2022-2023学年上海市高二年级上学期期末英语复习模拟卷01

2022-2023学年上海市高二年级上学期期末英语复习模拟卷01学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________评卷人得分一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MeettheIslandsLocated86kmnorth-eastofBougainvilleintheSouthPacific,theCarteretIslandsofPapuaNewGuineaarecomposedoflow-lyingislands____1____(distribute)inahorseshoeshape,withatotallandareaof0.6squarekilometersandamaximumelevationof1.5metersabovesealevel.TheCarteretIslandsarebelieved____2____(inhabit)formorethanonethousandyears.Fewplacesareascalm,peacefulandbeautifulastheseasidehereonacalmday.Peoplearevery____3____(welcome),gentle,andcalm.There’snophonenetwork,shops,computers,roads,cars,ormotorbikes.Foodiscookedonopenfires.Peopleherelivesustainably.Theydon’toverfishorpollute,makingnocontributiontothewarmingofourplanet.However,theyarefeelingtheconsequencesoftheclimatechange.Now,astheland____4____(swallow)bytherisingsea,theislandersarefacedwithanuncertainfuture.Stormsandhightideswashawayhomes,destroyvegetablegardensandpollutefreshwatersupplies.Thetreesontheislandarealsobeingimpactedbythesaltwater.Thebeachexists____5____fertilesoiloncedid.____6____thecoralandseagrassesdie,sodothebreedingareasforfish.Manyseawallshavebeenbuilt____7____withlittlesuccess.Theislandshavegraduallybecomeuninhabitable.TheCarteretislandersarelabelledastheworld’sfirstofficialclimate-changerefugees,astheyareforcedtoabandontheirhomelands____8____foodshortages,risingsealevels,sinkingshorelines,andthedangersofstormsandtides.Infrontof____9____isthechoicewhethertostayandwatchtheislandsshrinkandslowlydisappearortrytorebuildtheircommunitysomewhereelse.Yet,therelocationisnotamoveembracedbymost,andsomeareunhappylivingawayfromtheirhome,andhavereturnedafterstrugglingtoadapt.Ontheotherhand,relocationwillbeagreatchallengetothepreservationoftheidentityandcultureoftheCarteretislanders.TheCarteretIslanders’storyillustrateshowsmallislandstatesandcoastalcommunitiesfallvictim____10____risingsealevelscausedbyclimatechange.TheCarteretIslanders,withacarbonfootprintamongthelowestintheworld,willbeamongthefirsttohavetoleavetheirhomesbecauseofrisingseascausedbyemissionsfromothernations.评卷人得分二、词汇填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．developed

