2024届北京市石景山区高三年级下册一模英语试卷（解析版）

2024届北京市石景山区高三下学期一模

英语试卷

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、完形填空

Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners9shoes.My__1

increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa2.DadtoldmethatIwas

thebest“mop（拖把）guy"he'deverhad.

WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas3tothewhole

family.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam.

Thafstosay,Ihadtobe5hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.

Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever6foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDad

heshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthree

mealsaday?”Thistaughtmethatwhenyou7you'dbetterknowtheotherside's

argumentsaswellasyourown.

Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeen

promotedtocaptainandwasfullof8asIwalkedintomyparents9eatery.Thefirst

thingDadsaidwas,"Welcome,mymopguy!OK,ifsthecleaner5sdayoff.Buthowabout

youcleaningup9?”

"Ican'tbelievethis!^^Ithought."I'manofficerinthearmy!^^Butitdidn'tmatter.Asfar

asDadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe10involvedinafamily

eatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.

1.A.dutiesB.scoresC.wagesD.ideas

2.A.waiterB.cookC.cleanerD.manager

3.A.attendingB.applyingC.reactingD.contributing

4.A.standardsB.challengersC.achievementsD.customers

5.A.insistentB.confidentC.courageousD.responsible

6.A.arrangedB.praisedC.paidD.suspected

7.A.succeedB.negotiateC.operateD.promise

8.A.dignityB.respectC.curiosityD.gratitude

9.A.frequentlyB.laterC.insteadD.immediately

10.A.armyB.classC.teamD.party

【答案】

1.A2.C3.D4.A5.D6.C7.B8.A9.B10.C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小在父母经营的小餐馆里工作，从擦鞋到

拖地，虽然从未得到报酬，但学到了很多宝贵的经验。在军队服役两年后，作者回家时

仍被父亲视为餐馆的一员，需要参与清洁工作。文章体现了家庭餐馆中团队精神和劳动

价值的重要性。

1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我的责任也越来越重。A.duties责任；

B.scores得分；C.wages薪水；D.ideas想法。根据上文“myfirstrealjobwas...”和下文“as

Igrewolder”可推知，随着年龄的增长，作者要做的工作也越来越多，责任也越来越重。

故选A项。

2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：十二岁时，我当上了清洁工。A.waiter侍者；B.cook厨

师;C.cleaner清洁工;D.manager经理。根据下文“Iwasthebest"mop（拖把）guy'"'可知，

作者成了餐馆里的清洁工。故选C项。

3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在餐厅工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因为我为整个家庭

做出了贡献。A.attending参加;B.applying申请；C.reacting反应；D.contributing贡献。

根据上文“Workingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpride”可推知，自豪是源于自己对

家庭做出了贡献。故选D项。

4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我父亲说得很清楚，我必须达到一定的标准才能成为

团队的一员。A.standards标准;B.challengers挑战者;C.achievements成就;D.customers

顾客。根据下文"That'stosay,Ihadtobe_5_,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers."的

解释可知，父亲为成为团队的一员提出了一定的标准。故选A项。

5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我必须负责，勤奋，对顾客有礼貌。A.insistent

坚持的；B.confident自信的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.responsible负责任的。结合常

识和上文“tobepartoftheteam”可推知，要成为团队的一员当然要具有责任感。故选D

项。

6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了擦鞋的工作，我做的任何工作都没有支付报酬。A.

arranged安排；B.praised称赞；C.paid支付；D.suspected怀疑。根据下文“OnedayItold

Dadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.”可知，作者的其它工作没有支付报酬，所以才会和父

亲谈判，要求加薪。故选C项。

试卷第2页，共19页

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事教会了我，当你谈判时，你最好了解对方的观点

和你自己的观点。A.succeed成功；B.negotiate谈判；C.operate操作；D.promise承诺。

根据上文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhow

aboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?”"可知，这是作者和父亲之间的谈判，是

这次谈判让作者明白了一个道理。故选B项。

8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我刚刚被提升为队长，走进父母的餐馆时，我充满了自

豪。A.dignity自豪；B.respect尊重；C.curiosity好奇心；D.gratitude感激之情。根据

上文“Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptain”可推知，刚升为队长的作者觉得自己荣归故里，

