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七年级上册英语语法总汇

(―•动词be(is,am,are)的用法

我⑴用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,

更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。

—•this,that和it用法

(l)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。

(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用thato如:

Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处)

Thatisatree,那是一棵树。(远处)

⑶放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:

Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

⑷向别人介绍某人时说Thisis…,不说Thatis…。如:

ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom,这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。

(5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis可以缩写。如:

Thisisabike.That'sacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:

一Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂,是格林小姐吗?

一Yes,thisis.Who*sthat?是的,我是,你是谁?

注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:Iam…,Areyou…?/Whoare

you?

⑺在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:

①一Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗?

一Yes,itis.是的,它是。

②一What'sthat?那是什么?

一Ifsakite,是只风筝。

三.these和those用法

this,that,these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或

事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

©Thisismybed.ThatisLily'sbed,这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②Thesepicturesaregood,那些画很好。

③Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗?

在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:

④Arethese/thoseyourapples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?

Yes,theyare.是的,他们是。

四.不定冠词a和an

a和an都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来

限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如:apencil(一支铅笔),abook(一本书);an用在元音音素开

头的名词前,如aneraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语,用a还是用an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决

定用还是用如:

aano

aclock一座钟anoldclock一座旧钟abook一本书anEnglishbook一本英语书

aniceapple一个可爱的苹果anapple一个苹果

五.名词+'s所有格

单数名词后直接加“‘S"

Jim'scoat吉姆的外套Jeff*smother杰夫的妈妈

词+,S

所有格

以s结尾的复数名词,只加“”

Teachers1Day教师节thetwins'books双胞胎的书

不以S结尾的不规则的名词复数,加一S”

Children'sDay儿童节men'sshoes男式鞋

表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加's

表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加's

LucyandLily,smother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)

Lucy'sandKate'srooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)

六.Therebe句型

(l)Therebe句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“Therebe+某物(某

人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般

现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记therebe句型结构:

Therebe放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:

Thereisabookonthedesk.

有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:

Onthedeskthereisabook.

(2)Therebe句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:

Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。"Therebe"真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用

is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:

①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.

②Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).

③Therearesomepearsinthebox.

(3)注意:如果"be"后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲

不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,,'be"的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不

可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:

①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.

②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.

七.like一词的用法

like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。

(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:

Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜欢这个小孩。

(2)后接动名词(v.-ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:

Tomlikesplayingfootball.汤姆喜欢踢足球。

(3)后接动词不定式(t。d。),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:

Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening,我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。

八.一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单数时,行

为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如:

句式结构例句

肯定句主语+行为动词原形+其他WespeakChinese.

主语+don,t+行为动词原形+

否定句Wedon'tspeakChinese.

其他

D。+主语+行为动词原形+其

一般疑问句DoyouspeakChinese?

他?

肯定回答Yes,主语+doYes,wedo.

否定回答No,主语+dorTtNo,wedon't.

当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下:

(D肯定句在行为动词原形后+s/es(其构成方法与名词单数变复数相同)。

(2)否定句用助动词doesn't+动词原形。

⑶一般疑问句则是把助动词does放在句首,后面动词用原形,回答时,肯定用“Yes,主语+does.”

否定用“No,主语+doesn't."。

句式结构例句

肯定句主语+行为动词s/es+其他ShespeaksChinese.

主语+doesn't+行为动词原

否定句Shedoesn'tspeakChinese.

形+其他

Does+主语+行为动词原形+

一般疑问句DoesshespeakChinese?

其他?

肯定回答Yes,主语+doesYes,shedoes.

否定回答No,主语+doesn'tNo,shedoesn't.

九.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素

⑴主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即一如:

l—we,you-you,she,he,ittheyo

Sheisagirl.—Theyaregirls.

要变为如:

(2)am,isareo

rmastudent.—>Wearestudents.

⑶不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:

Heisaboy.—Theyareboys.

⑷普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:

Itisanapple.—Theyareapples.

⑸指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:

Thisisabox.—Theseareboxes.

十.英语日期的表示法

英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。

用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8

月2日)。也可以用日+月十年来表示。如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若

指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词。n。

①Shewasbornin1989

②ShewasborninAugust.

