高级英语第五册第10课 - 2

PAGE第页章序名称Book5Unit10周2次第5周授课时间2017年月日至年月日教学目的要求(1)Rhetoricalskill:compareandcontrast(2)Keylanguage&grammarpoints(3)Writingstrategies:argumentativewriting(4)Theme:thecrisisofmorality教学重点TipsforPublicSpeakerWritingstrategies:rhetoricaldevicesappliedinpersuasivespeech教学难点1.Speech:anartoflanguage2.Backgroundinformation教学场所环境Multi-mediaclassroom授课方式课堂讲授（√）；实验（）；实践（）；双语（√）课时分配2学时教学方法课堂讲授、小组讨论、问题法教学手段网络教学（）；多媒体（√）教学用具PPT,blackboard,Teacher’sBook(5),English-EnglishDictionary教学内容提要备注1.Review(5mins)Gooverparagraph1-4.andanswerthequestion.2.SectionOneDetailedReading(85mins)THENEWIMMORALITYJosephWoodKrutch1.Paragraphy4.Readtheparagraph4and5.(3mins) But,onemayobject,haven'tallthesethingsalwaysbeentrue?Istherereallyanyevidencethatpersonaldishonestyismoreprevalentthanitalwayswas?Ihavenowayofmakingahistoricalmeasurement.Perhapsthesethingsarenotactuallymoreprevalent.WhatIdoknowisthatthereisaninterestingtendencytoacceptandtakeforgrantedsuchpersonaldishonesty.Thebureaucratanddiskjockeysay,"Well,yes,Itookpresents,butIassureyouthatImadejustdecisionsanyway."Thecollegestudentcaughtcheatingdoesnotevenblush.Heshrugshisshouldersandcomments:"Everybodydoesit,andbesides,Ican'tseethatitreallyhurtsanybody."II.LanguageWorkofParagraphs(10mins)Paragraph4prevalentadj.existingorhappeninggenerallyoruniversally;beingwidespreade.g. Theprevalentopinionisinfavorofreform.Ismalariastillprevalentamongthepopulationhere?Anti-governmentsentimentsarestillprevalentinthatwar-ravagedcountry.Paragraph5“Ihavenowayofmakingahistoricalmeasurement.”Paraphrase:Iamnotableatalltojudgepersonaldishonestyfromtheangleofhistory.“WhatIdoknowisthatthereisaninterestingtendencytoacceptandtakeforgrantedsuchpersonaldishonesty.”Paraphrase:WhatIknowforcertainisthatinterestingly,manypeopletendtoacceptsuchpersonaldishonestyandregarditascommon,andthusremainindifferenttoit.“Thecollegestudentcaughtcheatingdoesnotevenblush.”Paraphrase:Thecollegestudentwhoiscaughtred-handed,cheatingonanexamination,doesnotfeelashamedintheleast.III.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs.(2mins)我无法做出历史性的衡量。或许这些事情并不真的更加猖獗。我能指出的是，现在有一种饶有趣味的苗头，就是有人接受这种个人的不诚实，而且还觉得理所当然。官僚和电台节目主持人说：“嗯，是的，我接受过礼物，但是我保证反正自己做出的是公正的决定。”作弊被现场捉住的大学生连脸都不红。他耸耸肩膀，评论道：“大家都这么干，而且我看不出对谁有什么伤害。”然而，也许有人会反驳，所有这些不是一直这样吗？真的有证据说明，现在个人的不诚实要比往昔更猖獗吗？2.Paragraphy6-8.I.Readtheparagraph6and8.(5mins) JonathanSwiftoncesaid:"Ihaveneverbeensurprisedtofindmenwicked,butIhaveoftenbeensurprisedtofindthemnotashamed."Itismyconvictionthatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.Ifeverybodydoesit,itmustberight.Honest,moral,decentmeanonlywhatisusual.Thisisnotreallyawickedworld,becausemoralitymeansmoresormannersandusualconductistheonlystandard.Thesecondpartofthedefense,"itreallydoesn'thurtanybody,"isequallyrevealing."Itdoesn'thurtanybody"meansitdoesn'tdothatabstractioncalledsocietyanyharm.Theharmitdidtothebribe-takerandthecheaterisn'timportant;itispurelypersonal.Andpersona,asopposedtosocialdecency,doesn'tcountformuch.SometimesIaminclinedtoblamesociologyforpartofthisparadox.Sociologyhastendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,andtendedtoooftentodefinegoodandevilasmerelythe"sociallyuseful"oritsreverse.Whatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonor--asopposedtowhatissometimescalledmerely"sociallydesirableconduct".Themanofhonorisnotcontenttoaskmerelywhetherthisorthatwillhurtsociety,orwhetheritiswhatmostpeoplewouldpermitthemselvestodo.Heasks,andheasksfirstofall,wouldithurthimandhisself-respect?Woulditdishonorhimpersonally?LanguageWorkofParagraphs(13mins)Paragraph6“Itismyconvictionthatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.”Paraphrase:Ibelievethatthoughpeoplemaynotbebecomingmorewickedthantheyusedtobe,theyseemlesslikelytofeelashamedwhentheyarecaughtdoingsomethingwrong.