2023-2024学年广东省东莞市七校联考高二年级下册5月月考英语试卷含详解

东莞市2023-2024学年第二学期七校联考试卷

高二英语

（本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟）

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）

第一节听力理解（两段共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）

共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中给的A、B、C三

个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

听第1段对话，回答第1〜2题。

1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.B.Husbandandwife.C.Hostessandguest.

听第2段对话，回答第3〜5题。

3.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.

B.Howtodealwithartists.

C.Howtorunamuseum.

4.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Heservedinthearmy.

B.Hestudiedatacollege.

C.Heworkedinagallery.

5.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandt9s.B.Botticelli's.C.Rubens9.

第二节听取信息（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）

听下面一段独白。请从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息,填入答题卡标号为6~10的空格中。听录音

前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。

InformationonTimeAbroad

Establishmentofthe

Foundedon67th,2000,inUK.

Company

BusinessoftheCompanyOfferoverseasvolunteerservice.

Thereare_____7full-timeworkers,whoareexperiencedinfieldsofcommunity

StaffinService

developmentandeducation.

Assistthelocalteacherswith8.

Volunteering

Volunteerin9topromotefoodsources.

Opportunities

Helptreat10.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分37.5分）

第一节（共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

2022TourDetails

7-DayTourfromLondontoEdinburgh

ALondonGuidewillshowyouthecity'sfamouslandmarkslikeBuckinghamPalace,DowningStreetand

WestminsterAbbey.Then,inEdinburgh,youlltourthecastleandseeScotland'sCrownJewels.Fromthehistoricalsightsto

thebeautifulscenery,thisguidedtourofEnglandandScotlandisagreatwaytoexperienceeverythingBritainhastooffer.

Startingat:$849

9-DayTourfromDublintoLondon

YourguidedtourofIrelandandBritainbeginsinthecapitalcityofDublin.Enjoyseeingthe“FairCity“including

thestatue-linedohO'ConnellStreet,TrinityCollegeandSt.Patrick'sCathedral.Yourlocalguidewillshowyouthefamous

sights,includingtheHousesofParliament,BigBen,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace.Thisguidedtourof

IrelandandBritainisawelcomeescapewithfewercrowdsandlowercoststhanhigh-seasontours.

Startingat:$1,069

7-DayTourfromLondontoParis

YourguidedvacationinLondonbeginswithawelcomedinnerandacruiseontheThamesRivertoadmiretheTower

BridgeandtheHousesofParliament.You'llspendthreenightsinLondontoseethesitsofthishistoriccity-fromBigBen

toBuckinghamPalace,andalsoSt.Pail'sCathedral.Thenyou'llenjoya3-nightstayinParis.Thisincludessightseeingat

theArcdeTriomphe,ConcordeSquare,clamps-Elysees,andashinecruise.ThisguidedtourofLondonandParisis

certaintobeenjoyablewithfewercrowdsintheoff-season!

Startingat:$1,149

1.Howmuchwouldthe7-daytourfromLondontoEdinburghcostacoupleatleast?

A.$849.B.$1,149.C.$1,698.D.$2,138.

2.Whichplacecanyouvisitifyoutakethe9-daytourfromDublintoLondon?

A.TrinityCollege.B.DowningStreet.C.TheThamesRiver.D.ConcordeSquare.

3.Whatdothethreetourshaveincommon?

A.Theycoverthesamenumberofsights.B.TheyallbegininthecapitalcityofLondon.

C.Theytakepeoplethesameamountoftime.D.TheyallincludeavisittoBuckinghamPalace.

Humansareborntocompetewithoneanother.Peoplecomparehowmanyulikes^^theyhaveonsocialmedia.Billionaires

envymultibillionaires.ThelegendaryNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardtoncestated,"'Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser.^^

Althoughthecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair,itdoesnotalwaysleadtohumanprosperity（繁荣,

成功）.Onthecontrary,leftunmanaged,itcancreatemiseryforourselvesandothers.Fortunately,thereisaformulatosolve

thisproblemwithoutunrealisticallysuggestingthatweentirelydispensewithourcompetitiveurge:Insteadofalwaysgoing

forgold,shootforthebronze.

ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt,althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinner

一atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity（长寿）.Recentresearchsuggestedthatthebronzewinnersappeared

consistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Regardingthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories,itwasfound

thattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyasolidfouryears,livingto76.But

firstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists,wholivedto78.

Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdistinction:"Dissatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmaybadlyaffecthealth.^^

Inotherwords,silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheyonlylookuptothetopstep,whereasthebronze

winnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodium（领奖台）atall.

Oneoftheproblemswithmostcompetitionsagainstothersisthatittendstolowerone'sinnermotivation,andthus

enjoyment.Decadesago,researchersshowedthisbyaskingpeopletosolvepuzzlesandthenmeasuringtheinterestthey

reported.Theyfoundthepuzzleslessrewardingwhencompetingagainstothersratherthanagainsttheclock.Simplyhaving

atimelimitmeanscompetingagainstthemselves一whichisoftenmorefun.Theprincipleatworkhereisthattryingto

improveyourownpastperformanceprovidesasensenotof"winning“butofprogress.Andtheonlypersontowhomyou

willhavetocompareyourselfisyou.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"'dispensewith“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Stickto.B.Dependon.C.Getridof.D.Takechargeof.

5.Inwhichsituationwillpeoplebemostlikelytofeelgoodaboutthemselves?

A.Treatcompetitionsasallornothing.

B.Aimtooutperformothersincompetitions.

C.Checkoutothers'victoriesonsocialmedia.

D.Comparethemselveswiththoselessfortunate.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AlwaysGoingforGoldB.TheVictoryofCominginThird

CFindingSatisfactioninComparisonD.SecondPlaceisJusttheFirstLoser

C

ApairofresearcherswithLeibnizUniversityofHannoverhasdemonstratedthemeansbywhichrobotsmightbe

programmedtoexperiencesomethingsimilartopaininanimals.Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek'sIEEE

InternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowed

howpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathad

beenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.

Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehnsaysdoing

soisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain."Painisasystemthatprotectsus,“saysKuehn.

“Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt."Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbecome

smartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthe

sourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythosein

heavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.

Theyhavetestedoutsomeoftheirideasusingaroboticarmwithafingertipsensorthatcandetectpressureand

temperature.Itusesarobot-tissuepatch（4、片）modeledonhumanskintodecidehowmuchpainshouldbefeltandthus

whatactiontotake.Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,andthenreturnstoits

originaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilitcangethelpfromahuman

operator.

Suchrobotsarelikelytoraiseahostofquestions,ofcourse,iftheybecomemorecommon——ifarobotactsthesame

wayahumandoeswhentouchingahotplate,arewetobelieveitistrulyexperiencingpain?Onlytimewilltellofcourse,

butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin'sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehuman-likethanever.

7.Whatdowelearnabouttherobotsinthedemonstration?

A.Theycanlearnskillslikeanimals.B.Theycancommunicatewithpeople.

C.Theyhavetheabilitytofeelpain.D.Theyresponddifferentlytorequests.

8.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thesignificanceofteachingrobotstofeelpain.

B.Theprincipleofrobots5avoidanceofinjuries.

C.Theanalysisoftheartificialrobotnervoussystem.

D.Thevalueofprotectinghumanworkersfrominjury.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?

A.Therobotissmartenoughtocarryoutdifferenttasks.

B.Therobotcanhardlyworkaswellasahumanoperator.

C.Therobotcanreactdifferentlybasedondegreesofpain.

D.Therobotistolerantofchangesofpressureandtemperature.

10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardKuehnandHaddadin'sstudy?

