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PAGE第页章序名称Book5Unit10周2次第5周授课时间2017年月日至年月日教学目的要求(1)Rhetoricalskill:compareandcontrast(2)Keylanguage&grammarpoints(3)Writingstrategies:argumentativewriting(4)Theme:thecrisisofmorality教学重点TipsforPublicSpeakerWritingstrategies:rhetoricaldevicesappliedinpersuasivespeech教学难点1.Speech:anartoflanguage2.Backgroundinformation教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授(√);实验();实践();双语(√)课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学();多媒体(√)教学用具PPT,blackboard,Teacher’sBook(5),English-EnglishDictionary教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)Gooverparagraph1-4.andanswerthequestion.2.SectionOneDetailedReading(85mins)THENEWIMMORALITYJosephWoodKrutch1.Paragraphy4.Readtheparagraph4and5.(3mins) But,onemayobject,haven'tallthesethingsalwaysbeentrue?Istherereallyanyevidencethatpersonaldishonestyismoreprevalentthanitalwayswas?Ihavenowayofmakingahistoricalmeasurement.Perhapsthesethingsarenotactuallymoreprevalent.WhatIdoknowisthatthereisaninterestingtendencytoacceptandtakeforgrantedsuchpersonaldishonesty.Thebureaucratanddiskjockeysay,"Well,yes,Itookpresents,butIassureyouthatImadejustdecisionsanyway."Thecollegestudentcaughtcheatingdoesnotevenblush.Heshrugshisshouldersandcomments:"Everybodydoesit,andbesides,Ican'tseethatitreallyhurtsanybody."II.LanguageWorkofParagraphs(10mins)Paragraph4prevalentadj.existingorhappeninggenerallyoruniversally;beingwidespreade.g. Theprevalentopinionisinfavorofreform.Ismalariastillprevalentamongthepopulationhere?Anti-governmentsentimentsarestillprevalentinthatwar-ravagedcountry.Paragraph5“Ihavenowayofmakingahistoricalmeasurement.”Paraphrase:Iamnotableatalltojudgepersonaldishonestyfromtheangleofhistory.“WhatIdoknowisthatthereisaninterestingtendencytoacceptandtakeforgrantedsuchpersonaldishonesty.”Paraphrase:WhatIknowforcertainisthatinterestingly,manypeopletendtoacceptsuchpersonaldishonestyandregarditascommon,andthusremainindifferenttoit.“Thecollegestudentcaughtcheatingdoesnotevenblush.”Paraphrase:Thecollegestudentwhoiscaughtred-handed,cheatingonanexamination,doesnotfeelashamedintheleast.III.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs.(2mins)我无法做出历史性的衡量。或许这些事情并不真的更加猖獗。我能指出的是,现在有一种饶有趣味的苗头,就是有人接受这种个人的不诚实,而且还觉得理所当然。官僚和电台节目主持人说:“嗯,是的,我接受过礼物,但是我保证反正自己做出的是公正的决定。”作弊被现场捉住的大学生连脸都不红。他耸耸肩膀,评论道:“大家都这么干,而且我看不出对谁有什么伤害。”然而,也许有人会反驳,所有这些不是一直这样吗?真的有证据说明,现在个人的不诚实要比往昔更猖獗吗?2.Paragraphy6-8.I.Readtheparagraph6and8.(5mins) JonathanSwiftoncesaid:"Ihaveneverbeensurprisedtofindmenwicked,butIhaveoftenbeensurprisedtofindthemnotashamed."Itismyconvictionthatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.Ifeverybodydoesit,itmustberight.Honest,moral,decentmeanonlywhatisusual.Thisisnotreallyawickedworld,becausemoralitymeansmoresormannersandusualconductistheonlystandard.Thesecondpartofthedefense,"itreallydoesn'thurtanybody,"isequallyrevealing."Itdoesn'thurtanybody"meansitdoesn'tdothatabstractioncalledsocietyanyharm.Theharmitdidtothebribe-takerandthecheaterisn'timportant;itispurelypersonal.Andpersona,asopposedtosocialdecency,doesn'tcountformuch.SometimesIaminclinedtoblamesociologyforpartofthisparadox.Sociologyhastendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,andtendedtoooftentodefinegoodandevilasmerelythe"sociallyuseful"oritsreverse.Whatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonor--asopposedtowhatissometimescalledmerely"sociallydesirableconduct".Themanofhonorisnotcontenttoaskmerelywhetherthisorthatwillhurtsociety,orwhetheritiswhatmostpeoplewouldpermitthemselvestodo.Heasks,andheasksfirstofall,wouldithurthimandhisself-respect?Woulditdishonorhimpersonally?LanguageWorkofParagraphs(13mins)Paragraph6“Itismyconvictionthatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.”Paraphrase:Ibelievethatthoughpeoplemaynotbebecomingmorewickedthantheyusedtobe,theyseemlesslikelytofeelashamedwhentheyarecaughtdoingsomethingwrong.