名词专项复习中考英语

名词

一、考查重点可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的作用3.名词的所有格4.名词词义辨析

.1名词{

专有名词（如：Tom，China，theUnitedStates,January,Monday)

可数{普通名词{物质名词(如water,ice,wood)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察)不可数{.2

考点一名词的数.3名词单数的表达

一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook

*anEnglishbook

*anhour

.4flowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxesNOUN..5可数名词的复数形式

1.规则变化(1)一般在词尾加“s”/s/or/z/*

dog–

dogs

*

book

–

books*

cap

–

caps*

tree

–

trees(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box

–

boxes*watch

–

watches*bus–

buses*brush

–

brushes

注：stomach/k/–stomachs

.6(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/

*country–

countries*baby–

babies

*factory–

factories*party–

parties

请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”

*boy–

boys

holiday-holidays

*

day-holidaysmonkey

–

monkeys.7(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe

为v再加“es”/vz/

*half

–

halves*shelf

–

shelves

*knife

–

knives*leaf

–

leaves

特殊:roof---roofsbelief---beliefsproof---proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves.8巧学妙记找规律tomatoespotatoesNegroesNOUN.黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。heroes.9(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外

*

piano

–

pianos*zoo

–

zoos

*

radio-radios*bamboo–bamboos

.10woman--womenman--menNOUN.2.不规则变化(1)变-a为-e

(2)变元音字母oo为eepoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen.11

(3)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheepsheep特殊：children请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面).12(4).常以复数形式出现的名词

peopleclothesshoes

trouserssocksglasses

这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数

*Myclothes

are

newerthanyours..131.Several_____aretalking

underthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.

A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethree

inmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA.144.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC.15★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.常见的不可数名词water

rice

fish

meatworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine.162不可数名词的数（1)alotof/lotsof,some,much,alittle,plentyof,abitof,alargeamountof+不可数名词

(2)数词+容器+of+不可数名词a

glass

of

water—twoglassesofwater.17

单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数

*Somebread

is

overthere.

*Nonews

is

goodnews.

.18不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修饰

*Theyhad

much

money.*Hedoes

little

houseworkathome.*arice

(X)

twobread

(X).19

可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变

*abagof

apples*apieceof

paper*threeglassesof

orange巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一碗饭（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）一双鞋（6）许多瓶牛奶.20

4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同

glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)

time(时间)–times(次数).211.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.oneB.apieces C.apiece D.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few

DDCA.22主谓一致当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclassare

waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.is

are2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.

is.23

专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：

SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay

中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay

西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:

CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOS

NBAIQEQPERMBVIP

.24名词的作用用法例句作主语English

isuseful.作定语(一般用单数形式）papertigers纸老虎girlstudents女生作及物动词或介词的宾语ShelearnsChinesehardeveryday.作表语Tomismybestfriend.作宾语补足语Theyconsidertheboymonitor.作同位语Theteacherlookedafterusstudentswell.作称呼语Ladiesandgentlemen,mayIhaveyourattentionplease?.25名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法

1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”

Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可

Teachers’officeTheGreens’house.26

3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”

*Children’sDay*men’sshoes

4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语

*thecolorofthewall*apictureofthe

classroom.275.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;

珍妮和海伦的房间

JennyandHelen’sroom6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s

珍妮的房间和海伦的房间Jenny’sandHelen’srooms.287.

有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加–’s构成所有格2小时路程北京最好的公园今日的报纸twohours’walk=two-hourwalkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaper

atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup8.

表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance.291广东的省会2教室的门3我父亲的一个朋友4他的两个兄弟5爱迪生的一些发明6他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather’stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother名词的所有格Practice.301.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重难点突破.313.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’sD.324.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.tenminutes’walktenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalkA.33★名词的用法

1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethree

banana

treesoverthere.

2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致

*Weneed

amanteacher.*Theyareall

womenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*a

sports

star

*a

clothes

shop.34重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD.351.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重难点突破C.362WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’重难点突破D.37★名词所有格的几个注意点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略

*myaunt’s

(home）(我姑姑家）

*

gototheteachers’

(office）

(去老师办公室）

特别记忆下列用to表示的所有格：thekey

to

the

lock/doorthe

key/answer

to

the

question.381.Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry. A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy___.Ican’tseeanythingaroundme.A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany______init.A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.waterCCA.394.---Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?---It’sabouttwo______drive.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite______A.worker B.teacher C.dancer D.playerCD.406.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB.menC.womanD.women7.Tenhours____(be)noteoughforustodoit.Dis.41考点四常考名词词义辨析1workjob工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动不可数名词工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。Ilikegardenstoo,butIdon’tlikehardwork.她正在找工作。Sheislookingforajob..42考点四常考名词词义辨析2cook