③ShewasborninAugust1989.

④Shewasbornon2ndAugust,1989.

十一.名词复数:

在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countablenoun)和不可数名词(uncountablenoun),不可数名词没

有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用何数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg:apencil,abasketball,

adictionary,anegg,anIDcard,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:

(1)特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:

child—children,man—^men,foot-feet,woman^women

tooth—teeth,sheep-sheep,deer—deer

⑵一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”:

book—>books,pen—pens,car-^cars,map—maps,cartoon—>cartoons

⑶以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”

box-boxes,watch-watches

⑷以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”

family—families,comedy—►comedies

⑸以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v"再加es

knife-knives,wife—wives,handkerchief—^handkerchieves

十二.时间的表达法

(1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字

7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen

(2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)

1:25twenty-fivepastone2:30halfpasttwo

3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive

(3)12小时制

6:00a.m.上午6点8:20p.m,下午8点20分

(4)24小时制

13:0013点钟22:1522点15分

(5)15分可用quarter

4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix

(6)时间前通常用at.

at5o'clockat7:30p.m.

十三.关于时间的问法

⑴以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点

①Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么时候?

②MybirthdayisDec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。

这里就是指一天的时间段

①Whendoyougohome?你几点回家?

②Igohomeat4:30p.m.我下午4:30回家.

这里when问的是具体的时间。

⑵具体几点我们通常用whattime提问

①Whattimeisitnow?现在几点了?orWhat'sthetime?几点了?

Ifs9:26.现在九点二十六。

②Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?你手表几点了?

Ifs8:36.Oh,Ifs50minuteslate8:36,哦,它慢了50分钟。

③Whattimedoyougetup?你几点起床?

Igetupat6:00a.m.我早上6点起床。

十四.want用法

⑴想干什么用wanttodosth

Theywanttojointhesportsclub,他们想加入运动俱乐部。

⑵第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化

①Hewantstoplaybasketball.

②LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.

⑶变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.

①一Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

②-Doeshewanttogohomebybus?-Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't

附赠资料:

教师高效教学的诀窍

高效教学,具体应该怎么说呢?我们很难精确地给它下一个定义,但大家都能清晰地感受到它。学生、

家长甚至是那些教学水平般的教师亲临高效教学的现场时,都能立刻感受到它。但是,能感受到并不代表能在

实践中亲自做到,尽管水平一般的教师也能够在优秀教师的课堂上体会到高效教学的魅力,但他们却无法在

自己的课堂教学中像那些优秀教师一样高效。在某种程度上,他们能觉察到自己的不足,但在具体实践的时候

却不得要领,有劲使不出来。如果这些教师能够掌握教学的快窍,他们同样也能高效地教学。毕竟,教师们都有

一颗上进的心。今天我的目的就是要加深教师对于高效和低效两种教学方法的认识。这点十分重要,只有认

识到了,才能在实践中分清这两种教学方法的不同

今天,我们首先对下面所列的典型教学方法做出自己的判断。

看看它们是属于高效教学法,还是属于低效教学法。

高效教学与低效教学测试:

L讲课时的开场白是:“打开教材,翻到第x页。”(低效)

2.在课堂上尽量多用体验式教学法。(高效)

3.和学生建立起愉快、轻松的师生关系。(高效)

4.高度依赖书本。(低效)

5.把课本当做教学资源和教学工具来用。(高效)

6.多微笑。(高效)

7.大部分时间都显得很严肃。(低效)

8.教学实践中大量罗列文字。(低效)

9处理学生问题时声调提高并且表现出失望沮丧的情绪。(低效)

10.任何时候都表现得冷静、专业。(高效)

1L在课堂上多次进行有组织的讨论活动。(高效)

12.鼓励学生合作解决问题。(高效)

13.测试中出现的题目不超出课堂教授的内容。(高效)

14.测试中出现令学生感到束手无策的题目。(低效)

15.和学生陷入激烈的争吵。(低效)

16.私下里解决个别学生的问题。(高效)

17.当众令学生难堪。(低效)

18.详细地准备教学细节,以产生最佳的学习效果。(高效)

