初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

小口诀：

宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；

主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

一.基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语

概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。

Eg:Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.

—kHesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)

MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)

1.引导词

(1)that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。

—kEg:Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.

Theyallknow(that)Jimisgoodatskating.

(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。

Eg:“Areyouinterestedingeography?vshesaid.

—►SheaskedifVwhetherIwasinterestedingeography.

Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.

rmnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.

注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外

a.介词短语后只用whether不用if

eg:Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe*llgoonthepanic.

b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.

eg:Ican'tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime

c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果'，不能用whether.

Eg:Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.

Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.

(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。

特殊疑问词为：how,when,where,why,whichwhose.

What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。

—kE.g.'Whatdoyouwant?'Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.

Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon'tknowhowtodealwithit.

Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.

对比下列句子，看what做什么成分：

—<

、Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.(what做主语)

Hedoesn'tknowwhattodonow(做宾语)

Heaskedmewhohewas.(who做表语)

2.宾语从句时态

a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制

eg:DoyouknowifYwhetherhehasseenthefilm?

rmsorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.

ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.

Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态

Shedidn，tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.（过去一般）

Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去完成）

IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（过去将来）

注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理,

格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：

Eg:Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthan

sound.）

Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）

3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他

*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?（Couldyoupleasetellme）

—►CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?

*Hassheseenthemovie?（Heasked.）

—►Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.

*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?

二、宾语从句的转化

L当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decideforget,plan,agree等，且主从句主

语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：

Eg:Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.

fSheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.

2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面有特殊疑问

词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。例如：

Eg:Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.

fsheforgettotakeit

3.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾

语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V・ing形式。如：

Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.

fShefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.

三.否定转移

e.g.Idontthinkheiscool.我认为他并不酷

常用词：believe,suppose,think等

四.注意问题和易错点

1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响

（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）

2.Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether是否，if是否/如果）

3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢

Eg:Idon'tknowwhosheislookingat.（容易丢了at）

4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，

谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有

who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why,what不能用语定从,只用于宾从）

5.混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句

Jimdidn'tknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.

宾语从句专项习题

巩固练习

l.HaveyoudecidedforAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleav

C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave

2.Canyoutellme?

A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlived

C.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives

3.Theoldmanaskedme.

A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema

C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema

4.1thinkyouwilllikehim.

A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how

5.1didn'tknowhewillcomeornot.

A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how

6.1wonder.

A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost

C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost

7.Sheaskedme

A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis

8.Askhim___.

A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthis

C.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup

9.1don'tknow.

A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie

C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts

lO.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong

A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill

11.Theweatherforecastdoesn'tsay.

A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow

C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow

12.Doyouknow?

A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis

C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto

13.Couldyoutellmewhere?

A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape

14.Theywanttoknow?

A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou

C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying

15.Tonywantedtoknow.

A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking

B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

16.Nooneknows_theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalk

ornot.

A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if

17.Julydidn'tknow.

A.whereisTim'sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade

C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch

18.Noonetoldus,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddo

C.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo

19.Wedon'tknowwiththerubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.

A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo

2O.Heaskedme.

A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout

D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney

能力提高练习

1.1don'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,1*11tellyou.

A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.1don'tknowthedayaftertomorrow.

A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome

C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome

3.Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis?

A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?

A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend

C.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.1wanttoknow.

A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking

C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter

6.Doyouknowwherenow?

A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive

7.Doyouknowwhattime?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave

C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.1don'tknow.Canyoutellme,please?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow.

A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.1can*tunderstand.

A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean

C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans

11.1don'tknowhewillbebackhome.

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where

12.Couldyoutellme?

A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

13.Doyoustillremember?

A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay

14.1can'tunderstandtheboyalone.

A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleave

C.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft

15.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.

A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen

16.Theytriedtofindoutthenewtrain.

A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgone

C.howfar/wentD.howfar/hadrun

17.Themanagercameuptosee.

A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematterisD.what,sthematter

18.Canyoutellme?

A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whatto

doit

19.Heaskedhisfather.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidit

happen

20.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit

直击中考

1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell

A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway

C.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate

2.一WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?

——Sorry.Idon'tknow..

A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad

C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad

3.■一MayIcomein?TmsorryIamlate.

——Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme.?

A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthen

C.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool

4.--Couldyoupleasetellme.?

——BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.

A.where