A.Dismissive.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Optimistic.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项

中有两项为多余选项。

HowtoExerciseinaNewWay

Gethealthywiththesebite-sizedamountsofexercises

Whatshouldpeopledowhentheycan'tfindthetimeordesiretodoalongworkout?11

Exercisesnacks（“零食式”运动）areapopularandinventivenewwayforpeopletostayfit.Insteadofrequiring

hoursatthegym,thisconceptinstructsyoutokeepitshort.12Thenyoucantakeabreakthatlasts30minutesto

fourhoursbeforeanothersnack.Ithasbeenreportedthatexercisesnackscanbeaseffectiveastraditionalexercisemethods.

Ofcoursethemoreofthesebriefexercisesyoucompleteinaday,thebetter.Justthreeexercisesnacksadaythatgets

yourheartpumpingcanbegoodforyourhealth.13Yourconcentrationandcreativityimprove,andyoucan

becomemoreproductive.Also,66snacking^^throughoutthedaypreventsyoufromsittingtoolong-somethingthafs

alwayspositive.

Anothergreatthingaboutexercisesnacksisthattherearesomanytochoosefrom.Thegoalistospendashorttime

doingsomethingthatraisesyourheartrate.Acceptableactivitiesrangefromsitupstojumpingropetorunningupanddown

somestairs.14

•Exercisesthatarestrength-basedsuchasliftingweightswillfitthebill.Sincemostpeopledon'tkeepweightsattheir

office,liftfullwaterbottles.

•Squatsinvolvemovingyourhipsasiftositdownwhilekeepingyourbackstraight.Thisexercisehelpsstrengthen

yourlowerbodyandimproveyourmovement.Fivetotenoftheseshouldmakeagoodsnack.

•Forthosewhodon'tliketraditionalexercises,simplyturnupthemusic.Pickalivelysongandstartdancing;if11

makeforafunworkout.

15

A.Itdoesn'ttakeuptoomuchyourtime.

B.Theyshouldbreakthat"largemeaF,intoexercise"snacks.”

C.Andthereareplentyofotherbenefitsbeyondimprovedfitness.

DTheseexercisescanlastanywherefrom20secondstotwominutes.

E.Considergivingexercisesnacksatry,andseeiftheyaretoyourtaste.

F.Theyshouldconstantlyremindthemselvesoftheimportanceofexercises.

G.Butforthosewhodon'tknowwheretostart,herearesomehelpfulexerciseoptions.

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分37.5分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ItwasaSundaymorningonasubwayinNewYork.Peopleweresitting16,creatingacalm,peaceful

scene.Then17,amanandhischildrenenteredthesubwaycar.Thechildrenwereso18andactivethat

thewhole19ofthecarinstantlychanged.

Themansatdownnexttomeandclosedhiseyes,obviously20ofthesituation.Thechildrenwereyelling

andthrowingthings,andyet,themansittingnexttomedidnothing.

Itwasdifficultnottofeel21.1couldn,tbelievethathewas22hischildrentorunwildlikethat,

andwastakingno23atall.Itwaseasytoseethateveryoneelseonthesubwayfeltannoyed.

Sofinally,Iturnedtohimandsaid,“Sir,yourchildrenarereally24alotofpeople.Couldyoucontrolthema

littlemore?”

Themanliftedhisgaze（凝视）andsaidsoftly,Oh,you'reright;IguessIshoulddosomethingaboutit.Wejustcame

fromthehospitalwheretheirmother25aboutanhourago.Idon'tknowwhattothink,andIguesstheydon't

knowhowto26iteither.

Canyou27whatIfeltatthatmoment?Suddenly,Isawthingsdifferently;myangerwasgone.Myheart

wasfilledwiththeman's28.Now,insteadoffrustration（沮丧），feelingsof29filledmyheart.

“Yourwifejustdied?Oh,I'msosorry.WhatcanIdotohelp?”

Everything30inaninstant.