B．applied

C．compared

D．principle

E.flexible

F.detailG.demonstration

H.encouraging

I.wirelessly

J.overly

K.potentialHavingamicrochipimplantedinaman’sbrainmaybecommoninsci-fimovieplots,butitmaysoonbecomeanactualpossibility.ElonMusk-aU.S.techmogul(大亨),founderofSpaceXandco-founderofelectriccarmakerTesla-hasbeenworkingonthistechnology.OnAugust28,Muskgavealive-stream___11___ofthechip,whichwasimplantedintotheheadofapignamedGertrude.Thechip,___12___byMusk’scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin,butdon’tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes(电极)attachedto___13___threadswhichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons(神经元).Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignals___14___tonearbycomputers,accordingtoMSN.Inthelive-stream,Gertrudecouldbeseenwalkingaroundherpensniffingthegroundwhileamonitorshowedherbrainactivity.Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystage,itis___15___forhumans.Thistechnology“wouldsolvealotofbrain/spineinjuriesandisultimatelyessentialforAIsymbiosis(共生),”whichallowsthehumanbraintomerge(融合)withanartificialintelligence,Musksaidinpreviousinterviews.Whenthedevicecanbe___16___tohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohavemobilityissues,suchasthosesufferingfromparalysis.Muskhopesthistechnologycouldalsobeusedtohelpthosewithhearingandeyesightissuesandonedayleadtoacureforepilepsy(癫痫).Althoughsuchadevicecould,in___17___,repairthoseproblems,puttingitintopracticeisbynomeansapieceofcake.Currently,thedevicecantransmitsignalsfromabout500neuronsinthepig’sbrain.Thenumberistinywhen___18___to80billionneuronsinahumanbrain.Andtocoverthewholehumanbrainalsomeanstheelectrodeshavetobemuchsmaller.Alsoimplantingthechipintothebrainposesa(n)___19___danger.Thereisariskoftheimmunesystemattackingthisforeignbody.Rightnow,thehopeofcontrollingthebrainviacontrollingafewneuronsseems____20____optimistic.“TherearemanytechnologicalchallengestoovercomebeforeNeuralinkcanuseitsdevicestoachievethecorrectivepurposesitforeseesforthem,”saidYuanLangfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina.评卷人得分三、完形填空Celebrityhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantrepresentativesofpopularculture.Fansusedtobecrazyaboutaspecificfilm,butnowthepublic____21____tobaseitsconsumptionontheinterestofcelebrityattachedtoanygivenproduct.Besides,fashionmagazineshavealmost____22____thepracticeofputtingmodelsonthecoverbecausetheydon’tsellnearlyaswellasfamous____23____.Asaresult,celebritieshaverealizedtheirunbelievablypowerfulmarketpotential,movingfromadvertisingforothers’productsto____24____theirown.Celebrityclothinglinesaren’ta____25____newphenomenon,butinthepasttheyweretypicallyaimedattheordinaryconsumers,and____26____afewTVactresses.Todaythey’restartedbyfirst-classstarswhoseproductsenjoyequalfamewithsomeworldtop____27____.Themostsuccessfulstart-upshavebeenthosebycelebritieswith____28____personalstyle.Ascelebritiesbecomemoreandmoreexperiencedatthemarket,theyexpandtheirproductionscalerapidly,____29____almostalltheproductsofdailylife.However,foreverysuccessstory,there’sarelated____30____taleofacelebritywhoovervaluedhisconsumerappeal.Nomatterhowfamoustheproduct’s____31____is,ifitfailstoimpressconsumerswithitsownqualities,itbeginstoresembleanexerciseinself-promotionalmarketing.Andoncethe____32____attentiondiesdown,consumerinterestmightfade,loyaltyreturningtotried-and-truelabels.Today,celebritiesfaceevenmoresevereembarrassment.Thepop-culturalcirclemightbebiggerthanever,butitsrateofturnoverhasspeededupaswell.Eachmisstepthreatensto____33____acelebrity’sshelflife,andthesamenewspaperormagazinethatoncebroughthimfamehasnoproblempickinghimtopieceswhentheopportunityappears.____34____,theego’s(自我的)potentialforexpansionislimitless.Havingalreadyachievedgreatwealthandpublicrecognition,manycelebritiesseefashionasthenextfrontiertobeconquered.Asthesayinggoes,successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.Theirsuccessas____35____mightlastalifetime,butfashion-likecelebrity-hasalwaysbeenshort-lived.21．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means22．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed23．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories24．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing25．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally26．A．takenby B．setfor C．limitedto D．listedon27．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions28．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial29．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering30．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing31．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention32．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere33．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce34．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed35．