新教材2024版高中英语课时作业3Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅢUsingLanguage新人教版选择性必修第二册

课时作业(三)UNIT1SectionⅢUsingLanguageeq\a\vs4\al(层级一)课时跟踪检测维度1单词拼法1．[2024·全国乙卷]Frommypointofview,weshouldalsotakeEnglishbooksandwebsitesintoconsideration,thuslayinga________(牢靠的)foundationforEnglish.2．Therewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherain________(倾泻)down.3．Suspectedofstealingthecar,he________(辩解)himselfbyofferingsolidproofyesterday.4．Alltheteachersaresatisfiedwithyour________(绝妙的)performanceinthespeechcontest.5．Heistheonlyoneofthe________(助理)whoisgiftedinmusic.6．Theplayer's________(杰出的)performanceleftadeepimpressiononeveryonepresent.7．OnFridaynightIhadsucha________(生动的)dreamthatIcanstillremembertheterriblefeeling.8．Theprofessor's________(抽象的)theoryishardforustounderstand.维度2单句语法填空1．Muchtoourjoy,hishealthisgetting________(steady)betterwithtimegoingby.2．Inreality,themechanicmadeaseveremistake,________(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(读后续写之惊惶心理描写)3．Theoutstandingastronomerwhodevotedhimselftohiscareercamedown________asevereillness.4．Withtears________(pour)downhischeeks,hewatchedthedocumentaryfilm________(trace)thehistoryoftheancienttown.5．________(choose)aschairmanoftheStudents'Union,hejumpedwithjoy.6．Oneofthemain________(finding)ofthesurveywastheconfusionaboutthefacilitiesalreadyinplace.7．When________(ask)toexplainwhyshewentthrougharedlight,shedefendedherselfvigorously.8．Thoughhecamedown________aseveredisease,hewasstillwilling________(help)overthecourseoftheproject.维度3选词填空aboveall,subscribeto,getdownto,comedownwith，tracebackto,thanksto1．Sincemygrandfather____________thedisease,wehavetakenturnstocareforhim.2．[2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]Jenna____________makingsandwicheswithherfatherguidingherpatiently.3．____________hisyearsofsportstraining,hedevelopedthespiritofnevergivingup.4．Thismorning,severalclassmatesandI____________theideathatwewenttopickuprubbishinthePeople'sPark.5．We'dliketoemployasecretarywhoisfriendly,hard­working,and____________，abletodealwithsomethingunexpected.6．ItistruethatteahousesinHangzhou____________theSouthernSongDynasty.维度4课文语法填空WhenQianXuesenwasyoung,herealisedChinaneededairforce1.________(defend)thecountry,sohewenttoAmericatostudyaviation.Asagraduate2.________(assist)attheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,hehelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion.Finally,hebecameapioneerinjetandrockettechnology.3.________QianXuesenreturnedtoChinain1955,hewasput4.________chargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Underhisleadership,Chinamade5.________(outstand)progressinrockets,missilesandman­madesatellites.Becauseofthis,heearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina'saerospace”．StephenHawkingwasa6.________(gift)scientist.Sincehecame7.________withadiseasecausinghimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.Therewasatheoryontheoriginoftheuniverseexplainingtheuniverse8.________(begin)atasinglepointintimeandspace.Hisownworkonthebigbangtheorywasprovenbyastronomerswith9.________(telescope)andanewstarwasborn.Hewasbrilliant,braveanddetermined.Andhewaswillingtoadmithisfaults.This10.________(combine)ofhischaracteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofmoderntimes.eq\a\vs4\al(层级二)主题阅读训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2024·孝感市高二上期中]BornonJuly1st,1948,inthesmallItaliancityofPalmi,RobertoCreawasageniuskid.HemovedtotheNetherlandsandmajoredinBiologicalChemistry.Itwasthisuniversitythatdirectedhisinterestinthesynthesis(合成)ofnucleotides,thebasicunitsthatarerequiredtobuildDNA.Atthattime,notmanyresearchersstudiedthecombinationofgenes,butRoberto'sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible.In1977,hejoinedtheGenentech,Inc.andthegenesynthesisteamatCityofHopeMedicalSchool.ThecompanyfundedDr.Crea'songoingresearchongenesynthesis.Afterworkingdayandnight,thebrilliantindividualfinallyinventedanewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes.ThankstohisrichknowledgeandthejointeffortsoftheexcellentGenentechteam,hemadeuseofthis__discoverytoproducethehumaninsulin(胰岛素)genes,AandB.ItwashisinventionthatallowedGenentechtobelabeledasthefirstproducerofhumanprotein.Thisbenefitedhundredsofmillionsofpeoplesufferingfromdiabetes(糖尿病)allovertheworld.TodayRobertoisknownasthefatherofsyntheticinsulinandalmostwontheNobelPrize.Hiseffortsdidnotstopafterdiscoveringthesyntheticinsulin;infact,hewasmorethandrivenandtriedtomakemorecontributionstothefieldofbiotechnology.HisteamofexpertsdiscoveredZiconotideunderhisteachingsandguidance.Accordingtoleadingscientistsandresearchers,thisdrugismorepowerfulandeffectivethanmorphine(吗啡),andthebestpartofthisisthatithaszeroside­effects.Dr.RobertoCreahasalonglistofcreditablediscoveriesandresearchesthathehasachievedin65yearsofhislife.Heisaninspirationformanyindividualswhoaimtoaddvaluetohumanitywiththehelpofscience.1．WhatmaycontributetoRoberto'sinventionofthehumaninsulingenes?A．Hisgoodluckinhislife.B．Hiscuriosityabouthisstudy.C．Hiscreativeimagination.D．Hisknowledgeofchemistry.2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisdiscovery”inParagraph2referto?A．Aspecialwayofproducinghumanprotein.B．Areliablemethodforcuringpeopleofdiabetes.C．Anewprocedureforimprovinggenesynthesis.D．Asimpletechniqueofseparatinghumangenes.3．WhatdoweknowaboutRobertoinParagraph3?A．HewonaNobelPrize.B．Hestucktohisscientificresearch.C．Hediscoveredmorphinewithhisteam.D．Heretiredaftermakingthegreatdiscovery.4．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRoberto?A．Enthusiasticandgenerous.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Ambitiousandpatient.D．Committedandtalented.B[2024·鄂州市高二期中]YvonChouinard,whostartedtheclothingcompanyPatagonia,gaveallthestockinthecompanytoatrustandanon­profitinSeptember2024.MrChouinardandhisfamilyhaveturnedoverthe$3billioncompanytoanorganizationthatwillworktofightclimatechange.MrChouinardisarockclimberwhobeganclimbinginthe1960s.Backthen,hecreatedacompanythatmadeclimbingequipment.Thebusinessclosed,butMrChouinardwasleftwithalifelongloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheenvironment.MrChouinardbeganPatagoniainthe1970s.Patagoniasellsclothesaimedatoutdooractivities.Overtime,thecompanychangedthewayitdidbusinesstodoabetterjobofprotectingtheenvironment.Since1986,Patagoniahasgiven1%ofthemoneyitmakesfromsalestogroupsthatworktoprotecttheenvironment.MrChouinardisnow83yearsold.Hewasworriedaboutwhatmighthappenafterhedied.HeandhisfamilywantedtofindawayforPatagoniatodoevenmoretofightclimatechange.Hewasafraidthatifhesoldthecompany,thenewownersmightnotworksohardtoprotecttheenvironment.Sohecameupwithanewandunusualplan:hegavehiscompanyaway.Andhediditinawaythathelpedprotectboththecompanyandtheenvironment.MrChouinardgaveaway2%ofthecompanytoasmallgroupcalledthePatagoniaPurposeTrust.ThisgroupwillstillberunlargelybyMrChouinard'sfamily.Itwillmakeallthedecisionsaboutthewaythecompanyismanaged.Thegroup'sjobistomakesurethatthecompanyisstillruninthesameway.Theother98%ofthecompanyhasbeengiventoanon­profitgroupcalledtheHoldfastCollective.ThegoaloftheHoldfastCollectiveistofightclimatechangeandtoprotectwildland.TheprofitthatPatagoniamakes—about$100millioneveryyear—willgotothisorganization.5．WhatdowelearnaboutPatagonia?A．Ithasahistoryofmorethan60years.B．It'sanorganizationfightingclimatechange.C．Itpaysspecialattentiontotheenvironment.D．It'sacompanymakingclimbingequipment.6．WhatwasMrChouinard'sconcernaboutsellingPatagonia?A．Itwouldlosethedirection.B．Itwouldbecomenon­profit.C．Itwouldsufferaneconomicloss.D．Itwouldberuninadifferentway.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMrChouinard'sunusualplan?A．Killtwobirdswithonestone.B．What'sdonecan'tbeundone.C．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.8．WhatdoestheauthorintendtostressaboutMrChouinard?A．