初中英语语法

一、定冠词与不定冠词的基本用法

彳列：Tomhashonestface,and,infact,henevertellsliesorplaystrickson

others.

A.aB.anC.theD./

1、不定冠词a,an

Thereisasheepunderthetree.

Hehasfivemealsaday.

Adogisausefulanimal.

Sheisgoingtoreadabook.

2、定冠词

DoyouknowtheHimalayas?

Xiangziisthemostunluckyman.

Wangmengistheonlyrunnerwhohasbrokentheschoolrecord.

Tom,passmethesalt.

Hehasadog.ThedogiscalledAla

Themoonismuchsmallerthantheearth.

3、如何区分aan

A用于辅音音素前，An用于元音音素前。

元音字母并非音素useful,university,European

辅音字母并非一定辅音honest,hour

改错练习：1、HeisaEuropeanandheisahonestboy.

2.Heiswritingletters.Look!Thisisan"U"

4、不定冠词的特殊用法

用于and连接的两个名词前，如果分别加冠词，表示两个人或者物，反之则

表示一个人或者物。

Ateacherandasingerareridingahorse.一位老师和一个歌手同骑一匹马。

Ateacherandsingeriscomingtoourschool.一位老师兼歌手要来我们学校

5、定冠词the特殊电法

加在姓氏前，表示一家人，theGreens

乐器前面用the修饰，运动前面不用playthepianoplayfootball

7、什么时候不用冠词？

表示学科、球类、三餐

IoftenreviewEnglishafterdinner.

颜色、语言、国家

TheboyfromKorealikesred.

特殊称谓

ProfessorzhangisgoingtoMounttai.

8.有无冠词的意思不同

Atschoolattheschool

Attableatthetable

Gotoschoolgototheschool

Inbedinthebed

Inclassintheclass

练习：1、-whatisinyourbag?

——ThereisEnglishbookinit.

2.——DoyouknowuniversitystudentwhoistalkingwithJoe?

——Yes,sheismycousin,Kate.

3.Thereisartroomandaballinthebuilding.

A.aB.anC.theD.\

4.Drma,ORBISdoctor,hasdonesoimportantjobthatmanypeopleare

gratefultohim.

A.a;aB.a;anC.an;aD.an;an

5.——whatdoyouthinkofSally?

——whatoutgoinggirlsheis!Sheisneverafraidtospeakinpublic.

A.a;\B.an;\C.an;aD.an;a

6.womaninapurpleskirtisBetty'smother.

A.theB.AC.AnDA

7.Hegavemysisterusefulbookyesterday.

A.anB.aCA

8.Inmyfamilyrules,Ihavetobe(在床上睡觉)byten

二、时间介词in,on,at

atv天(eg.noon,dawn,night,one'clock)

on=天(Monday,30thJune,NewYear'sDay,Mother'sDay)

in>天(2008,summer,April,还有早午晚)

示彳列Iwillmeetyoujustoutsideataquartertoeight.

Flowerscomeoutinspring

Heoftenexercisesinthemorning

Thisaccidenthappenedonacoldmorning

注意：

1)早午晚前后如有修饰语则用“on”

OnMondaymorning

Onasunnyafternoon

OnthemorningofMay23rd

Onadarknight

2)on,in,at不用于下列时间之前：this,that,last,next,every,each,today,

yesterday,tomorrow,tonight

3)in+一段时间可以表“…之后”

Eg:Hurry!Theschoolbuswillleaveinfiveminutes

Iwillseemygrandparentsinafewdays.

练习：don'tgooutthedark

Themeetingbegan9o'clock

HecametheeveningofMay1.

专题练习

Mrs.Greencametochina1996

Pleasecallme21:00

Wewillfinishtheworkanhour

ShegoeshomeChristmas

YoucancomeMondaymorning

Wecanmakeasnowmansummer

Theoldmanlefthishometowntheageofeight

HewasbomthenightofOctober22nd

Teachersfeelhappyteachers”day

Thisaccidenthappenedthenineteenthcentury

2、方位介词：

1)at和in

in大地点＞town

at小地点＜town

eg.:intownatbusstation

inBeijingatschool

inUSA

2)on表示在物体表面上eg:onthetable,onthewall

注意：1)onthetree长在树上Thereisanappleonthetree.

inthetree呆在树上Thereisabirdinthetree.

2)onthewall挂在墙上Thereisapictureonthewall.

inthewall嵌在强中Thereisawindowinthewall.

三、非谓语动词

1)只能跟动名词的动词短语；lookforwardto、spendsometimedoing、feellike>

can'thelp、bebusy>begoodat、beusedtodongingsth.(习惯做某事)等

例句;WealllookforwardtoseeingLiWenherself.我们都渴望看到李坟本人。

MissMaisusedtogettingupearly.马老师习惯早起。

2)只能跟动名词的动词：enjoy>Practice>Keep、report、regret>suggest>

miss>finsh^mind>continue等

例句:HeconsideredgoingtoseePaulinperson.他决定亲自去看保罗。

3)What/Howaboutdoing...?用于提出建议，意思是”...怎么样

------Howaboutsearchingtheforest,Shrek?史莱克，到森林里找找怎么样？

------Godidea.好主意。

练习：Theboysaregoodat(play)cards?

Helookedforwardto(see)yousoon.

Hesaidthatheenjoyed(live)here.

Weareusedto(exercise)inthemorning.

Theykepther(study)foralongtime.

Howabout(swim)inalake?

2、某些动词后接不定式和动名词时意义有什么不同

1)remembertodosth.,rememberdoingsth.

remembertodosth.指“记住去做某事”，表示还未做某事。

例句:Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.离开房间时记住关灯

rememberdoingsth.指“记得曾做过橐事”，表示事情已经做过。

例句：Iremembergivingyourbookback.我记得已还给你书了。

2)forgettodosth.,forgetdoingsth.

forgettodosth.表示“忘记去做某事”，意为尚未做某事；

forgetdoingsth.表示“忘记做过某事”，意为自己做过某事，但已经忘了

例句;Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.你走时,别忘了关灯

例句:Iforgetpostingthisletter.我忘了已经把信发了。

3)stoptodosth.;stopdongingsth.

Stop后接不定式，表示停止正做的事而去做另一件事。

例句：Theystoppedtolisten,buttherewasnothing.

他们停下来听，但是什么也没有

Stop后接动名词，表示停止正在做的动作。

例句：whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedmakingnoise.

老师走进教室时，学生们停止了吵闹。

4)trytodosth.;trydoingsth.

Trytodosth.表示努力或试图完成某个动作或达到某种目的，具有主观意愿，

含无法完成之意。意为“努力(试图)做某事”

例句：Hetrytoclimbupthetree,buthecouldnot.他试图爬上那棵树,但不成。

Trydoingsth.意为试鲁做某事。

例句:Hetriedturninghiskeyinthelockandthedoorwasopened.

他试着在锁里转了下钥匙，门被打开了。

4)see/hear/watch/noticesb.dosth.,see/hear/watch/noticesbdoingsth.

前一种用法表示do这一动作的全过程，省略不定式符号to；后一种用法表示

do这一动作在进行。

例句：Didyouseeawomangointothathotel?你看见一个妇女进了那个宾馆吗？

Inoticedanuglymanstealingmypurse.

我注意到一个丑陋的男人在偷我的钱包。

练习：Pleaseremember(close)thedoorwhenyouleave.

Don'tforget(post)theletterformeassoonasyougettothepost

office.

Theteacheriscoming.Pleasestop(talk)!

Itried(swim)intheriver.Oh,theriverisn'tdeep.

Writingspendstoomuch.Let'sgoon(read)thetext.