“Ifanybodydoesit,itmustberight.”Paraphrase:Ifitisacommonpractice,itismostprobablycorrect.moresn.(fml)customsorconventionsconsideredtypicaloforessentialtoagroupe.g. Wemustobservesocialmores.Everysocietyhasitsownmores.Paragraph7revealingadj.makingfacts,etc.known;causingorallowingsth.tobevisiblee.g. Itwasarevealingslipofthetongue.TheX-raywasveryrevealing.Sheiswearingaratherrevealingdress."Itdoesn'thurtanybody"meansitdoesn'tdothatabstractioncalledsocietyanyharm.Paraphrase:Thestatement"Itdoesn'thurtanybody"impliesthatitdoesn'tdoanyharmtosocietyasawhole.abstractionn.ageneralideaortheorydevelopedfromspecificconcreteexamplesofeventse.g. Iexpectsomeexamplestoillustrateyourtalkthatis,byandlarge,anabstraction.“Theharmitdidthebribe-takerandthecheaterisn'timportant;itispurelypersonal.”Paraphrase:Theharmitdidthebribe-takerandthecheaterisinsignificant,becauseitismerelythepersonconcernedthatbearstheconsequence.“Andpersona,asopposedtosocialdecency,doesn'tcountformuch.”Paraphrase:What'smore,howapersonappearsoractuallyis,incontrasttopublicmorality,amountstoalmostnothing.personan.(psychology)theimageofcharacterandpersonalitythatonewishestoshowtheoutsideworlde.g. Shehasahottemper,whichisanundesirablepersonaofherpersonality.Thecomicpersonaeinherwritingsarejocundandhumorous.decencyn.qualityofbeingorappearingasrespectablepeoplewouldwish;(pl.)acceptedstandardsofbehaviororproprietyinsociety;avoidanceofobscenity;therequirementsofcorrectbehaviore.g. Appearingnakedinpublicisanoffenceagainstdecency.Youmustobservethedecencieswhenyouarepresentataceremony.“Sociologyhastendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,andtendedtoooftentodefinegoodandevilasmerelythe‘sociallyuseful’oritsreverse.”Paraphrase:Sociologyhasbeenapttoexclusivelyemphasizesocialmorality,andlikelyveryoftentointerpretgoodsimplyasthe"sociallyuseful"andtodefineevilonlyas"thesociallyuseless."sociologyn.thescientificstudyofthenature,development,structureandfunctioningofhumansociety;thestudyofsocialproblemse.g. ProfessorZhang,whospecializesinsociology,haspublishedmanyarticlesonitinacademicjournals.reversen.sth.thatisthecontraryoroppositetowhatisexpected;changefortheworsee.g. Children'sshoesarenotcheap,butquitethereverse.Youweretheveryreverseofpoliteness.Thepatientsufferedsomeseriousreverses.Paragraph8“Whatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonor--asopposedtowhatissometimescalledmerely‘sociallydesirableconduct’.”Paraphrase:Whatthedefinitionofsocialmoralityandsocialconsciencefailstoincludeinitsscopeisthenarrowerbutveryimportantnotionofhonor;rather,itlaysmuchmoreemphasisonwhatissometimesreferredtomerelyas"sociallydesirableconduct."dishonorvt.tobringdisgraceonsb.orsth.e.g. Whathediddishonoredhisfamily.Itwasacowardlyactthatdishonoredhismemory.IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs(2mins) 乔纳森·斯威夫特曾经说过:“发现有人为人邪恶,我不吃惊;但是我常常感到惊讶的是发现这些人厚颜无耻。”我坚信的是,虽然人们也许并不比以往那么邪恶,但是他们似乎更加不知廉耻了。如果人人如此,那就一定对了。诚实、品德和正直这些操守的执行仅是因为人们循规蹈矩。这并不是一个邪恶的世界,因为道德规范意味着道德观和行为举止,而且一般的行为才是唯一的标准。 辩解的第二部分,“真的对谁也没有什么伤害”同样很说明问题。“对谁也没有什么伤害”的意思是,对那个叫做社会的抽象概念毫发无损。接受贿赂的人和考试作弊的人受到的伤害并不重要;纯粹是个人的事情。与社会的行为准则相比,个人的形象无足轻重。