语法填空词性转换集中特训课件高考英语二轮复习

语法填空·词性转换高考复习专题名词、动词变为形容词part1📕一、名词、动词变为形容词1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。例如：rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,snow—snowy,health—healthy,luck—lucky等。注意：1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如：sun—sunny,fun—funny等。

2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。例如：noise—noisy,ice—icy等。

2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。例如：care—careful,thank—thankful,help—helpful,use—useful,beauty—beautiful等。📕一、名词、动词变为形容词3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese,-ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。例如：China—Chinese,Japan—Japanese,England—English,America—American,India—Indian,Australia—Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。例如：danger—dangerous等。5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。例如：friend—friendly,love—lovely等。6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词。例如：care—careless(粗心的)，use—useless(无用的)，hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)等。7.一些以-ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。例如：difference—different,silence—silent等。8.-ablecomfort-comfortablereason-reasonableWearesoproudofher.It’s_______________(wonder).【考察频次最高的adj后缀】AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal____________(globe)fertilizerconsumption.【考察频次第二高的adj后缀】…eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe____________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Runningischeap,easy,andit’salways____________(energy).Oneofthe____________(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.wonderfulglobalaffordableenergeticeffective📕一、名词、动词变为形容词动词变名词part2📕二、动词变为名词1.词形不变，词性改变。例如：work,study,water,plant等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。2.一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如：work—worker,teach—teacher,sing—singer,learn—learner,visit—visitor,invent—inventor等。注意：1)以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-r。例如：drive—driver,write—writer等。2)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er。例如：run—runner,win—winner，begin—beginner等。3.在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)。例如：meet—

meeting,build—building,swim—swimming,shop—shopping,begin—beginning等。📕二、动词变为名词4.在动词词尾加上-ment变成名词例如:achieve—achievement(成就)

amuse—amusement(娱乐)

commit(奉献)—commitmentdevelop—development(发展)govern(统治)—government(政府)

equip—equipment(装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)📕二、动词变为名词5.在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如:attract—attraction;instruct—instruction;

invent—inventiongraduate—graduation;operate—operation(去e再加"ion")compete—competition;organize—organization(把e改成其他字母再加"tion")decide—decision;conclude—conclusion(把de改为s再加"ion")permit—permission;admit—admission(把t改成ssion)describe—description描写,描绘(这是特例,不规则变化)6.在动词词尾加上-ance/-ence变成名词例如:appear—appearance(外貌;出现)

perform—performance(演出)accept—acceptance(接受)exist-existence(存在)prefer-preference(偏爱)📕二、动词变为名词7.其他一些比较特殊的变化例如:Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识)fly—flight(飞行)heat(加热)—heat(热量)hit(撞击)—hit(轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix(混合)—mixture(混合物)press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat(座位)succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/tourist(游客)Thisswitchhasdecreased______________(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_________________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.engineersmanagedtoconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)…Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe______________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.pollutioncompetitionintroduction📕二、动词变为名词·练习Iwaslookingforwardtoworkingunderher____________(guide).Whogavehim______________(permit)toleaveclassearly?Weofferfinancial_______________(assist)tostudents.

7.Ifilledinthe______________(apply)formandsentitoff.guidanceassistanceassistant×applicationapplicant×permission📕二、动词变为名词·练习形容词变为名词part3📕三、形容词变名词-ageshort→shortage不足,短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率;功效

fluent→fluency流利,流畅

accurate→accuracy准确性

private→privacy隐私,私密-domfree→freedom自由

wise→wisdom明智;智慧-encedifferent→difference差异

silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虚弱;弱点

kind→kindness仁慈,友好-thstrong→strength力气;优势warm→warmth温暖;热情-y/-ty/-ity

honest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难

safe→safety安全

disable→disability缺陷;伤残形容词变为副词part4【知识积累】1.形容词变副词的规则变化规则典型例词一般形容词变副词直接在其后加－lyquick→quickly，anxious→anxiously以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的形容词直接加－ly，以“元音字母＋e”结尾的形容词去掉e再加－lyimmediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly以“辅音字母＋le”结尾的形容词要去掉e再加－ypossible→possibly，probable→probably📕四、形容词变副词[温馨提示]

以下单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly，public→publicly，shy→shyly变化规则典型例词以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加－lyhappy→happily，healthy→healthily以－ic结尾的形容词要在其后加－allyeconomic→economically，basic→basically以－ll结尾的形容词要在其后加－yfull→fully，dull→dully📕四、形容词变副词词性转换练习词性转换题集中特训Ⅰ.专项演练解题提示：认真分析句子结构，根据所做句子成分和修饰成分，确定词性转换的形式。1.(2023·永州二模)Theyaregoodrunnersandcanrunforseveralhoursincoldweatherconditions,sotheycansometimesescapefrom____________(wolf),theirmainpredators(捕食者),easily.2.(2023·赤峰期末)Heused____________(shade)ofwhite,grey,andbrownfortheboat,makingitlookalmostlikeaghostship.wolvesshades📕五、词性转换练习3.(2023·合肥一模)Thediseaseisundoubtedlyaserioussocialchallenge,butifweallcontributeandbehave____________(responsible),itisonethatwecanovercome.4.(2023·武汉部分学校联考)Therehavebeensomeproblemsbut____________(basic)it’sagoodsystem.5.(2023·长郡中学高三模拟)Fromthatyear,teenagerswillbecomeadultsattheageof18,twoyears____________(early)thantheageatwhichadulthoodcurrentlylegallyhappens.6.(2023·聊城高三模拟)Withinadecade,roboticsurgeonsmaybeabletoperformoperationsmuchmore____________(reliable)thananyhuman.responsiblybasicallyearlierreliably📕五、词性转换练习7.(2023·南京高三调研)Thedifferencesbetweentheupper,middleandlowerreachesoftherivershouldbe____________(full)considered,becausetheYellowRiverecosystemisanorganicwhole.8.(2023·石家庄高三质检)Igavehimaquickhugandwentbackintotheseatingarea,leavinghimwitha____________(surprise)smile.Isettleddowninthedarkness,andthecurtainsopened.9.(2023·合肥一模)“Makingcoinswasoneofthegreatestfinancial____________(activity)inhumanhistory，”saidresearchers，addingthatitallowedwealthtobetradedeasily.fullysurprisedactivities📕五、词性转换练习10.(2023·衡水中学二调)AnumberofOlympichigh____________(technology)havebeenappliedforthefirsttimeinBeijingtoensureitsgoalofcarbonneutrality.11.(2023·河北名校3月联考)Idisagreewithbothoftheseopinions.Ithinkthathomeworkisanimportantfactorina____________(student)education.12.(2023·长郡中学高三上学期考试)Mykidshadneverbeen_________________(interested)inmyjobthanwhenIwasontheBeiBeibeat.13.(2023·济南高三模拟)Verticalgardeningisn’tnew,butanexamplefromIndiashowshowthisinventivetechniqueis____________(true)changinglives.technologiesstudent’smoreinterestedtruly📕五、词性转换练习14.(2023·临沂高三一模)Withtherising__________________(popular)ofthesport,moreyoungChinesearegettinginvolved.15.(2023·鹤岗高三上学期考试)Thesonstartedthese____________(amaze)tripswithhisfatherbecausethefathergotcancer—aseriou