Unit1ScienceFiction单词讲解课件高中英语人教版选择性

Unit1SCIENCEFICTION

WORDSANDEXPRESSIONS词汇变形1.appointmentn.预约,委任→

adj.指定的→

vt.任命,委派

2.salesmann.售货员,推销员→

n.女售货员

3.guiltn.犯罪,内疚→

adj.内疚的,有罪的

4.dismissvt.解散,解雇→

n.解雇,开除

5.declarevt.表明,宣称,公布→

n.宣布,公告

6.calculatevt.计算,预测→

计算,估算

7.divisionn.分开,分隔→

adj.分裂的,有分歧的→

vt.分割,使分离appointsaleswomanguiltydismissalappointeddeclaration

calculation

divideddivide8.urgen.欲望,冲动vt.催促,力劝→

adj.紧急的,催促的→

n.紧急的事

9.maximumn.最大量adj.最大极限的→

n.最小值adj.最小极限的

10.explodevt./vi.爆炸,爆破→

n.爆炸,爆破→

adj.爆炸的

11.mudn.泥,泥浆→

adj.泥泞的

12.overstatementn.夸大,夸张→

vt.夸张,夸大

urgencyurgentminimumexplosionexplosivemuddyoverstate短语必背1.____________ 科幻小说(或影片等)

2._______

检验;测试

3._________

更像是;更接近

4.____________

事物的利与弊;支持与反对

5.__________

比……更好;更胜一筹

6.________

占上风;取而代之;接管;接手

7.___________

与……冲突或抵触

8.________

关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是

9.________ (逐渐)减少;消失

10.______________

有强烈的欲望做某事

sciencefictiontestoutmorelikeprosandconssuperiortotakeoverconflictwithturnoutfallawayhaveanurgeto1.fictionn.小说---fictionaladj.虚构的，小说中的

fictionalcharacter虚构的人物sciencefiction(sci-fi)abbr.SF2.testout检验，测试3.bonusn.意外收获，奖金，红利4.morelike更像是，更接近

lesslike不像；somethinglike有点像

nothinglike丝毫不像；绝对不Thereisnothinglike...没有比...好的Ifwehearsomethinglikealoudtraincoming,wehavetogointhebasement.如果我们听到像轰隆的火车接近声时，我们必须进入地下室。5.ridiculousadj.愚蠢的，荒谬的，荒唐的6.integrityn.诚实正直，完整，完好7.dignityn.庄重，庄严，尊严

withdignity有尊严地，大度地Heconductedhimselfwithgraceanddignitythroughoutthetrial.

在整个审讯过程中他表现得优雅而有尊严。

8.salaryn.薪水，薪金9.absurdadj.荒谬的，荒唐的10.appointmentn.预约，约会，委任

appointv.任命，委派

appointedadj.约定的1.I’dliketomakeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon.

我想预约到下星期三下午。2.Thedoctoronlyseespatientsbyappointment.

那位医生只看预约的病人。appointment

n.预约；约会；委任(1)

make/haveanappointmentwithsb.和某人有约

keepanappointment赴约

byappointment按照预约(2)

appoint

v.任命；委派；安排；约定

appointed

adj.指定的；约好的

appointsb.(as/tobe)任命某人(为……)

appointsb.todosth.指派某人去做某事单句语法填空/完成句子①

Callthesecretaryandmakean

(appoint)withthemanager.②

Ifyouareinvitedtodinner,youaresupposedtoarrivenolaterthanthe

(appoint)time.③

Anewengineerwasappointed

(deal)withtheproductsreturnedbycustomers.④

WordcamethatthecommitteeappointedMrsBrown

chairwomanoftheorganization.⑤

IamsorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyoubecauseI

thisSaturday.

我很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了，因为我这周六和牙医有约。appointmentappointedtodealasIhaveanappointmentwithmydentist11.nailn.指甲；钉子

v.钉牢，固定🧷12.saleswomann.女销售员

salesmann.销售员13.guiltyadj.内疚的，有罪的，有过失的

guiltn.内疚；罪责14.suspendv.悬挂，暂停⏸️，暂缓

suspensionn.暂令停职；暂缓；推迟；延期15.laddern.梯子，阶梯1.Theguywasdeclaredtobeguiltyoftheft.

这家伙被宣告犯有盗窃罪。2.Thesalesmanfeltguiltyabouthavingspreadrumoursindeliberately.