16.A.nervouslyB.quietlyC.seriouslyD.patiently

17.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.carefullyD.immediately

18.A.happyB.cuteC.loudD.funny

19.A.moodB.viewC.conditionD.position

20.A.afraidB.tiredC.proudD.unaware

21.A.worriedB.discouragedC.annoyedD.ashamed

22.A.expectingB.allowingC.warningD.guiding

23.A.risksB.notesC.effectD.responsibility

24.A.supportingB.embarrassingC.disturbingD.attracting

25.A.returnedB.workedC.diedD.stayed

26.A.understandB.describeC.denyD.handle

27.A.expressB.imagineC.predictD.remember

28.A.painB-joyC.courageD.faith

29.A.reliefB.trustC.freedomD.sympathy

30.A.restoredB.changedC.settledD.ended

第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）

根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将

答案填写在答题卡标号为41-50的相应位置。

31.Whenarobofsbehaviorconflictstheordersgivenbyhumanbeings,itwillposeathreattohuman

existence.（用适当的词填空）

32.Despitefacingthoseexperienced（opponent）,Alex'spassionforthegamehelpedhimadvancethrough

theranks.（所给词适当形式填空）

33.Listtheprosandcons,you'llmakeabetterdecision.（用适当的词填空）

34.Withseveralideas（bounce）aroundinhismind,hecouldn'twaittosharethemwithus.（所给词的适当

形式填空）

35.Tooursurprise,wasonceasmallfishingvillagehasturnedintoamodemcity.（用适当的词填空）

36.ThepopulationinCalifornia（explode）overthepastfewyearsandthestateisfacedwithgreatchallenges.

（所给词的适当形式填空）

37.Dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakequitedifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.（用适当

的词填空）

38.Aseriesofhands-onclassesaredesignedforstudents（acquire）thenecessarylifeskills.（所给词的适当

形式填空）

39.Moredatashouldbeanalyzedbeforeyoucancometoconclusion.（用适当的词填空）

40.Inthestudy,participantswillbe（random）assignedtotwogroups.（所给词的适当形式填空）

第四部分写作（共三节，满分55分）

第一节句子考查（第51-55小题每空0.5分，第56~58小题每题3分，满分15分）

根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。

41.Itisatoughjobtolearnthepiano,（更不用说）thedailyroutineofpractice.（根据

汉语提示完成句子）

42.Georgedoesn'tappreciatewhathehasandit（认为理所当然）.（根据汉语提示完

成句子）

43.Theexhibitionsponsoredbythelocalgovernment（结果是）tobeagreatsuccess.（根据汉语

提示完成句子）

44.Thetrafficissuenotonlyaffectsourdailylife,butitalsoputspeople'slivesatrisk.（用作”装句改写）

Notonlythetrafficissueourdailylife,butitalsoputspeople'slivesatrisk.

45.DongguanislocatedinthePearlRiverDelta.Itcoversanareaofabout2465squarekilometers.（用分词合并句子）

inthePearlRiverDelta,Dongguananareaofabout2,465squarekilometers.

46.Wearemakinggreateffortstocallonpeopletomakecontributionstoruraleducation.（改为被动语态）

47.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery.Ithinkthisdiscoveryisofgreatimportancetoscience.

—（改写复合句）

48.令我们自豪的是，中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就。（用名词性从句翻译）（汉译英）

第二节应用文写作（满分15分）

49.假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友William对学校开展的研学旅游活动很感兴趣。他来信希望你能给他推荐一个

研学城市。请你给他回信，内容包括：

1.推荐研学的城市；

2.推荐理由；

3.表示祝愿。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearWilliam,

Yours,

LiHua

第三节读后续写（满分25分）

50.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“ThisRadioTwo.Thisistheoneo'clocknews.AshewolfescapedfromtheDorfordZoothismorningandisbelieved

tobestillatlargeintheDorfordarea.Ifhungrythewolfmightbedangerous.Ifanyoneseesthisanimal,pleaseinformthe

nearestpolice-station.^^

Mrs.Clarkeswitchedtheradiooff:shewantedtomakehermiddylunchbeforeherbabywokeup.Shepushedthe

pram（婴儿车）intothegarden,leftitunderatreeoutofthesunandwentintothekitchen.

