中考一轮复习之宾语从句（教师版）

宾语从句精讲精练宾语从句概念宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。宾语从句分类动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句；形容词的宾语从句宾语从句成分分析Rosesaidshewouldvisitussometimenextweek.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。主句从句(宾语从句)Couldyoutellmewhereheisfrom?你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？主句从句(宾语从句)包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句三要素考点1：引导词的选用【1】陈述句的引导词that引导的宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。①IamgoingtomeetmynetfriendsinGuangzhou.Hesaid.→HesaidthathewasgoingtomeethisnetfriendsinGuangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。②Iwillgotothecollegethenextyear.Hetoldme.→Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.他告诉我他下一年上大学.【2】一般疑问句的引导词whether/if引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟ornot；if/whether(是否)①Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldliketoplaybasketballwithhim.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。②Isitafasttrainoraslowlyone?Iwantedtoknow.→Iwantedtoknowwhetheritwasafasttrainoraslowlyone.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①介词后一般不用if②whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.③避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if.④在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。【3】特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词在从句中主要充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。*Doyouknowwhohaswonthisgame?你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗?*Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你该依靠谁.*ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.*Idon'tbelievewhateverhesaid.无论他说什么我都不信。*I'llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.请想要这票，我就把它给谁。连接副词：when,where,why,how等.连接副词在从句中主要充当状语Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.形容词的宾语从句引导宾语从句的形容词:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketshavebeensoldout.我发现所有的票都卖光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.介词的宾语从句用wh类的介词宾语从句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.考点2：语序(宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词在主语之后）即：陈述句结构（主+谓+连接词+主+谓+其他成分）MaryknewthatTompassedthefinalexamlastweek.(主语)(谓语)(连接词)(主语)(谓语)(宾语)(其他成分)HeaskedJane:“Whydon’tyoue”?疑问语序(第1动词don’t在主语you之前)HeaskedJanewhyshedidn’telastnight.他问简恩为什么昨晚她不来。陈述语序(第1动词didn’t在主语you之后)特殊：引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.我想知道你怎么啦。Jackaskedmewhowouldgiveusthelecturethisafternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。(who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词wouldgive的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)习题：判断下列句子哪些是正确语序？Idon’tknowwheresheis.()Idon’tknowwhereisshe.()Ican’tdecidewhenwillshee.()Ican’tdecidewhenshewille.()Doyouunderstandwhyshecries.()Doyouunderstandwhydoesshecry?()考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）(1)主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。“Johnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohnspeakshighlyofme.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells,是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)(2)主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。“Whenshallwehavethemeeting?”Theboyasked.→Theboyaskedwhentheyshouldhavethemeeting.(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should)Hetoldmehewasgoodatplayingbasketball.(他和我说，他很擅长打篮球。)Shesaidshewasworkingintheofficethattime.(她说她当时正在办公室工作。)(3)从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldthestudents.→Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。(主句用told为一般过去时，但从句中theearthgoesaroundthesun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时)Theearthmovesroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。Twoandtwomakesfour.二加二等于四。Theteachertolduslighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。（请注意宾语从句）宾语从句答题技巧(逐步排除法)1.先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定Everyonewantedtoknow_____yesterday.Couldyoutellus,Ann?Bybus.Itwastoofaraway.A.howoldareyouB.whereyouwillgoC.howyouwentthereD.whyyouwerelate先从语序判断，把A给排除了，再用时态去求证，主句用wanted，是一般过去时，从句该用过去的某种时态，从这一点考虑，把B给排除了，用引导词及意思判断，她的答语是Bybus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2.Couldyoutellme________?Justgostraight.It’sonyourright.A.wherethepostofficeisB.whereisthepostofficeC.wherethepostofficewasD.wherewasthepostoffice本题主要考查宾语从句的语序和时态。我们可以从语序或者时态入手。从时态的角度来说，虽然主句couldyoutellme的情态动词是could，但是could在此只是为了表达更加委婉的语气，和一般过去时无关，而且从语意上讲，很显然问话人想知道现在邮局在哪儿，故排除C、D两项，在A、B两项中选择；再从语序来看，宾语从句应该用陈述语序，符合的选项为A，故本题的正确答案为A。3.DoyouknowtheCapitalMuseum?NextMonday.A.whentheywillvisit B.whenwilltheyvisitC.whendidtheyvisit D.whentheyvisited本题主要考查宾语从句的语序和时态。我们可以从语序或者时态入手。从语序方面来说，只有A、D两项正确，排除B、C两项；由时态标志词nextMonday可以看出正确答案为A。课堂练习题根据句意，填写合适的连接词。1.Couldyoutellme________you'llgotoParis?Nextmonth.2.Areyougoingcampingthisafternoon?Atyphoonising.I'mnotsure_____theroadtothemountainswillbeclosed.3.Lookatthestonebridge!Doyouknow________itwasbuilt?—Inthe1860s.Itisquiteold.4.Whenyousetoutonyournewjourney,youshouldn'tforget________youcamefrom.5.Idon'tknow________hewilleornotthisafternoon.6.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_____________Icanbuysomethingtoeat?Thereisasupermarketahead.7.Mom,Iwonder______wecantravelabroad.—Maybeaftertheexam,baby.8.Shesaid_______________herauntlivedinShanghai.9.Didyouknow_______________Peterwas?Areporter.10.Hewassurprisedat_______________yousaidtohimyesterdayafternoon.11.Icouldn'tunderstand________________mywifewassoangry.12.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______IcangettotheMuseumofNaturalHistory?TakeNo.8Bus.13.I'mcallingtoknow__________thereisanyfoodleftintherefrigerator.Holdtheline,please.Letmehavealook.14.Doyouknow__________thefootballmatchwillbegin?It'llstartat9:00a.m.15.Myfathertoldmelight__________(travel)muchfasterthansound.参考答案：1.when2.if3.when4.where5.whether6.where7.when8.that9.what10.what11.why12.how13.if14.when15.travels二、填空题：用括号里的单词正确形式填空。1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearhe__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey__________at