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers评卷人得分四、阅读理解AThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMarjorieHurd.WhenIsteppedoffashipinNewYorkHarborin1949,Iwasanine-year-oldwarrefugee,whohadlosthismotherandwascomingtolivewiththefatherhedidnotknow.Mymother,EleniGatzoyiannis,hadbeenimprisonedandshotforsendingmysistersandmetofreedom.IwasthirteenyearsoldwhenIenteredChandlerJuniorHigh.ShortlyafterIarrived,Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring“clubhours.”Theideaofhobbiesandclubsmadenosensetomyimmigrantears,butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass.SheledmeintothepresenceofMissHurd,theschoolnewspaperadviserandEnglishteacher.Atoughwomanwithsalt-and-pepperhairanddeterminedeyes,MissHurdhadnopatiencewithlazybones.Shedrilledusingrammar,assignedstoriesforustoreadanddiscuss,andeventuallytaughtushowtoputoutanewspaper.HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywar-tornhomeland,makingmeproudofmyorigins.HereffortsinspiredmetounderstandthelogicandstructureoftheEnglishlanguage.Owingtoherinspiration,duringmynexttwenty-fiveyears,Ibecameajournalistbyprofession.MissHurdretiredattheageof62.Bythen,shehadtaughtforatotalof41years.Evenafterherretirement,shecontinuallymadeaprojectofunwillingstudentsinwhomshespiedasparkofpotential.Thestudentsweremainlyfromthemosttroubledhomes,yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftoughlove,untilthesparkcaughtfire.MissHurdwastheonewhodirectedmygriefandpainintowriting.ButforMissHurd,Iwouldn’thavebecomeareporter.Shewasthecatalystthatsentmeintojournalismandindirectlycausedallthegoodthingsthatcameafter.36．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraphTwomostprobablymean?A．Hobbiesandclubsdidnotinteresttheauthor.B．Theauthorturnedadeafeartojoiningclubs.C．Hobbiesandclubswereinaccessibletoimmigrantsliketheauthor.D．Theauthorhadnoideawhathobbiesandclubswereallabout.37．Whichofthefollowingcausedtheauthortothinkofhishomelanddifferently?A．SteppingontheAmericansoilforthefirsttime.B．Hermother’smiserabledeath.C．BeingexposedtoGreekliteraryworks.D．Followingtheprettiestgirlinhisclass.38．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphFourthat_______.A．MissHurd’scontributionwasrecognizedacrossthenationB．StudentsfromtroubledhomespreferredMissHurd’steachingstyleC．ThestudentsMissHurdtaughtwereallfinallyfiredD．MissHurdemployedauniquewaytohandlethesestudents39．Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith_______.A．howtheauthorbecameajournalist B．theimportanceofinspirationinone’slifeC．theteacherwhoshapedtheauthor’slife D．factorscontributingtoasuccessfulcareerB1.Bloodisblueinsideyourbody.Humanbloodisthesamecolorinsideyourbodyasitisoutside:red.Ourveinslookbluebecausethetissuecoveringthemchangesthewaylightisabsorbedandscattered,whichaffectsourperceptionoftheircolor.2.PaulRevereshouted“TheBritisharecoming!”YoucanthankHenryWeds-worthLongfellowandhispoem“PaulRevere’sRide”forspreadingthattale.Nooneknowswhat,ifanything.RevereshoutedthroughthestreetsofLexington,Massachusetts,thoughwedonknowhetoldoneguardthat“theregularsarecomingout.”3.ThehottestpartofachillpepperistheseedsCapsaicia,achemicalcompoundthatbindstothepainreceptorsonournervestoproducethatveryheat,ismostconcennratedintheinnerwhiteribofthechilipepper.Theseedsdon’tactuallycontainanycapsaicin,buttheymaybecoatedinitbecausetheytouchtherib.4.JesusChristwasbornonDecember25.TheGospelsofMatthewandLukenevermentionthedateofJesus’sbirth.SowhydowecelebrateDecember25asthedaythatChristwasborn?ItcouldbebecauseofaRomanCatholichistorianfromthethirdcentury,SextusJuliosAfricanus,whobelievedJesuswasconceivedonMarch25-ninemonthsbeforewhatisnowChristmasDay.5.TheSaharaistheworld’slargestdesert.Technically,Antarcticais.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveydefinesadesertas“aridlandwithmeagerrainfall[usuallylessthanteninchesperyear]thatsupportsonlysparsevegetationandalimitedpopulationofpeopleandanimals.”Antarcticaaveragesonlysixinchesofrainayear(mostlyassnow)andisalmost5.5millionsquaremiles.TheSaharaisonly3.3millionsquaremiles.6.Chameleortscanchangetheircoloringtomatchanybackground.Thelizardsdoadjusttheirskintonetocamouflagethemselvesincertainenvironments,buttheircolorrangeislimited.ThereallyvibranthuesyouseeonTVandinbooksaren’tusuallymeantfortrickingpredators.Thosechameleonsaretryingtoattractamateordefendtheirterritory.Malechameleonshaveevenbeenknowntochangetheircolorstoappearfemale,whichhelpsthemsneakbyothermaleswithoutthethreatorfight.40．Itis_________thatessentiallymake(s)thepeppertastespicy.A．theconcentrationofcapsaicin B．thecoatingoftheseedsC．thepainreceptorsonournerves D．thesizeoftheinnerrib41．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheSaharaisn’tseenastheworld’slargestdesertbecauseitreceiveslessrainthanAntarctica.B．Chameleonschangetheircoloringtoservepurposesotherthanfoolingtheirenemies.C．Wads-worthwitnessedPaulRevereshout“TheBritisharecoming”withhisowneyes.D．Theabsorptionoflightbythetissuechangesthebloodinsideourbodyfromredintoblue.42．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．DiscoveriesThatAreAmazing B．FactsThatAreMisleadingC．FindingsThatAreSignificant D．MythsThatAreUnknownCThehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfulspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls.Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.Whilepinningdownadefinitionhasproventricky,thegeneralconsensusisit’ssomemeansofinformationgathering.Psychologistsalsoagreecuriosityisintrinsically(内在地)motivated.Curiositycoverssuchalargesetofbehaviorsthatthereprobablyisn’tanysingle“curiositygene”thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Thatsaid,curiositydoeshaveageneticcomponent.Genesandenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthatgigantictask.Hundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It’swhatmotivatesnon-humananimals,humaninfantsandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemaftercontinuedexposure.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,thestakesarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere’smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.Astudyof12-to19-month-oldslearninghowtowalkdocumentedthatthesechildrenfelldownalot.Seventeentimesperhour,tobeexact.Butwalkingisfasterthancrawling,sothismotivatesexpertcrawlerstotransitiontowalking.Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.43．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcuriosity?A．Itistoocomplexfornon-scientiststounderstand.B．Itistheforcethatpusheshumansocietyforward.C．Itisauniquetraitspecifictothehumanrace.D．Itisoftenthemajorcauseforhumanfailures.44．Whatdowelearnabouthowgenesshapepeople’sbehavior?A．Theydeterminepeople’swayofthinking.B．Theyaccountforagedifferencesinlearning.C．Theyenablepeopletoundertakemassivetasks.D．Theyworkinconjunctionwiththeenvironment.45．Whatdonumerousstudiesshowaboutinfants?A．Theyarefarmorecuriousthanadults.B．Theyprefertogoafterallthatisnovel.C．Theyhavedifferentintereststhanadults.D．Theyshownon-humananimalbehaviors.46．WhatdoestheexampleoftheInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionsillustrate?A．Thecostofhuman’scuriositytoexplore.B．Theincredibleharshnessofcoldweather.C．Theinnovativeideasstemmingfromcuriosity.D．Theimportanceoflearningfrompastfailures.评卷人得分五、六选四NewJournalism,Americanliterarymovementinthe1960sand70s,pushedtheboundariesoftraditionaljournalismandnonfictionwriting.Thegenrecombinedjournalisticresearchwiththetechniquesoffictionwritinginthereportingofstoriesaboutreal-lifeevents.Asintraditionalinvestigativereporting,writersinthegenreimmersed(沉浸)themselvesintheirsubjects,attimesspendingmonthsinthefieldgatheringfactsthroughresearch,interviews,andobservation.Theirfinishedworkswereverydifferent,however,fromthefeaturestoriestypicallypublishedinnewspapersandmagazinesofthetime.Insteadofemployingtraditionaljournalisticstorystructuresandaninstitutionalvoice,theyconstructedwell-developedcharacters,sustaineddialogue,vividscenes,andstrongplotlinesmarkedwithdramatictension.____47____.Theirwritingstyle,andthetimeandmoneythattheirin-depthresearchandlongstoriesrequired,didnotfittheneedsorbudgetsofmostnewspapers,althoughtheeditorsofprominentmagazinessoughtoutthosewritersandpublishedtheirworkwithgreatcommercialsuccess.Manyofthosewriterswentontopublishtheirstoriesinanthologiesortowritewhatbecameknownas“nonfictionnovels,”andmanyofthoseworksbecamebestsellers.____48____.Theyalsoassociatedjournalismwithfictionwhentheydescribedtheirworkwithphrasessuchas“nonfictionnovel”and“narrativetechniquesoffiction.”Insodoing,theysparkedoffadebateoverhowmuchlikeanovelorshortstoryajournalisticpiececouldbebeforeitbeganviolatingjournalism'scommitmenttotruthandfacts.SomeobserverspraisedtheNewJournalistsforwritingwell-crafted,complex,andconvincingstoriesthatrevitalizedreaders'interestinjournalismandthetopicscovered,aswellasinspiringotherwriterstojointheprofession.____49____.Theyfearedthatreporterswouldbetemptedtostrayfromthefactsinordertowritemoredramaticstories,by,forexample,creatingcompositecharacters(meldingseveralrealpeopleintoonefictionalcharacter),compressingdialogue(makingdialogueshorter),rearrangingevents,orevenfabricating(orinventing)details.SomeNewJournalistsfreelyadmittedtousingthosetechniques,arguingthattheymadetheirstoriesreadableandpublishablewithoutsacrificingtheessentialtruthfulnessofthetale.____50____.A．Othersfirmlyopposedtheuseofthosetechniques,arguingthatanydeparturefromfacts,howeverminor,discreditedastoryandmoveditawayfromjournalismintotherealmoffiction.B．Theyalsowroteinvoicesthatweredistinctlytheirown.C．TheNewJournalistsarguedthatobjectivitydoesnotguaranteetruthandthatso-called“objective”storiescanbemoremisleadingthanstoriestoldfromaclearlypresentedpersonalpointofview.D．TheNewJournalistsexpandedthedefinitionofjournalismandoflegitimate(正统的)journalisticreportingandwritingtechniques.E．TheNewJournalists’ideascontinuetobeexploredandrefinedbynewgenerationsofreportersandeditors.F．Others,however,worriedthattheNewJournalismwasreplacingobjectivityofwithadangeroussubjectivitythatthreatenedtounderminethecredibilityofalljournalism.评卷人得分六、概要写作51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Theriskofpre-schooling“Youngchildrenlearningtoreadisoneofthemostimportantthingsprimaryeducationdoes.It’sfundamentaltochildrenmakingprogressinlife,”saysDominicWyse,aprofessorofprimaryeducationatUniversityCollegeLondon,intheUK.“Whilelearningliteracyisvitaltochildern,thewayweteachitreallymatters.”Ina2022report,hestatesthatEnglishschoolsystem’sintensefocusonphonics–amethodthatinvolvesmatchingthesoundofaspokenwordorletter,withindividualwrittenletters,throughaprocesscalled“soundingout”–couldbefailingsomechildren.Areasonforthisisthatthetestsusedtoassessthatearlylearningmayhavelittletodowiththeskillsactuallyneededtoreadandenjoybooksorothermeaningfultexts.Forexample,thetest