeasweknowitshouldbeunabletoexistanywhereontheplanet'ssurface.EdgardRivera-ValentinattheLunarandPlanetaryInstituteinTexasandhiscolleaguesusedreadingsofthetemperatureandrelativehumidityacrossMarstomapthepresenceofsaltywater.Anywateronthesurfaceislikelytobesalty,simplybecausethesurfaceis.Thisbooststhechancesofwaterbeingliquidbecausesaltlowersitsfreezingpoint.Itislikewhenyouthrowsaltonanicysidewalk,saysDanielleNudingatNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinCalifornia."It'sthesamechemistryhappening."Unfortunately,thesaltierthewater,thelesslikelyanythingcansurviveinit.TheteamfoundthateventhoughtherecouldbesaltywateronthesurfaceofMarsupto18percentoftheyear,dependingontheseason,nomicrobewehaveevenseenonEarthwouldbeabletoreproducethere."Lifeasweknowitisnotgoingtofindthebrines（盐水）andsurvivebecauseit'seithergoingtobewaytoocoldorwaytoosalty,"saysRivera-Valentin,whopresentedtheresultsattheLunarandPlanetaryScienceConferenceinTexas.Thatdoesn'tmeanwecan'tpolluteMars:brineswithdifferenttypesofsaltsmixedtogethermightbefriendliertolifeandtemperaturesjustbelowthesurfacearemuchlessextreme.Nevertheless,aslongaswedon'tdigdown,itmightbehighlyunlikelyorevenimpossibleforroverssuchasCuriositytopolluteMars."Thelevelsofsterilisation（杀毒）thatwe'vedonewithCuriosityshouldbegoodenoughtoignore[thebanonvisiting]whatwe'vebeencalling'specialregions'untilnow,"saysJenniferHanleyatLowellObservatoryinArizona."Ithinkthatwe'reOKtogo."Visitingtheseregionswouldbeparticularlyhelpfulbecause,whiletheyareintheorythemostvulnerableareasonMars,theyarealsothemostinteresting.Forexample,argumentshavebeenragingforoveradecadeaboutwhetherdarkstreaksonMartianslopescalledrecurringslopelineaeareflowingwaterorjustdust.AquickvisitbyCuriosity,whichisnearanareawheretheflowsoftenform,couldsolveitonceandforall.EvenifareaswithwaterareinhospitabletoEarthlife,theycouldstillbehometonativeMartianlifeforms."IfyouhadlifethatoriginatedonMarswhenitwasmorehabitable,itcouldbethatasMarschanged,lifecouldhavegraduallyadaptedtothenew,moreextremeconditions,"saysRivera-Valentin.63.NASAforbidsspacecraftfromvisitingthespecialregionsonMarsbecause_________.A.lifeisunabletothrivethere,thusthere'snopointofvisitingthemB.MartianlifeprobablyexiststhereandmightthreatenhumanbeingsC.theyworryEarthmicrobesmightsurvivethere,thuspollutingMarsD.humanbeingsknownothingabouttheseareasandtheyaredangeroustous64.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Mars'surfacebeingsaltyprovidesevidencethatMarshostsliquidwater.B.EarthlifeisunlikelytopolluteMarsbecausethesurfaceoftheplanetiseithertoocoldortoosalty.C.ThefearofpollutingMarsisunnecessarybecausehumanbeingshavenointentionofthatunderanycircumstances.D.JenniferHanleythinkshumanbeingsshouldexplorethespecialregionsonMarsinordertoprovetheexistenceofMartianlife.65.WhatisthepointofvisitingthespecialregionsonMars?A.Martianlifemightbefound.B.Liquidwatermightbefound.C.ManypuzzlesaboutMarscouldsoonbesolved.D.Nohumanshaveevervisitedthoseregionsbefore.66.