感到自豪和骄傲。故选A项。

9.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你晚点再打扫怎么样？A.frequently频繁地；B.later

后来；C.instead代替；D.immediately立即。根据上文“it，sthecleaner'sdayoff.”和最后

一段中“Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.”可知,父亲给作者放一天假，但要

求他以后再打扫。故选B项。

10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在爸爸看来，我只是家庭餐馆团队里的一员。A.army

军队;B.class班级;C.team团队;D.party聚会。根据第二段中“Butmyfathermadeitclear

thatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam."和上文"Iwasjustanothermember

可知，作者成为了家庭餐馆团队里的一员。故选C项。

二、语法填空

阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

Inmyoldschooldays,running11(consider)boringandpainfulforme.WhenI

startedtowork,Irealisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemy

career.Overtheyears,I12(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghas

itsbenefits.Itisbelieved13runningcandecreasetheriskofdeath.Soareyou

currentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.

【答案】11.wasconsidered12.havecoached13.that

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了跑步成了作者的职业，鼓励人们跑步。

11.考查时态语态。句意：在我上学校的时代，跑步对我来说是无聊和痛苦的。根据力n

myoldschooldays”可知，本句为一般过去时，主语running与谓语consider为被动

关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填wasconsidered。

12.考查时态。句意：这些年来，我执教过许多跑步队。根据“Overtheyears”可知，本

句为现在完成时。故填havecoachedo

13.考查连接词。句意：人们认为跑步可以降低死亡风险。Itisbelievedthat"人们认

为……"that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。故填that。

阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

AlthoughStartofAutumn,the13thtraditionalChinesesolarterm,oftenindicatesthe

14(begin)ofautumn,heatwaveswillnotcometoanend.Theperiodofhigh

temperatures,15(call)“AutumnTiger”,usuallylastsforabout30days.Becauseof

decreasingprecipitation(降水)，itisevenhotterduringthisperiodthanMajorHeat.Asthe

sayinggoes,C4Ifitrains16thedayofStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected.^^

【答案】14.beginning15.called16.on

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了立秋的相关信息。

14.考查名词。句意：虽然立秋是中国传统的第13个节气，通常预示着秋天的开始，

但热浪不会结束。名词beginning作宾语。thebeginningof.……的开始，故填beginning。

15.考查非谓语。句意：高温期被称为“秋老虎”，通常持续30天左右。分析句子可知，

空处为非谓语动词，Theperiodofhightemperatures与call为被动关系，用过去分词，作

后置定语，故填called。

16.考查介词。句意：俗话说：“立秋下雨万物收工具体指某一天，介词用on。故填

on。

阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

AreyoustilldiscussingandgettingyourheadroundChatGPT,17potentialwill

disturbeverythingfrommarketingtoeducation?Well,Soraisabout18(blow)those

debateswideopen.OpenAFsSora,atext-to-videoAImodelcapableofgenerating19

(remarkable)realisticandimaginativescenesfromtextinstructions,justenteredthechat

room.Aworldwhererealitybendstothewillofwordshasarrived,20(shape)anew

eranotjustfortechnologybutforhumanityitself.

【答案】17.whose18.toblow19.remarkably20.shaping

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人工智能OpenAFsSora。

试卷第4页，共19页

17.考查定语从句。句意：你是否还在讨论和理解ChatGPT,它的潜力将会扰乱从市场

营销到教育的一切？先行词为ChatGPT,作定语从句的定语，关系代词为whose。故填

whoseo

18.考查不定式。句意：好吧，Sora即将把这些争论彻底公开。beabouttodosth"即将

做某事”。故填toblowo

19.考查副词。句意:OpenAI的Sora是一种文本到视频的人工智能模型，能够根据文

本指令生成非常逼真和富有想象力的场景，刚刚进入聊天室。副词remarkably修饰形容

词作状语。故填remarkably。

20.考查非谓语。句意：一个现实屈从于文字意志的世界已经到来，不仅为技术，也为

人类本身塑造了一个新时代。空处为非谓，表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结

果状语。故填shapingo

三、阅读理解

Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthat

willchangelivesinthefuture.

BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you'llbefundingtheresearch

thatfuturegenerationswilldependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyon

fundingqualitymedicalresearch.WithcloselinkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),

we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklytomeetanyemerging

healthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.

Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsare

atthebeginningoftheircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthis

criticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthatascientistneedstodrivetheirresearchand

careerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changingdiscoveries.

MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellas

vitalareasofresearchthatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsin

ourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthefutureofhumanhealth.

Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredict

whatwewillfacenext,wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-quality

medicalresearchthatwewillmeetwhatevernewchallengescomeourway.Byleavinga

donation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureofhumanhealth.

Contact&Support:

@MedResFdn

♦flMedResFdn

8MedicalResearchFoundation

21.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?

A.ProvideservicefortheMRC.B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.

C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch.D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.

22.Byleavingadonation,youcan.

A.fillthegapsinmedicalknowledge

B.tacklethefuturepressingchallenges

C.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudies

D.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.

B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.

C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.

D.Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.

【答案】21.C22.D23.A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是为了医学研究基金会（MRF）募集医学研究资金做的

广告宣传。

21.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyon

fundingqualitymedicalresearch.（MRF是一个独立的慈善机构，专注于资助高质量的医

学研究。）”可知，MRF专注于资助高质量的医学研究。故选C。

22.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientific

minds.（你的馈赠可以支持一些最聪明的科学家。厂可知，你的捐赠可以支持一些最聪明

的科学家。故选D。

23.推理判断题。根据第一段“Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,

tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesinthefuture.（我们需要像你这样的人，了解科学

的力量，为改变未来生活的研究提供资金。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是募集医学研究资

金。故选A。

Eleveno9clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboy

试卷第6页，共19页

ranupbehindandtriedtosnatch（抢夺）herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhis

back.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront.

“Aren'tyouashamedofyourself?^^shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,

stopped,andstoodwatching.

'Tmverysorry,lady.Tmsorry,9,whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.

“Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,“saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy.

“Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones.^^

Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegot

toherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside."What'syourname?^^thewomanasked.

“Roger,“answeredtheboyinalowvoice.ctThen,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwash

yourface,^^orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim.

“Yougonnatakemetojail（监狱）?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.

“Notwiththatface,^^saidMrs.Jones."Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse.”

“Iwantedapairofblueshoes,“repliedtheboy.

Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoor

wasopen.Hecouldrun!

Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.I

havedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.^^Therewasanotherlong

pause.Theboy'smouthopened.

ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewas

goingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingabout

wherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotel

shopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.

Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuy

yourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishways

likethatwillburnyourfeet.^^

Sheledhimtothefrontdoor."Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!^^shesaid,lookingout

intothestreet.

24.HowdidRogerfeelwhenMrs.Jonesmentionedherpast?

A.Frightened.B.Surprised.C.Settled.D.Ashamed.

25.WhydidMrs.JonescallRogerson?

A.Sheintendedtogoeasyonhim.

B.Heremindedherofherownson.

C.Heputhimselftobeincontactwithher.

D.Shelackedanexcusetoteachhimalesson.

26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Jones?

A.Kindandgenerous.B.Ableandambitious.

C.Frankandcooperative.D.Calmandcourageous.

27.Whatcanbemainlyconcludedfromthispassage?

A.Homeiswheretheheartis.

B.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.

C.Abestparentistoleadbyexample.

D.Agooddeedshinesthelightintothedark.

【答案】24.B25.A26.A27.D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个深夜，一个胖女人遭遇小偷抢包，最后她

并未报警，反而带小偷回家，给他洗净脸，还给了他十美元买鞋。在交流过程中，女人

讲述了自己年轻时的经历，教育小偷不要走上错误的道路。最后，她将小偷送出门口，

告诫他要好好做人。文章通过这个故事传递了关爱和教育的力量。

24.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“Iwasyoungonceand

IwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,

son.^^Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy'smouthopened.（过了一会儿，女人说：“我曾