这个销售员因为无心地传播了谣言而感到内疚。guilty

adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(1)

beguiltyof犯有……罪

be/feelguiltyat/about对/为……感到内疚/有愧(2)

guilt

n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行单句语法填空/完成句子①

Johnhada

(guilt)lookonhisface,leavingallthetaskstome.②

Istillfeelguilty

thethingsIsaidtomyfatherwhenIwasateenager.③

Henrywasguilty

abusinghispowerasagovernmentofficial.④

Inthiscountry,youareinnocentuntil

．

在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前，就是清白的。guiltyaboutofprovedguilty16.dismissv.解散，解雇，消除

dismissaln.开除，解雇17.declarev.表明，

宣称，公布

declarationn.宣布18.whereasconj.然而，但是，尽管19.rumourn.谣言，传闻20.presumev.假设，假定

presumern.假定者；推测者presumptionn.推测；假定；设想1.ThePrimeMinisterhasthepowertodismissandappointseniorministers.

首相有权任免高级部长。2.Theshopkeepergavethebeggaronecoinanddismissedhim.

店主给了乞丐一个硬币并打发他离开。dismiss

vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除dismiss/firesb.forsth.因……而解雇/开除某人dismisssb.(fromsth.)解雇/开除某人单句语法填空/完成句子①

Thesuggestionshouldnot

(dismiss)outofhand.②

Theservantwasdismissed

beinglazyanddishonest.③

OnThursday,thecompanyannouncedtheirplanto

．

该公司周四宣布计划解雇180名员工。bedismissedfordismiss180employees1.Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergency.

政府已宣布进入紧急状态。2.Shedeclaredthatthewholeprojectwasawasteoftimeandmoney.

她声称整个项目既浪费时间又浪费钱。declare

vt.宣布；宣称；声明；表明declaresb./sth.tobe宣布某人/某事是……declarefor/against赞成/反对……declarewar(on/against．..)(向……)宣战declaresth.open/closed宣布……开始/结束declarethat宣布……单句语法填空/完成句子①

ThemomentBeijingWinterOlympics

(declare)openonFebruary4,2022,thewholecountrycheered.②

Wemustdeclarewar

anyformofinvasion,regardlessofwhatahighpricewewillpayforthecruelbattlestocome.③

August8wasdeclared

(be)NationalFitnessDay,whenvariouseventswereheldtoencouragepeopletotakemorephysicalexercise.④

Thesciencefiction

oftheyear.

这部科幻小说被宣布为年度最佳小说。wasdeclaredon/againsttobewasdeclaredtobethebestnovel21.faren.车费，船费，飞机票价✈️22.weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊23.ona...basis根据，以...的方式

Wearegoingtobemeetingthereonaregularbasis.

我们将定期在那里会面。

basen.基础；基底，底座basicadj.基本的，基础的

basicallyadv.基本上；大体上24.calculatev.计算，核算，预测

🧮

calculationn.计算；核算calculatorn.计算器25.chairwomann.女主席，女董事长，女委员长1.Thepublishersplannedtoproducethejournalonaweeklybasis.

出版者计划将该期刊定为周刊。2.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisofherqualifications.

她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。ona...basis根据；以……的方式（基准）onaregularbasis例行地；有规律地；定期地onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周onthebasisof以……为基础/根据单句语法填空/完成句子①

We’regoingtobemeetingthere

．

我们将定期在那里会面。②

Benefitiscalculated

averageweeklyearnings.

补助金按平均周收入计算。onaregularbasisonthebasisof1.You’llneedtocalculatehowmuchtimetheassignmentwilltake.

你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。2.WecalculatethattheaveragesizefarminLancasterCountyis65acres.

我们计算出兰开斯特郡的农场面积平均为65英亩。3.Itisimpossibletocalculatewhatinfluencethemanhadonherlife.

现在无法估计这个男人对她的生活产生了多大影响。4.Thecalculatorisamachinethatcanhelpusdoalotofcalculations.

计算器是能帮助我们做很多计算的机器。calculate

vt.计算；核算；预测(1)

calculateon指望；期待

becalculatedtodosth.旨在做某事

Itiscalculatedthat...据计算……(2)

calculator

n.计算器

calculation

n.计算；估算单句语法填空/完成句子①

Laboratoryworkneedsnotonlyaccuratemeasurementsbutalsocorrect

(calculate).②

Iadoptedacooldignifiedattitudethatwascalculated

(discourage)familiarity.③

Helencalculates

thespecialisttogivehersomeadviceonhowtolearnmathwell.④

therewas47.9%ofwatershortageareainplainarea,mostofwhichwasseriousandmediumwatershortagearea.