19.重复使用同一套教学计划。(低效)

20.不断学习并实践新的教学法。(高效)

21.在课堂教学中紧密联系学生的实际生活。(高效)

22拒绝改变。(低效)

23.勇于接纳并追求成长和进步所必须的变化。(高效)

24.经常和学生谈论积极向上的话题。(高效)25.经常和学生谈论负面的话题。(低效)

26.对每个学生都充满信心。(高效)

27.尽自己所能和家长保持沟通,让他们了解到学生的学习状

况。(高效)

28.重视学生的长处。(高效)

29.发自内心地热爱教学。(高效)

30.认为教学是一件麻烦的事情。(低效)31.经常抱怨。(低效)

32.和同事保持良好的关系,相互促进提高。(高效

33.为了学生的成功奉献一切。(高效)

34.认为每个学生都能成功,并平等地对待每个人。(高效)

35.不放弃任何一个学生。(高效)

我相信你看完上面的教学方式后一定会有自己的判断。但如果你能无所畏惧地面对自己的内心,那么你

一定会发现自己在实践中或多或少存在一些低效的做法。

九年级英语上册期末试卷

学校姓名准考证号

听力理解(共30分)

一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话你将听两遍。

(共5分,每小题1分)

1.

A.B.C.

A.

4.

A.B.C.

5.

A.B.C.

二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段

对话或独白你将听两遍。(共15分,每小题1.5分)

请听一段对话,完成第6至第7小题。

6.Whatdayisbetterfortheboytodosports?

A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.

7.Whatsportdoestheboylike?

A.Volleyball.B.Basketball.C.Tennis.

请听一段对话,完成第8至第9小题。

8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Schoollife.

B.Familymembers.

C.Peopleattheparty.

9.WhatisJennylike?

A.Sheisfriendly.

B.Sheisboring.

C.Sheisquiet.

请听一段对话,完成第10至第11小题。

10.Whatisthemangoingtobuytoday?

A.Awhitesweater.

B.AredT-shirt.

C.Ablueshirt.

11.Howmuchisthemangoingtopay?

A.$30,B.$50.C.$100.

请听一段对话,完成第12至第13小题。

12.Wheredoestheboydohisworkexperience?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Atschool.C.Inahotel.

13.Whatdoestheboythinkoftheworkexperience?

A.Goodbutabittiring.

B.Greatbuttooeasy.

C.Hardandboring.

请听一段独白,完成第14至第15小题。

14.Whatisthespeakerdoing?

A.Givingsomesuggestions.

B.Makinganintroduction.

C.Leadingaconversation.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?

A.AnInsect'sLifeisascaryfilm.

B.Wecan'twatchPolicewatchtonight.

C.ThetenniscompetitionswillstartinJuly.

三、听对话,记录关键信息,本段对话你将听两遍。(共10分,每小题2分)

请根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。

Shopassistantwanted

Where:16.Melody______Shop,HappyStreet

When:17.every______

Workhours:18.from______amto7:00pm

Whattodo:19.helpcustomersanddosome______

♦under18:£5anhour

Payment:

♦20.adults:£______anhour

知识运用(共25分)

四、单项填空(共10分,每小题1分)

从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21.ThehandsomeboyisfromClass2.nameisJohn.

A.HerB.HisC.YourD.Their

22.Wedrove5hoursandfinallygottothecitySundaymorning.

A.onB.atC.ofD.in

23.Wedidnotenjoythedaytheweatherwastoobad.

A.orB.becauseC.butD.so

24.Iknockedonthedoorbutanswered.

A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody

25.Afteralotofhardpracticehewasabletojumpmuchthanbefore.

A.highB.higherC.highestD.thehighest

26.Imyhomeworkonthecomputerwhenthepowerwentout.

A.wasdoingB.willdoC.doD.did

27.Janeisveryfriendly.Sometimessheherneighbourstopartiesattheweekend.

A.inviteB.invitesC.invitedD.willinvite

28.一Doyouknoweachother?

一Ofcourse.Wefriendsforalmosttwentyyears!