“Ifanybodydoesit,itmustberight.”Paraphrase:Ifitisacommonpractice,itismostprobablycorrect.moresn.(fml)customsorconventionsconsideredtypicaloforessentialtoagroupe.g. Wemustobservesocialmores.Everysocietyhasitsownmores.Paragraph7revealingadj.makingfacts,etc.known;causingorallowingsth.tobevisiblee.g. Itwasarevealingslipofthetongue.TheX-raywasveryrevealing.Sheiswearingaratherrevealingdress."Itdoesn'thurtanybody"meansitdoesn'tdothatabstractioncalledsocietyanyharm.Paraphrase:Thestatement"Itdoesn'thurtanybody"impliesthatitdoesn'tdoanyharmtosocietyasawhole.abstractionn.ageneralideaortheorydevelopedfromspecificconcreteexamplesofeventse.g. Iexpectsomeexamplestoillustrateyourtalkthatis,byandlarge,anabstraction.“Theharmitdidthebribe-takerandthecheaterisn'timportant;itispurelypersonal.”Paraphrase:Theharmitdidthebribe-takerandthecheaterisinsignificant,becauseitismerelythepersonconcernedthatbearstheconsequence.“Andpersona,asopposedtosocialdecency,doesn'tcountformuch.”Paraphrase:What'smore,howapersonappearsoractuallyis,incontrasttopublicmorality,amountstoalmostnothing.personan.(psychology)theimageofcharacterandpersonalitythatonewishestoshowtheoutsideworlde.g. Shehasahottemper,whichisanundesirablepersonaofherpersonality.Thecomicpersonaeinherwritingsarejocundandhumorous.decencyn.qualityofbeingorappearingasrespectablepeoplewouldwish;(pl.)acceptedstandardsofbehaviororproprietyinsociety;avoidanceofobscenity;therequirementsofcorrectbehaviore.g. Appearingnakedinpublicisanoffenceagainstdecency.Youmustobservethedecencieswhenyouarepresentataceremony.“Sociologyhastendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,andtendedtoooftentodefinegoodandevilasmerelythe‘sociallyuseful’oritsreverse.”Paraphrase:Sociologyhasbeenapttoexclusivelyemphasizesocialmorality,andlikelyveryoftentointerpretgoodsimplyasthe"sociallyuseful"andtodefineevilonlyas"thesociallyuseless."sociologyn.thescientificstudyofthenature,development,structureandfunctioningofhumansociety;thestudyofsocialproblemse.g. ProfessorZhang,whospecializesinsociology,haspublishedmanyarticlesonitinacademicjournals.reversen.sth.thatisthecontraryoroppositetowhatisexpected;changefortheworsee.g. Children'sshoesarenotcheap,butquitethereverse.Youweretheveryreverseofpoliteness.Thepatientsufferedsomeseriousreverses.Paragraph8“Whatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonor--asopposedtowhatissometimescalledmerely‘sociallydesirableconduct’.”Paraphrase:Whatthedefinitionofsocialmoralityandsocialconsciencefailstoincludeinitsscopeisthenarrowerbutveryimportantnotionofhonor；rather,itlaysmuchmoreemphasisonwhatissometimesreferredtomerelyas"sociallydesirableconduct."dishonorvt.tobringdisgraceonsb.orsth.e.g. Whathediddishonoredhisfamily.Itwasacowardlyactthatdishonoredhismemory.IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs(2mins) 乔纳森·斯威夫特曾经说过：“发现有人为人邪恶，我不吃惊；但是我常常感到惊讶的是发现这些人厚颜无耻。”我坚信的是，虽然人们也许并不比以往那么邪恶，但是他们似乎更加不知廉耻了。如果人人如此，那就一定对了。诚实、品德和正直这些操守的执行仅是因为人们循规蹈矩。这并不是一个邪恶的世界，因为道德规范意味着道德观和行为举止，而且一般的行为才是唯一的标准。 辩解的第二部分，“真的对谁也没有什么伤害”同样很说明问题。“对谁也没有什么伤害”的意思是，对那个叫做社会的抽象概念毫发无损。接受贿赂的人和考试作弊的人受到的伤害并不重要；纯粹是个人的事情。与社会的行为准则相比，个人的形象无足轻重。有时候，我会认为这种似是而非的情况要归谬于社会学，它要承担部分的责任。