Hispursuitofsuccess.B．Hissocialresponsibility.C．Hisrichlifeexperiences.D．Hisgreatbusinesstalent.Ⅱ.七选五[2024·山东省滨州市高二上期中]Askingforhelpcanfeelscary.Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.__1__Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.Scientistsconductedaseriesofsixexperiments.Altogether,morethan2，100peoplewereinvolvedintheresearch.Inoneexperiment,participantshadtoaskstrangerstotaketheirphotoatapublicbotanicalgarden.Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.__2__Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers'willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.__3__However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.__4__Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper'shigh”，reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.“Wefeelgoodmakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople'slives，”saidXuanZhao,coauthorofthenewstudy.Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers'fearsfunctionedlike“barriers”，stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.Theynotedthatthetypeofrequestandculturaldifferencescouldaffectthewaypeoplereact.Thestudy'sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.__5__Zhaosaidthisresearchshouldprovidesomereassurancebecause“youmightbereallyunderestimatinghowwillingothersaretohelp.”A．Theaskersexpressedratherdifferentopinions.B．Thentheyaskedthehelpershowtheyactuallyfelt.C．Studiesshowthathelpingsomeoneoutmakesbothfeelgood.D．Pastresearchhasshownthatdoingkindactscanboostpeople'shealth.E．Butnewresearchshowsthatpeoplearemorewillingtohelpoutthanwethink.F．Expertssaythatifaskingforhelpfeelsuncomfortable,itcanbeusefultopractice.G．Forexample,askersexpectedstrangerstofeelinconveniencedbyarequesttotakeaphoto.Ⅲ.完形填空[2024·山东省潍坊市高二上期中]ItwasabrightMayafternoonalongthecoast.Bauerandhis13­year­olddaughter,Ava,weretaking__1__ofit.Theyweredrivingwiththewindowsdownastheyheadedhomeonanarrowbridge.Suddenly,thecalmwas__2__bythesqueal(摩擦声)oftires.Notfaraheadofthem,atruckwas__3__fromonelane(车道)totheother.Itcrashedintoaconcretebarrier,and__4__hangingovertherailing(栏杆)ofthebridge.Bauerstoppedthecar__5__toavoidit.Thetruckdriver'sdooropened.Amanclimbedoutand__6__totheground.Bauerranupbesidehim.Hepointeddown,sayingsomethinginSpanish.Inthewaterwasacarseat,agirl,abouttwoyearsold,__7__，floatingonherbackandscreaming.Mattersquicklywentfrombadtofrighteningwhenthegirl__8__ontoherstomach.Bauerwaitedforthedrivertodosomething,buthedidn't.Maybehewas__9__.Bauerjumpedintothewaterwithout__10__.Heswamtothegirlandliftedheroutofthewater.Standing,helaidheragainsthisshoulderandknockedonher__11__withhishand.Comeon..eon...Wakeup!__12__，hereyeswereopenednow,focusedonhim.Hepulledherclose,hugginghertoprotectherfromthe__13__.Minuteslater,thegirlwassentto__14__.Thegirlsufferedabrokenshoulderbutwasotherwiseuninjured.AvaBauerwas__15__byherfather'actionsthatfourmonthslatershebecameacadet(实习生)firefightersothatshe,too,couldsavelives.1．A.advantage B．holdC．possession D．charge2．A.deserted B．ignoredC．influenced D．ruined3．A.sliding B．followingC．parking D．approaching4．A.hid B．waitedC．rested D．appeared5．A.intime B．bychanceC．onpurpose D．invain6．A.dropped B．hurriedC．wandered D．returned7．A.embarrassed B．terrifiedC．excited D．relaxed8．A.rolledover B．stoodupC．calmeddown D．setoff9．A.discouraged B．puzzledC．shocked D．ashamed10．A.permission B．difficultyC．doubt D．hesitation11．A.back B．stomachC．head D．chest12．A.Slowly B．SurprisinglyC．Hopelessly D．Immediately13．A.loneliness B．hungerC．cold D．tiredness14．A.school B．hospitalC．home D．hotel15．A.relieved B．annoyedC．surprised D．inspired课时作业(三)层级一课时跟踪检测维度11．solid2.poured3.defended4.brilliant5.assistants6.outstanding7.vivid8.abstract维度21．steadily2.shifting3.with4.pouring;tracing5．Chosen6.findings7.asked8.with;tohelp维度31．camedownwith2.gotdownto3.Thanksto4．subscribedto5.aboveall6.tracebackto维度41．todefend2.assistant3.When4.in5.outstanding6．