据计算，目前平原区缺水面积占47.9%，其中主要以重度和中度缺水为主。calculationstodiscourageonItwascalculatedthat26.gramme(gram)n.克（重量单位）27.flourn.面粉28.venuen.活动场地（音乐厅、会场等）29.salesmann.售货员；推销员30.alienn.外星人👽；外国人adj.陌生的，外星的，外国的31.prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对🙅32.blurredadj.模糊不清的，难以区分的

blurn.污迹；模糊不清的事物v.使难以区分33.superioradj.更好的，占优势的superiorto比...更好，更胜一筹

superiorin在...方面优越

superiorquality优质，上等品superiorcourt高等法院；上级法院34.takeover占上风；取而代之，接管，接手35.inactionn.无行动，不采取措施1.Thishandbagismadeofsuperiorleather.

这只手提包由上等皮革制成。2.Nobodywantsyoutobesuperiortothem.

没有人愿意你超过他们。3.Heisseniortome.

他比我年长。superior

adj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的besuperiorto比……更好，更胜一筹bejuniortosb.比某人年龄小/职位低beseniortosb.比某人年长/职位高beinferiortosb./sth.比……差/级别低单句语法填空/完成句子①Thismodelistechnicallysuperior

itscompetitors.②Asisshowninthereport,onlyonesalesmanisjunior

meinthecompany.③TheChairmanalwaystreatsotherswithdignity,eventopeoplemuchinferior

himinsociety.④Helenwaschosenforthejobbecauseshe

anyothercandidates.

海伦被选中做这项工作是因为她比其他任何候选人都优秀。tototowassuperiorto1.ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersontotakeoverthejob.

她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。2.Therearenotenoughtrainedyoungermenandwomenreadytotakeoverfromolderexperts.

现在人才青黄不接。takeover

接替；接任；接管；接手takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeup占据；开始从事完成句子①

Itwasdeclaredthathewould

thecompanyafterhisfatherretired.

据宣布他将会在他父亲退休后接管这家公司。②

Hiscareer

afterhisexcellentperformanceinthefilm.

在这部电影里有了出色表现之后，他的事业大获成功。③

Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI’ll

theburden.

前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。④

Iwas

bythesalesman

—

thecarturnedouttobeuneconomicalandunreliable.

推销员欺骗了我——那辆汽车结果既不经济又不耐用。⑤

Lookingafterherbaby

muchofhertime,butshestillmadeuseofhersparetimetolearnFrench.

照顾孩子占用了她大量时间，但是她仍然利用空闲时间来学习法语。takeovertookofftakeontakenintookup36.conflictwith与...冲突或抵触

conflictofinterest利益冲突37.labourn.劳动(者)，体力劳动

labourforce劳动力v.奋斗；努力工作

labourtodo...艰难地去做...38.leathern.皮革pl.皮衣，皮外套39.levern.操纵杆🕹️，杠杆40.paneln.控制板，仪表盘，专家咨询组1.Theseresultsconflictwithearlierfindings.

这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。2.Personalethicsandprofessionalethicssometimesconflict.

个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。conflictwith

与……冲突或抵触conflict

n.冲突；争执；争论

v.(想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾aconflictbetweentwocultures两种文化的冲突inconflict(withsb.)和某人有冲突或抵触comeintoconflict发生冲突单句语法填空/完成句子①

Ifso,yourpointsofviewareboundtoconflict

his.②

Shefoundherself

conflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.③

Theycame

conflictwiththelocalvillagersbecauseofaheatedquarrel.④

Thechangesaresureto

theoldtraditions,sowemustgiveitasecondthought.

变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。withinintoconflictwith41.inchn.英寸42.backwards/backwardadv.向后；倒着；往回

backwardsandforwards来回地Shewasrockingbackwardsandforwardsinherseat.

她在座位上前摇后晃。backwardadj.向后的；落后的backwardarea落后地区43.gripv.紧握，抓紧44.hazyadj.模糊的，朦胧的，困惑的45.niecen.侄女，外甥女46.fetchv.去拿，去请来47.handkerchiefn.手帕，纸巾48.lampn.灯，台灯49.turnout在场，使朝外，结果是50.pacen.速度；步伐；节奏v.确定速度，调整节奏1.Sometimesthingsdon’tturnoutthewaywethinkthey’regoingto.

有时事情并不像我们认为的那样发展。2.Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.

出乎意料的是，那天天气特别好。turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

Itturnsoutthat．..结果……turnup调高(音量等)；出现turndown调低(音量等)；拒绝turnin上交；交还，退还turnon打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turnoff关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向完成句子①

It

thatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood.