有时候,我会认为这种似是而非的情况要归谬于社会学,它要承担部分的责任。社会学往往只强调社会道德规范,过分倾向于将好与恶仅仅界定为“对社会有用的”或无用。社会道德规范和社会良知缺失的是较为狭隘,但非常重要的信誉观——与之相对应的是,有时仅以“社会适宜行为”冠名的观念。有信誉的人并不满足于单单询问,这个或那个是否有损于社会,或者是不是大多数人允许自己这样做。他要问,而且首先要问,那会伤害到他和他的自尊吗?那会使他个人信誉扫地吗? Paragraph9and10Readtheparagraph9and10.(5mins) Itwasafavoriteandnodoubtsoundargumentamongearlytwentieth-centuryreformersthat"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayitwasnotenoughtomakeadecentsociety.Theywereright:itisnotenough.Butthetimehascometoaddthatitisindeedinevitablethattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonorwillcreateacorruptsociety.Butsupposethatitdoesn't?Supposethatnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes?Evenso,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanthispersonal,interiorsenseofrightandwrongandhisdeterminationtofollowthatratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness".Itisimpossibleformetoimagineagoodsocietycomposedofmenwithouthonor.Wehearitsaidfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.Ifthatisso,thentheyhaveawrongnotionofwhatthereal,theultimate,securityis.Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.Toomuchisbeingsaidabouttheimportanceofadjustmentand"participationinthegroup".Evencooperation,togivethisthingitsmostfavorabledesignation,isnomoreimportantthantheabilitytostandalonewhenthechoicemustbemadebetweenthesacrificeofone'sownintegrityandadjustmenttoorparticipationingroupactivity.II.Languageworkofparagraphs(15mins)Paragraph9“Itwasafavoriteandnodoubtsoundargumentamongearlytwentieth-centuryreformersthat"playingthegame",asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayit,wasnotenoughtomakeadecentsociety.”Paraphrase:Earlytwentieth-centuryreformersrightlyarguedthat"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayit,i.e.behavingasthemanofhonourwasexpectedto,wasnotenoughforthecreationofatrulymoralsociety.“Theywereright:itisnotenough.Butthetimehascometoaddthatitisindeedinevitablethattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonorwillcreateacorruptsociety.”Paraphrase:Theywerecorrect.Indeed,"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayitisnotenoughatalltomakeadecentsociety.Butitishightimethatweaddedthatitisunavoidablethattheso-calledsocialconscience,notbackedbytheconceptofpersonalhonor,islikelytoleadtoanimmoralordishonestsociety.“Butsupposethatitdoesn't?Supposethatnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes?”Paraphrase:Butwhatattitudeshouldtheindividualadoptprovidedthattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonordoesn'tcreateacorruptsociety?Whatshouldbethemostappropriatethingtodo,supposingthatonlythespecifiedpersonsuffersfromthefactthathedoesn'tseeanythingwrongindoingthesameasmanyothersdo?Evenso,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanthispersonal,…bywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness."Paraphrase:Eveniftheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonordoesn'tcreateacorruptsociety,andeventhoughnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfthemostimportantthingisthatheshoulddependonhisownawarenessofrightandwrong.Heshouldhavethedeterminationtoactaccordingtothatratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness."Paragraph10“Ifthatisso,thentheyhaveawrongnotionofwhatthereal,theultimate,securityis.”Paraphrase:Ifwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireisreallysecurity,thentheyhaveawrongideaofwhatthegenuine,theessential,securityis.ultimateadj.beyondwhichnootherexistsorispossible;fromwhicheverythingelseisderived,basicorfundamental;thatcannotbesurpassedorimprovedupone.g. Themanagementmusttakeultimateresponsibilityforthestrike.Nuclearweaponsaretheultimatedeterrent.Thesearetheultimateprinciplesofphilosophyandscience.“Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.”Paraphrase:Noonewhodoesnotrelyonhimselfbutjustonmoney,power,fame,etc.isorevercanbefreefromdanger.“Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.”Paraphrase:Whoeverishisownmasterandhappywithhisachievementsisindeedsecure.“Evencooperation,…integrityandadjustmenttoorparticipationingroupactivity.”Paraphrase:Evencooperation,themostfavourabletermwecanusetorefertoadjustmentandparticipationinthegroup,isbynomeansofmoreimportancethantheabilitytoworkindependentlywhenoneisconfrontedwiththedecisionbetweenthegivingupofone'sownhonestyandhisadaptationtoorjoiningingroupactivity.“Ifonepersonalonerefusestogoalongwithhim,…thenatleasthewillstillremainwhatisperhapsthemostimportantpartofhumanity.”Paraphrase:Ifonlyonepersondeclinestofollowthemassman,andinsteadadherestohisownbeliefsandremainsfaithfultowhathispeersseemtohavedeserted,thenatleasthewillstillcontinuetobeamostreal,uprightandusefulpersonwiththemostimportanthumanqualities.humanityn.humanbeingscollectively,thehumanracee.g. Theterroristswillinevitablybecondemnedforcrimesagainsthumanity.Failuretocurbthediseasewillmakeallhumanitysufferfromit.III.AnalysisParagraph4-10Analysis(5mins) Theseparagraphsconstitutethemajorpartofthisessay,inwhichthewriterfirstpresentshisillustrationofanoddphenomenonthatmanypeopletendtoacceptandtakeforgrantedpersonaldishonesty,andsecondlyexplainsthesocialandpsychologicalfactorsthatleadtothebehavior,attitude,andexcuseorfallacyofthedishonestpeople.Then,hepresentshisownopinionsabouttheimmensesignificanceofthepossessionofpersonalhonor,aswellashisinterpretationofwhatthereal,theultimatesecurityis.III.QuestionsforParagraphsParagraph8-9:Question(5mins)Howdoesthewritercriticizethenewimmoralityandrefutethedefenseofthedishonest?First,thewriterpointsoutthatwhatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonorandexplainswhatamanofhonorshoulddo,implyingthatthenewimmoralitydishonorsaman.Next,heconveyshisopinionthattheso-calledsocialconscience,unsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonor,willinevitablycreateacorruptsociety.Fortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanhispersonal,interiorsenseofrightandwrongandhisdeterminationtofollowthat,ratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodyelsedoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness,"emphasizingthatagoodsocietyisnotcomposedofmenwithouthonor.Then,goingastepfurther,hepinpointsthewrongnotionofsecurityheldbypresent-daymenandexpoundshisownopinionaboutwhatthereal,theultimate.Paragraph10:Question(3mins)Whatisthewriter'sopinionoftherealandtheultimatesecurity?Thewriter'sopinionofthereal,theultimate,securityis:"Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure."IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs(2mins)20世纪早期革新者喜欢使用的,也无疑是个有力的论点是,以绅士应该遵守的规范来“玩游戏”不足以形成一个正派的社会。他们说得对:是不够。但是,是时候再加上一句,所谓的社会良知得不到个人信誉的支持将会产生一个腐败的社会。不过,假如不呢?如果,随大流做大家都在做的事情,除了个人,谁也不会蒙受损失呢?即便如此,我仍坚持认为,对个人自己而言,什么都没有个人内心里的是非观重要,也没有比下决心去遵循内心的是非观,而不去随大流或仅凭“对社会有用”的标准去行事更重要。我无法想象一个良好的社会里全是些没有信誉的人。10. 我们常听人说,现在人们最需要的是安全感。如果真是如此,那么他们就误解了什么是真正的、最终的安全感。依赖身外之物的人,无论钱财、权力、名誉或其他的东西,是不会、也不可能会安全的。只有那些把握住自己,对自己感到满意的人才会安全。关于适应能力和“参与集体”的重要性的话题大谈特谈,提倡得过多。纵然是合作能
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