gifted7.down8.began9.telescopes10bination层级二主题阅读训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲解并描述了RobertoCrea博士在独创合成人胰岛素方面的突出贡献。1．答案与解析：D微小环节理解题。通过文章第一段“butRoberto'sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible.”可知，独创人类胰岛素的缘由是Roberto拥有相关化学学问。2．答案与解析：C短语揣测题。依据文章其次段画线词上文“Afterworkingdayandnight,thebrilliantindividualfinallyinventedanewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes”可推知，画线部分“这一发觉”是指上文提到的一种改进基因合成的新方法。3．答案与解析：B推理推断题。通过文章第三段“Hiseffortsdidnotstopafterdiscoveringthesyntheticinsulin;infact,hewasmorethandrivenandtriedtomakemorecontributionstothefieldofbiotechnology.”可推知，Roberto坚持他的科学探讨。4．答案与解析：D推理推断题。通过文章首句“BornonJuly1st,1948,inthesmallItaliancityofPalmi,RobertoCreawasageniuskid.”可知，RobertoCrea是有天赋的。再通读全文以及文章最终一段“Dr.RobertoCreahasalonglistofcreditablediscoveriesandresearchesthathehasachievedin65yearsofhislife.”可推知，RobertoCrea一心一意地投身在自己的探讨领域之中。B【语篇解读】本文是说明文。2024年9月，服装公司Patagonia的创始人YvonChouinard将公司的全部股票交给了一家信托基金机构和非营利组织。5．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据其次段“Thebusinessclosed,butMrChouinardwasleftwithalifelongloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheenvironment.”以及第三段“MrChouinardbeganPatagoniainthe1970s.Patagoniasellsclothesaimedatoutdooractivities.Overtime,thecompanychangedthewayitdidbusinesstodoabetterjobofprotectingtheenvironment.Since1986,Patagoniahasgiven1%ofthemoneyitmakesfromsalestogroupsthatworktoprotecttheenvironment.”可知，Patagonia公司创办于20世纪70年头，主要销售服装，它始终致力于环境疼惜。6．答案与解析：D微小环节理解题。依据第四段“Hewasafraidthatifhesoldthecompany,thenewownersmightnotworksohardtoprotecttheenvironment.”以及第六段“MrChouinardgaveaway2%ofthecompanytoasmallgroupcalledthePatagoniaPurposeTrust.ThisgroupwillstillberunlargelybyMrChouinard'sfamily.Itwillmakeallthedecisionsaboutthewaythecompanyismanaged.Thegroup'sjobistomakesurethatthecompanyisstillruninthesameway.”可知，关于出售Patagonia公司，YvonChouinard最担忧的是公司出售后将变更其“经济效益和环境疼惜两手抓”的运营方式。7．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“MrChouinardgaveaway2%ofthecompanytoasmallgroupcalledthePatagoniaPurposeTrust.ThisgroupwillstillberunlargelybyMrChouinard'sfamily.Itwillmakeallthedecisionsaboutthewaythecompanyismanaged.Thegroup'sjobistomakesurethatthecompanyisstillruninthesameway.”以及最终一段“Theother98%ofthecompanyhasbeengiventoanon­profitgroupcalledtheHoldfastCollective.ThegoaloftheHoldfastCollectiveistofightclimatechangeandtoprotectwildland.TheprofitthatPatagoniamakes—about$100millioneveryyear—willgotothisorganization.”可推知，YvonChouinard最终想出的这个解决方案既疼惜了公司又疼惜了环境。8．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据第一段“YvonChouinard,whostartedtheclothingcompanyPatagonia,gaveallthestockinthecompanytoatrustandanon­profitinSeptember2024.MrChouinardandhisfamilyhaveturnedoverthe$3billioncompanytoanorganizationthatwillworktofightclimatechange.”综合全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述了企业家YvonChouinard在发展公司的同时致力于环境疼惜。今年他将自己价值30亿美元的全部股份转赠给信托机构，每年Patagonia将通过信托机构向环保组织供应1亿美元资金。这充分体现了其社会责任感。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲解并描述了科学家们进行了一系列试验，参加者必需要求生疏人在公共植物园拍照。要么恳求帮助，要么赐予帮助。而探讨的结果表明，人们通常乐于伸出援手。1．答案与解析：E由前文“Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.”和后文“Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.”可知，横线处的句子要承上启下，由担忧会被拒绝到比预期效果要好可以推想横线处的句子表示转折，故选E。2．答案与解析：B由前文“Inanother，participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe‘askers’guesshowthe‘helpers’mightfeelabouttherequest.”可知，横线处的句子要与之承接，B选项的helpers与上文的helpers对应，符合语境。3．答案与解析：G由前文“Ineachexperiment，peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers'willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.”和后文“However，onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto，andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.”可知，横线处的句子承上启下，G选项的arequesttotakeaphoto与后文的refusedtotakethephoto相对应，符合语境。4．答案与解析：D由后文“Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa‘helper'shigh’，reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.”可知，横线处的句子要能够引