A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen

29.ManyroadsforthecomingWinterOlympicsnextyear.

A.buildB.willbuildC.arebuiltD.willbebuilt

30.—WhatdidMr.Leesayjustnow?

—Heaskedlastweek.

A.wherewehadapicnic

B.wheredidwehaveapicnic

C.wherewewillhaveapicnic

D.wherewillwehaveapicnic

五、完形填空(共15分,每小题1.5分)

阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

RunningAway

Onaverybusyday,ourfourandahalfyearoldson,JustinCarl,keptmakingtroubleagainandagain.

Afterseveraltries,myhusbandGeorgefinallytoldhimtostandinthecorner.Hedidso31hewasn't

toohappyaboutit.Finally,afterafewminutes,hesaid,*Tmgoingtorunawayfromhome."

Myfirstreaction(反应)wassurprise,andthenhiswords32me."Youare?”Ishouted.ButasI

turnedtolookathim,helookedlikeanangel,sosmall,soinnocent,withhisfacesosad.

Asmyheartfelthis33,IrememberedamomentinmyownchildhoodwhenIspokethosewords

andhowunlovedandlonelyIfelt.Hewassayingsomuchmorethanjusthiswords.Hewascrying,"Please

noticeme!Tmimportant.Pleasemakemefeelwanted,lovedand34

"OK,Justin,youcanrunawayfromhome/1Isaidtohimgentlyandstarted35outsomeclothes.

"Well,we'IIneedpajamas,yourcoat…”

“Mama,"hesaid,"whatareyoudoing?"Iputthesethingsintoabagand36itbythefront

door."Okay,Justin,ifyou'regoingtorunawayfromhome,thenMama'sgoingwithyou,becauseIwould

neverwantyoutobealone."

Weheldeachotherwhilewetalked."Whydoyouwanttocomewithme?nIlookedintohis37.

"BecauseIloveyou,Justin.Mylifewouldneverbethesameifyouwentaway.""CanDaddycome?""No,

Daddyhastostayathomewithyourbrothers,andhehastoworkand38thehousewhilewe're

gone.""CanFreddi(thedog)come?”"No,Freddihastostayhere,too."He39forawhileandsaid,

"Mama,canwestayhome?""Yes,wecan,""Mama.""Yes,Justin?”"Iloveyou,""Iloveyou,

too,honey.Howaboutyouhelpmemakesomepopcorn?""Allright."

AtthatmomentIknewthewonderfulgiftthatIhadbeengiven.Itwastheimportant40tohelp

developachild'ssenseofsecurity(安全感).IlearnedthatasamotherIshouldnever“runaway"fromthe

opportunitytoshowmychildrentheyarewanted,neededandloved.

31.A.becauseB.butC.orD.so

32.A.attractedB.interestedC.angeredD.excited

33.A.painB.surpriseC.effortD.tiredness

34.A.offeredB.servedC.helpedD.needed

35.A.workingB.pickingC.givingD.handing

36.A.placedB.tookC.cleanedD.wore

37.A.mouthB.handsC.eyesD.ears

38.A.runoutofB.lookatC.lookintoD.takecareof

39.A.laughedB.thoughtC.criedD.played

40.A.meaningB.advantageC.benefitD.responsibility

阅读理解(共50分)

六、阅读理解(共30分,每小题2分)

阅读下面的四篇短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

A

ExploreLancashireMuseums

MuseumofLancashire

MuseumofLancashireisoneofPreston'soldestbuildings.Itisyourgatewaytomore

than2000yearsofLacashire'shistory.ThismuseumishousedinthepastQuarter

SessionsHouse.

Address:StanleyStreet,Preston

ClitheroeCastleMuseum

ThemuseumstandshighonCastleHill,whichhaswatchedClitheroe'sskylineforover

800years.Ourmuseumwilltakeyouonajourneythrough350millionyearshistoryof

thelocalarea.

Address:CastleHill,Clitheroe

LancasterCityMuseum

LancasterCityMuseumishousedinGeorgianbuilding.IttellsthestoryofLancasterts

pastfromtheRomantimes.Youcanalsoseeourcollectionofpaintingsofthattime.