Thenminuteslatershecametothebackdoortoseeifeverythingwasallright.Abigdogwasstandingbythepram

lookingatthebaby."That'stheJohnson'sdog.Fvetoldthemtheyoughttokeepthatgreatanimalintheirowngarden.Those

dogsareabittoomuchlikewolves/ThenMrs.Clarkewentcold/'Wolves.WhathaveIheardaboutwolves?,,Shewassure

shehadheardsomethingaboutanescapedwolfontheradio.Shelookedhardatthecreaturebythepram-andthemoreshe

lookedthemorecertainshebecame.ltwasn'tthedogfromnextdoor.Likeit,butdifferent.ltwasasbigasthedog,butthe

colorwasgreyeranditlookedthinner.

Atthismomentthecreatureputitsfrontlegsonthesideofthepramandlookedatthesleepingbaby,lickingits

face.Thebabywokeupandbegantocryquietly.

Mrs.Clarkewantedtoscream,butsheknewitwouldbewrongtodothat.Whatshouldshedo?"Informthepolice,9,the

radiohadsaid.Butthatmeantleavingthegardenandgoingtothetelephonenearthefrontdoor.Shewassurethatsomehow

shemustgetthewolfawayfromtheprom.Thesherememberedthepieceofmeatshehadbought.ltwasonthekitchen

table.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Veryquietlysheslippedintothekitchenandcamebackwiththemeat.

Holdingthebabytoherinthekitchen,shetelephonedthepolice.

听力答案：1-5ABABC6.November/Nov.7.1538.languageteaching9.farming10.sickanimals

东莞市2023-2024学年第二学期七校联考试卷

高二英语

（本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟）

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分37.5分）

第一节（共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

2022TourDetails

7-DayTourfromLondontoEdinburgh

ALondonGuidewillshowyouthecity'sfamouslandmarkslikeBuckinghamPalace,DowningStreetand

WestminsterAbbey.Then,inEdinburgh,you'lltourthecastleandseeScotland'sCrownJewels.Fromthehistoricalsightsto

thebeautifulscenery,thisguidedtourofEnglandandScotlandisagreatwaytoexperienceeverythingBritainhastooffer.

Startingat:$849

9-DayTourfromDublintoLondon

YourguidedtourofIrelandandBritainbeginsinthecapitalcityofDublin.Enjoyseeingthe“FairCity“including

thestatue-linedohO'ConnellStreet,TrinityCollegeandSt.Patrick'sCathedral.Yourlocalguidewillshowyouthefamous

sights,includingtheHousesofParliament,BigBen,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace.Thisguidedtourof

IrelandandBritainisawelcomeescapewithfewercrowdsandlowercoststhanhigh-seasontours.

Startingat:$1,069

7-DayTourfromLondontoParis

YourguidedvacationinLondonbeginswithawelcomedinnerandacruiseontheThamesRivertoadmiretheTower

BridgeandtheHousesofParliament.You'llspendthreenightsinLondontoseethesitsofthishistoriccity-fromBigBen

toBuckinghamPalace,andalsoSt.Pail'sCathedral.Thenyou'llenjoya3-nightstayinParis.Thisincludessightseeingat

theArcdeTriomphe,ConcordeSquare,clamps-Elysees,andashinecruise.ThisguidedtourofLondonandParisis

certaintobeenjoyablewithfewercrowdsintheoff-season!

Startingat:$1,149

1.Howmuchwouldthe7-daytourfromLondontoEdinburghcostacoupleatleast?

A.$849.B.$1,149.C.$1,698.D.$2,138.

2.Whichplacecanyouvisitifyoutakethe9-daytourfromDublintoLondon?

A.TrinityCollege.B.DowningStreet.C.TheThamesRiver.D.ConcordeSquare.

3.Whatdothethreetourshaveincommon?

A.Theycoverthesamenumberofsights.B.TheyallbegininthecapitalcityofLondon.