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WateronMarstooSaltyforEarthLifeB.Curiosityrover:TheultimateguideC.MysteriesofMarstobeUnveiledD.TheSaltyWaterofLifeSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Sometherapistsutilizetechniquesthatactagainstthephysicalsymptomsoffear.B.Survivalmayhothanginthebalance,butsocial,professionalorfinancialsuccesscanseemtobeingravedanger.C.Allthesesymptomseatawayattheveryresourcesneededtorisetotheoccasion:steadyhands,clearmemoryandacoolhead.D.Theindividualbeginsbyimaginingfailure,workshimselforherselfintoastateandthencriticizeshisorherownabilities.E.AtHarvard,Powellfoundthatfacinganxietycanbeahardtask,butmanytimesthefeararisesfromcompletelycontrollablepreconditions.F.Becauseperformanceanxietyariseswhenotherpeoplearepresent,manypsychologistsbelievethattheconditionisasub-categoryofsocialanxiety.Fearisgood;inemergencies,itenablesustofightorflee.Butoftenwegetscaredatthewrongtime--whenwestepontothefieldforabigsoccergameoruptothemicrophoneatalargetownmeeting.Professionalathletesandactorssaysomenervousnesshelpthemconcentratebetter.But,whenperformanceanxietyistoopowerful,itunderminesourefforts:aviolinistcannotfindthecorrectnotes,amanagerinameetingforgetsallthetalkingpoints.(67)_________.Thehumananxietyreactionbeginsalmostautomaticallyandincludesclearphysiologicalsymptoms:aracingheart,sweating,stomachpains.Somepeoplehavetroublebreathingorfeelfaint.Thusalarmed,victimsmaywithdrawintothemselvesorshockothersaroundthemwithaggressiveoutbursts.Iftheneedtoperformisaregularrequirement,theymaysufferfromnightmaresorfallintodepression.(68)_________Studiesrevealthatanxiety-plaguedexecutivesandlessabletoapplylogicalintelligenceonstandardteststhancalmercolleagues.(69)_________YetpsychologistDouglasH.PowellofHarvardMedicalSchoolisconvincedthatseverestagefrightisaphenomenonuntoitself,giventhatitappearsinonlycertainwell-definedsituations.Sociophobes（社恐的人）,incontrast,suffermerelywhenothersarepresent.Whereaspeoplewithsocialphobiasfearthenegativefeelingsofothers,thoseswithperformanceanxietyaretheirownharshestcritics.Theyareperfectionistsandwouldrathercancelanappearance--oravoidit--thannotmeettheirownstandardsand,byextension,notbeabletodemonstratehowgoodtheyare.Thisdestructivestyleofthinkingoftenarisesfromalackofself-esteem.(70)_________Previousbadexperiencescanbeatrigger--anembarrassingexperienceinaschoolplayorasinglefailedtestcansometimesarousesuchstrongfeelingsofshameinyoungstersthatasadultstheywillavoidanyremotelysimilarundertaking.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.TheBoomingofMobilePaymentPeopleinChinaarenowincreasinglypayingwiththeircellphones.Accordingtothestatistics,Chinesespent$5.5trillionthroughmobilepaymentplatformslastyear,about50timestheamountinAmerica.Mobilepaymentapps,AlipayandWeChatPay,whichbelongtothecountry'sleadingsocialmessagingplatforms,togetherhold90percentofthemarket,leavingApplePaystrugglingmakeinroads（进军市场）.IhaverecentlyspentadayinHangzhou,hometoAlibaba,toseehoweasytowastogocashless,andIfounditsomewhataheadofothercities,includingBeijing.Irodebusesandsubways,whichallacceptAlipay.IvisitedamajorBuddhisttemple,wherevisitorscanmakedonationswiththeirphones.Ievenlistenedtothesadtunesofawomanperformingmusicinthestreetforchange--forascanofaQRcodeplacedbesidethechangeboxtotheexact.MobilePaymentsgreatlyimprovetransactional（交易的）efficiency.Whendoingbusiness,peopledon'thavetoworryaboutgettingtakemoney,orhavingtocarrychange.Allthisisarapidandsomewhatsurprisingdevelopmentinacountrywhere,acoupleofdecadesago,itwasn'tevenclearthatcreditcardsweregoingtocatchon.Theplatformsalsocameupwithatechnicalfix:byusingthecellularnetworkssmartphonesuse,theybypassedtheoften-unreliabledatanetworksusedbycreditcardpaymentterminals.Asaresult,afterseveralyearsofgrowth,creditcardus