Address:MarketSquare,Lancaster

CottageMuseum

CottageMuseumtellsyouaboutearlyVictorianlifeandletsyoudiscovertoolsusedin

the19thcentury.

Address:15CastleHill,Lancaster

41.WhichmuseumisoneofPreston'soldestbuildings?

A.CottageMuseum.B.MuseumofLancashire.

C.LancasterCityMuseum.D.ClitheroeCastleMuseum.

42.WhereisClitheroeCastleMuseum?

A.At15CastleHill.B.AtStanleyStreet,Preston.

C.OnCastleHill,Clitheroe.D.AtMarketSquare,Lancaster.

44.YoucangotoCottageMuseumtolearnabout.

A.2000yearshistoryofLancashire

B.350millionyearshistoryofClitheroe

C.Lancaster'spastfromtheRomantimes

D.earlyVictorianlifeandtoolsfromthattime

B

In2011,KylieDunn,awriterfromAustralia,decidedtoshakeupherlife.Everymonthforayear,she

decidedtotrytwonewactivities.InFebruary2012,forexample,oneofhergoalswastoeatlessmeatfor30

days.Later,shewrotealettertoafriendorrelativeeverydayforamonth.Injust12months,shechanged

herlifeinmorethan20differentways.

DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectafterwatchingaTEDTalkbyMattCutts.Togetideasforactivities,

shewatchedhundredsofotherTEDTalks.Herfirstactivity,inNovember2011,wasinspiredbyJessi

Arrington'stalk"WearNothingNew."Dunntriedeachactivityfor30days,andthenwroteabouther

experiencesinablogcalled"MyYearofTED.n

Finally,whenherprojectwasover,DunntalkedaboutherexperiencesataTEDxconference(会议)in

Hobart,Australia.Dunn1stalkinJanuary2014inspiredotherpeopletochangetheirattitudesandtheirlives.

Beforeherproject,Dunnsays,shedidn'tthinkshehadthecouragetochangeherlife.Theprojectshowed

hershehadmorepowerthanshethought.

"PeoplewhowatchTEDTalks---endupchangingtheirviewofthefuture,"saysChrisAnderson,the

headofTED.HesaysthatTED'sgoalisn'ttomakeasinglebigchange.TED'seffectisthemillionsofstories

ofsmallchanges.PersonalchangeslikeKylieDunn'sarehappeningeveryday.Together,thesechanges

havethepowertochangethefutureinapositiveway.AsAndersonexplains,"Insteadofthinkingofthe

futureasanunstoppableforce,-■peoplecanplayapartinshapingit.”

45.WhatwasKylieDunn*sgoalinFebruary2012?

A.Tostartablog.

B.Toeatlessmeat.

C.Tomakenewfriends.

D.Towearnothingnew.

46.WhatdidKylieDunn'sprojectshowher?

A.Shehadmorepowerthanshethought.

B.ShewouldlivebetterbecauseofTEDTalks.

C.ShecouldgivegoodspeechesonTEDTalks.

D.Shecouldchangeherlifebywearingnewclothes.

47.WhatisTED'sgoalaccordingtoChrisAnderson?

A.Tomakeseriousspeeches.

B.Tomakeasinglebigchange.

C.Tomakesmallchangeseveryday.

D.Tostoppeople'slifefromchanging.

48.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.JessiArrington'sblogiscalled"MyYearofTED”.

B.KylieDunnisaheadleaderofTEDfromAustralia.

C.DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectbyChrisAnderson.

D.DunnsharedherexperiencesataTEDxconferencein2014.

C

HowlongamIgoingtolive?Nobodyreallyknowstheanswertothatquestion,butscientistsarevery

interestedintryingtounderstandthevariousfactors(因素)involved.Firstly,itdependsalotonwhatyoueat.

ThecountrywiththelongestaveragelifespanisJapan.Onaverage,womenliveto82.5yearsandmenliveto

76.2years.ScientiststhinkthatdietinJapanisamainreasonthatJapanesepeoplelivealongtime;they

usuallyeatlotsoffishandseafoodandnotmuchjunkfood.Aswellasdiet(饮食),lifestylehabitsalsoseem

tomakeadifferencetolifespan.Onaverage,marriedpeoplelivelongerthansinglepeopleandpetowners

livelongerthannon-petowners.Beingmentallyactiveanddoingphysicalexercisearealsoveryimportant

lifestylehabits.