C.Theytakepeoplethesameamountoftime.D.TheyallincludeavisittoBuckinghamPalace.

【答案】l.C2.A3.D

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了旅行社提供的三个旅游设计方案。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。由第一个小标题的内容“Startingat:$849（起价：849美元）”可知，一个人849,夫妻两人1698。故

选C项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。由第二个小标题的内容“YourguidedtourofIrelandandBritainbeginsinthecapitalcityofDublin.Enjoy

seeingthe"FairCity"includingthestatue-linedohO'ConnellStreet,TrinityCollegeandSt.Patrick'sCathedral.（您的爱

尔兰和英国导览游从首都都柏林开始。欣赏“美丽的城市”，包括雕像林立的奥康奈尔街、三一学院和圣帕特里

克大教堂）”可知，这个旅游路线可以参观TrinityCollege。故选A项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。由第—个小标题的内容“ALondonGuidewillshowyouthecity'sfamouslandmarkslikeBuckingham

Palace,DowningStreetandWestminsterAbbey.（伦敦指南将向您展示这座城市的著名地标，如白金汉宫、唐宁街和

威斯敏斯特教堂）”和第二个小标题的内容Yourlocalguidewillshowyouthefamoussights,includingtheHousesof

Parliament,BigBen,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace.（您当地的导游会带您参观著名的景点，包括国会大

厦、大本钟、威斯敏斯特教堂和白金汉宫）”和第三个小标题的内容^You'llspendthreenightsinLondontoseethe

sitsofthishistoriccity-fromBigBentoBuckinghamPalace,andalsoSt.PaiFsCathedral.（您将在伦敦度过三个晚上，

参观这座历史悠久的城市一一从大本钟到白金火腿宫，以及圣帕伊尔大教堂）”可知，这三个旅游规划都能参观

BuckinghamPalaceo故选D项。

B

Humansarebomtocompetewithoneanother.Peoplecomparehowmany“likes“theyhaveonsocialmedia.Billionaires

envymultibillionaires.ThelegendaryNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardtoncestated,"'Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser.^^

Althoughthecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair,itdoesnotalwaysleadtohumanprosperity（繁荣，

成功）.Onthecontrary,leftunmanaged,itcancreatemiseryforourselvesandothers.Fortunately,thereisaformulatosolve

thisproblemwithoutunrealisticallysuggestingthatweentirelydispensewithourcompetitiveurge:Insteadofalwaysgoing

forgold,shootforthebronze.

ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt,althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinner

一atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity（长寿）.Recentresearchsuggestedthatthebronzewinnersappeared

consistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Regardingthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories,itwasfound

thattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyasolidfouryears,livingto76.But

firstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists,wholivedto78.

Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdistinction:"'Dissatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmaybadlyaffecthealth.^^

Inotherwords,silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheyonlylookuptothetopstep,whereasthebronze

winnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodium（领奖台）atall.

Oneoftheproblemswithmostcompetitionsagainstothersisthatittendstolowerone'sinnermotivation,andthus

enjoyment.Decadesago,researchersshowedthisbyaskingpeopletosolvepuzzlesandthenmeasuringtheinterestthey

reported.Theyfoundthepuzzleslessrewardingwhencompetingagainstothersratherthanagainsttheclock.Simplyhaving

atimelimitmeanscompetingagainstthemselves一whichisoftenmorefun.Theprincipleatworkhereisthattryingto

improveyourownpastperformanceprovidesasensenotof"winning“butofprogress.Andtheonlypersontowhomyou

willhavetocompareyourselfisyou.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"'dispensewith“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Stickto.B.Dependon.C.Getridof.D.Takechargeof.

5.Inwhichsituationwillpeoplebemostlikelytofeelgoodaboutthemselves?

A.Treatcompetitionsasallornothing.

B.Aimtooutperformothersincompetitions.

C.Checkoutothers'victoriesonsocialmedia.

D.Comparethemselveswiththoselessfortunate.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AlwaysGoingforGoldB.TheVictoryof