社会学往往只强调社会道德规范，过分倾向于将好与恶仅仅界定为“对社会有用的”或无用。社会道德规范和社会良知缺失的是较为狭隘，但非常重要的信誉观——与之相对应的是，有时仅以“社会适宜行为”冠名的观念。有信誉的人并不满足于单单询问，这个或那个是否有损于社会，或者是不是大多数人允许自己这样做。他要问，而且首先要问，那会伤害到他和他的自尊吗？那会使他个人信誉扫地吗？ Paragraph9and10Readtheparagraph9and10.(5mins) Itwasafavoriteandnodoubtsoundargumentamongearlytwentieth-centuryreformersthat"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayitwasnotenoughtomakeadecentsociety.Theywereright:itisnotenough.Butthetimehascometoaddthatitisindeedinevitablethattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonorwillcreateacorruptsociety.Butsupposethatitdoesn't?Supposethatnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes?Evenso,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanthispersonal,interiorsenseofrightandwrongandhisdeterminationtofollowthatratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness".Itisimpossibleformetoimagineagoodsocietycomposedofmenwithouthonor.Wehearitsaidfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.Ifthatisso,thentheyhaveawrongnotionofwhatthereal,theultimate,securityis.Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.Toomuchisbeingsaidabouttheimportanceofadjustmentand"participationinthegroup".Evencooperation,togivethisthingitsmostfavorabledesignation,isnomoreimportantthantheabilitytostandalonewhenthechoicemustbemadebetweenthesacrificeofone'sownintegrityandadjustmenttoorparticipationingroupactivity.II.Languageworkofparagraphs(15mins)Paragraph9“Itwasafavoriteandnodoubtsoundargumentamongearlytwentieth-centuryreformersthat"playingthegame",asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayit,wasnotenoughtomakeadecentsociety.”Paraphrase:Earlytwentieth-centuryreformersrightlyarguedthat"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayit,i.e.behavingasthemanofhonourwasexpectedto,wasnotenoughforthecreationofatrulymoralsociety.“Theywereright:itisnotenough.Butthetimehascometoaddthatitisindeedinevitablethattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonorwillcreateacorruptsociety.”Paraphrase:Theywerecorrect.Indeed,"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayitisnotenoughatalltomakeadecentsociety.Butitishightimethatweaddedthatitisunavoidablethattheso-calledsocialconscience,notbackedbytheconceptofpersonalhonor,islikelytoleadtoanimmoralordishonestsociety.“Butsupposethatitdoesn't?Supposethatnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes?”Paraphrase:Butwhatattitudeshouldtheindividualadoptprovidedthattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonordoesn'tcreateacorruptsociety?Whatshouldbethemostappropriatethingtodo,supposingthatonlythespecifiedpersonsuffersfromthefactthathedoesn'tseeanythingwrongindoingthesameasmanyothersdo?Evenso,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanthispersonal,…bywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness."Paraphrase:Eveniftheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonordoesn'tcreateacorruptsociety,andeventhoughnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfthemostimportantthingisthatheshoulddependonhisownawarenessofrightandwrong.Heshouldhavethedeterminationtoactaccordingtothatratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness."Paragraph10“Ifthatisso,thentheyhaveawrongnotionofwhatthereal,theultimate,securityis.”Paraphrase:Ifwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireisreallysecurity,thentheyhaveawrongideaofwhatthegenuine,theessential,securityis.ultimateadj.beyondwhichnootherexistsorispossible;fromwhicheverythingelseisderived,basicorfundamental;thatcannotbesurpassedorimprovedupone.g. Themanagementmusttakeultimateresponsibilityforthestrike.Nuclearweaponsaretheultimatedeterrent.Thesearetheultimateprinciplesofphilosophyandscience.“Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.”Paraphrase:Noonewhodoesnotrelyonhimselfbutjustonmoney,power,fame,etc.isorevercanbefreefromdanger.“Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.”Paraphrase:Whoeverishisownmasterandhappywithhisachievementsisindeedsecure.“Evencooperation,…integrityandadjustmenttoorparticipationingroupactivity.”Paraphrase:Evencooperation,themostfavourabletermwecanusetorefertoadjustmentandparticipationinthegroup,isbynomeansofmoreimportancethantheabilitytoworkindependentlywhenoneisconfrontedwiththedecisionbetweenthegivingupofone'sownhonestyandhisadaptationtoorjoiningingroupactivity.“Ifonepersonalonerefusestogoalongwithhim,…thenatleasthewillstillremainwhatisperhapsthemostimportantpartofhumanity.”Paraphrase:Ifonlyonepersondeclinestofollowthemassman,andinsteadadherestohisownbeliefsandremainsfaithfultowhathispeersseemtohavedeserted,thenatleasthewillstillcontinuetobeamostreal,uprightandusefulpersonwiththemostimportanthumanqualities.humanityn.humanbeingscollectively,thehumanracee.g. Theterroristswillinevitablybecondemnedforcrimesagainsthumanity.Failuretocurbthediseasewillmakeallhumanitysufferfromit.III.AnalysisParagraph4-10Analysis(5mins) Theseparagraphsconstitutethemajorpartofthisessay,inwhichthewriterfirstpresentshisillustrationofanoddphenomenonthatmanypeopletendtoacceptandtakeforgrantedpersonaldishonesty,andsecondlyexplainsthesocialandpsychologicalfactorsthatleadtothebehavior,attitude,andexcuseorfallacyofthedishonestpeople.Then,hepresentshisownopinionsabouttheimmensesignificanceofthepossessionofpersonalhonor,aswellashisinterpretationofwhatthereal,theultimatesecurityis.III.QuestionsforParagraphsParagraph8-9:Question(5mins)Howdoesthewritercriticizethenewimmoralityandrefutethedefenseofthedishonest?First,thewriterpointsoutthatwhatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonorandexplainswhatamanofhonorshoulddo,implyingthatthenewimmoralitydishonorsaman.Next,heconveyshisopinionthattheso-calledsocialconscience,unsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonor,willinevitablycreateacorruptsociety.Fortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanhispersonal,interiorsenseofrightandwrongandhisdeterminationtofollowthat,ratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodyelsedoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness,"emphasizingthatagoodsocietyisnotcomposedofmenwithouthonor.Then,goingastepfurther,hepinpointsthewrongnotionofsecurityheldbypresent-daymenandexpoundshisownopinionaboutwhatthereal,theultimate.Paragraph10:Question(3mins)Whatisthewriter'sopinionoftherealandtheultimatesecurity?Thewriter'sopinionofthereal,theultimate,securityis:"Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure."IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs(2mins)20世纪早期革新者喜欢使用的，也无疑是个有力的论点是，以绅士应该遵守的规范来“玩游戏”不足以形成一个正派的社会。他们说得对：是不够。但是，是时候再加上一句，所谓的社会良知得不到个人信誉的支持将会产生一个腐败的社会。不过，假如不呢？如果，随大流做大家都在做的事情，除了个人，谁也不会蒙受损失呢？即便如此，我仍坚持认为，对个人自己而言，什么都没有个人内心里的是非观重要，也没有比下决心去遵循内心的是非观，而不去随大流或仅凭“对社会有用”的标准去行事更重要。我无法想象一个良好的社会里全是些没有信誉的人。10. 我们常听人说，现在人们最需要的是安全感。如果真是如此，那么他们就误解了什么是真正的、最终的安全感。依赖身外之物的人，无论钱财、权力、名誉或其他的东西，是不会、也不可能会安全的。只有那些把握住自己，对自己感到满意的人才会安全。关于适应能力和“参与集体”的重要性的话题大谈特谈，提倡得过多。纵然是合作能