Studiesofveryoldpeople,however,don'talwayssupportthescientifictheories.Manyoldpeopledon'

teathealthilyanddon'tdomuchexercise.JeanneCalment,theworld'soldestpersonever,certainlygoes

againstscientificideas.ShewasborninFrancein1875anddiedaged122.Didsheusetohavegoodlifestyle

habits?Well,accordingtoscientists,shehadsomeverygoodhabits:shedidplentyofphysicalexerciseand

usedtorideabicycleuntilshewas100.Shewasgoodatthinkingpositivelyandshedidn'tusetoworry

aboutthings.Scientistsaresurprised,however,byoneofherotherhabits:shedidn'tusedtoeatvery

healthily.Sheusedtoeatmorethantwopoundsofchocolateaweek.

Sothereisanotherfactorinvolvedinhowlongwelive.Scientistsnowthinkthatsomepeoplewereborn

withgenes(基因)thatprotectthemfromaginganddiseasesbetterthanotherpeople.Forexample,Jeanne

Calmentprobablyhadagenethatstoppedherfromgettingcancer(癌症)thatotherpeoplemaygetaged

fortyorfifty.Somescientistsbelievethatwecanchangeourgenesbyeatingalow-caloriediet.Experiments

withmiceshowthatwhentheyeatonethirdfewercalorieseveryday,theylivefortypercentlonger.In

humanterms,that'sthesameaslivingto170yearsold.There*snoproofthatitworksinhuman,however,

andperhapsifsbesttoenjoythedaysyou'vegotratherthanbehungryallyourlife!

49.Accordingtothepassage,lifespanisaffectedbyfactors.

A.2B.3C.4D,5

50.ScientiststhinkthatJeanneCalmentlivedthelongestprobablybecause.

A.sheusedtoeatalotofchocolate

B.shehadonlygoodhabitsinherlife

C.shedidn'tgetcancerwhenshewasfifty

D.shehadhealthygenestoprotectherself

51.Thewritermayagreethat.

A.humanswilllivefortyyearslongeriftheyeatonethirdlessjunkfood

B.beingmentallyactiveismoreimportantthanhavinghealthydiet

C.peopleshouldeatmorelow-caloriefoodtochangetheirgenes

D.sometimesenjoyinglifeismoreimportantthanlivinglonger

D

Almosttwo-thirdsofalladultsnowsurftheInternet.Wespendmoreandmoreofourtimelookingat

computerscreens.Thequestioniswhetherthisbehaviourisdrivinghumanbeingsapartorbringingus

together.WilltheInternetmaketheworldahappierorlesshappyplace?

ThesocialscientistRobertPutnamsaid,“IthinkpeoplearestillnotsureaboutwhethertheInternetis

goingtobeakindoftelephoneformakingconnectionswithotherrealpeople,oratelevision,thatisyetone

morescreeninfrontofus.I'malsodoubtfulaboutacompletevirtual(虚拟的)community-thatistheidea

youcanbebestfriendswithsomeonethatyoudon'tevenknow.”

However,allisnotlost.ResearchintheUKhasshownthatpeoplewhosurftheInternethavemore

friendsthanthosewhodonot.RobertPutnamsaysthekeyisinmixingtherealandvirtualexperience.

Thehugegrowthine-mails,blogsandmessengerserviceshascreatedahostofnewsocialnetworks

whichdefygeography.Teenagers,especially,increasinglykeepintouchwithfriendsonlinebuttheyarealso

developingnewrelationshipswithpeoplewhomayshareaninterestbutliveontheothersideoftheworld.

Anewinnovation(仓U新)isthecreationofvirtualworldswhichpromiseasociallifeinvirtualspace.

SecondLifeisanInternetcommunitywithapopulationofmorethan100,000realpeople.Eachmemberof

thecommunitycontrolsa3-dimensional

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