事实证明，只是看一看绿色的、生长中的东西就能减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。②

Themeetinghasalreadybegun,butthechairmanhasn’t

yet.

会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。③

Idon’tunderstandwhyJohn

Mary’skindoffer.

我不明白约翰为什么拒绝玛丽善意的帮助。④

Ioften

myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadesteadyprogressinmystudies.

我经常向同学或老师求助。结果，我在学习上不断取得进步。turnsoutturnedupturneddownturnto1.Insteadofmovingathisusualstatelypace,hewasalmostrunning.

他没像平时那样优雅从容地走着，而是几乎跑了起来。2.Withfourlapstogo,hekeptpacewiththeleaders.

还剩4圈的时候，他与那些领先者并驾齐驱。3.Tedpacedthefloorrestlessly.

特德焦躁地在屋里走来走去。pace

n.速度；步伐；节奏

vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏(1)

keeppacewith(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱

setthepace确定速度；确立标准；领先(2)

paceupanddown来回踱步完成句子①

Ourunderstandingoftenfailsto

themarchofevents.

我们的认识常常赶不上形势的发展。②

Thecompanyisnolonger

inthehomecomputermarket.

这家公司再也不能在国内计算机市场上独领风骚了。③

Theteacher

outsidetheroom.

老师在屋子外面来回走着。keeppacewithsettingthepacepacedupanddown51.fallaway(逐渐)减少，消失52.divisionn.分开，分隔，差异，除法

dividev.分开；分隔dividedadj.有分裂的，有分歧的53.puffn.一缕烟；少量；喘息54.urgen.强烈的欲望；冲动v.催促，力劝

urgesbtodosth催促sb做sth

haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做sth

urgentadj.紧急的，迫切的---urgentlyadv.紧急地urgencyn.紧急；催促55.randomadj.随机的，不可思议的

randomsample/selection随机抽样；随意采样

randomlyadv.无目的地；胡乱地

randomnessn.随意；不可测性

1.Hissupportersfellawayashispopularitydeclined.

随着他的名望下降，他的支持者渐渐离他而去。2.Allourdoubtsfellaway.

我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。fallaway（逐渐）减少；消失fallover倒下，摔倒；被……绊倒falldown跌倒falloff从……摔下(其后直接跟宾语)fallbehind落后；跟不上fallinlovewith爱上(某人/某地)完成句子①

Thesalesofcolddrinksusually

inwinter.

冷饮的销售额在冬季通常是减少的。②

Manyforeigntourists

Chinathefirsttimetheypayavisittothisgreatcountry.

很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。③

Thebabywhoisonlytenmonthsoldcan’tstandsteadilyandfromtimetotime.

这个只有十个月大的婴儿不能平稳地站立，不时地摔倒。④

Ifyoudon’tcometoclassregularly,youwill

inyourstudies.

如果你经常不来上课，学习成绩就会落在别人后面。⑤

Butinwinter,whenleaves

trees,theyalsoflyaway.

但是到了冬天，当树叶落下的时候，它们也飞走了。fallawayfallinlovewithfallsdown/overfallbehindfalloff1.ThevacationiscomingandIhaveanurgetotravel.

假期就要到了，我很想去旅游。2.Theyurgedparliamenttoapproveplansfortheirreformprogramme.

他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。

urge

n.

强烈的欲望；冲动

vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(1)

have/feelanurgetodosth.有强烈的欲望做某事(2)

urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进

urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事

urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事

Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事(3)

urgent

adj.紧急的；迫切的单句语法填空/完成句子①

Ineverhad/feltanurge

(learn)anysignlanguagebefore.②

Thelocalgovernmenturgedthefactory

(take)stepstostopthepollution.③

isstronglyurgedthatallthefactoriesshouldstopdischargingsewageintotheriver.④

Thepeopleintheearthquake-strickenareaarein

(urge)needoffood,medicineandshelters.⑤

Ourteacher

withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear.

随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。tolearntotakeIturgenturgesustostudyhard56.maximumadj.最大极限的---minimumadj.最小极限的n.最大量；最大限度

n.最小量；最小限度57.explodev.爆炸💥

explosionn.爆炸

explosiveadj.易爆炸的58.joltn.震动，摇晃，颠簸v.使震动，摇晃59.flipv.快速翻转，轻抛60.stunv.使震惊🤯，使昏迷61.mudn.泥，泥浆

mud