经年轻过，想要得不到的东西。我也做过一些我不会告诉别人的事，孩子。”又是一阵

长时间的沉默。男孩张大嘴）”可知，男孩听了琼斯太太的话后张大了嘴。由此推知，他

对此感到惊讶。故选B项。

25.推理判断题。根据第七段中“"Yougonnatakemetojail（监狱）?”askedRoger,bending

overthesink.（“你要把我送进监狱吗？”罗杰俯身趴在水池边问）”可知，罗杰被抓后感到

非常害怕，怕琼斯太太把他送进监狱，结合倒数第四段中“Afterawhilethewomansaid,"I

wasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwould

nottellanybodyelse,son,^^Therewasanotherlongpause.（过了一会儿，女人说：“我曾经年

轻过，想要得不到的东西。我也做过一些我不会告诉别人的事，孩子。”又是一阵长时

间的沉默）”可知，琼斯太太并没有打算把罗杰送进监狱，相反给他分享了自己的秘密。

由此推知，善良的琼斯太太想通过亲切的称呼来缓解罗杰的紧张的恐惧，想要对他好一

试卷第8页，共19页

点；goeasyonsb.“对人宽容；对某人温和”。故选A项。

26.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnot

watchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.She

didnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhim

alotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthim

anotherpieceofhercake.（然后琼斯太太去做饭了。她没有看那个男孩是否要跑，也没有

看她的钱包落在她身后。她没有问他住在哪里，也没有问他的家人。相反，当他们吃饭

的时候，她告诉他很多关于她在酒店商店工作的事情，以及各种各样的人是如何进进出

出的。她又给他切了一块蛋糕）”和倒数第二段中“Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupand

said,t4Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethe

mistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyour色et.”（他们吃完饭后,

她站起来说：“喏，拿着这十美元，给自己买双蓝鞋吧。不要犯这个错误，因为鞋子会

以这种可怕的方式来烧伤你的脚。可知，琼斯太太不但没有惩罚偷钱的罗杰，反而

给他做饭吃，给他拿钱买鞋。由此推知，琼斯太太是一个善良且大方的人。故选A项。

27.推理判断题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段中“Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupand

said,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethe

mistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfbet.”（他们吃完饭后,

她站起来说：“喏，拿着这十美元，给自己买双蓝鞋吧。不要犯这个错误，因为鞋子会

以这种可怕的方式来烧伤你的脚。可知，文章讲述了善良的琼斯太太非但没有惩罚

偷钱的罗杰，反而给他做饭吃，给他拿钱买鞋。由此推知，故事表达了善行的力量，它

像黑夜中的一束光，可以照亮人性的黑暗。故选D项。

Ifsaknownfactthatemissions（排放物）fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingthe

atmosphere.Inresponsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducing

e-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelastyear.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsat

Porsche'sperformanceandexperiencecenters.

E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthe

hydrogenandoxygenfromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO2toproducealiquid

e-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmanyrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwind

power.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-powered

carstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.

E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynot

beabletoaffordelectricvehicles（EV）.Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeeping

gas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadofthrowingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,the

useofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.Existinggasstationsand

carswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.

Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.

E-fuelsarewidelysaidtobenearlycarbonneutral（碳中和），althoughanindependentstudy

indicatesthate-fuelsreleasethesameamountofCO2asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestill

beingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-fuelsarevery

expensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabout

halfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,

onlyabout16%oftheenergyusedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.

Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseof

e-fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneytointegrateitinto

everydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.

E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis."Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（内燃）

enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffer

theownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,

Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,saidMichaelSteiner,memberofthe

ExecutiveBoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO2.

B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.

C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.

D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO2inactualuse.

29.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto.

A.drawaconclusion.B.presentanopinion

C.furtheradiscussionD.provideasolution

30.Whatistheauthor9sattitudetowardse-fuels?

A.Positive.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

【答案】28.C29.C30.A

试卷第10页，共19页

【导语】这是一篇说明文。德国跑车公司保时捷去年开始在智利的一家试点工厂生产电

动燃料，以减少汽车排放物对大气的影响。文章对此进行了介绍。

28.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,

makingitpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.（电子燃

料遵循汽油的化学结构，这使得以汽油为动力的汽车几乎不需要任何改变就可以使用电

子燃料。）”可知，电子燃料适用于汽油动力汽车。故选C。

29.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis.（尽管人们对电子燃料的看法存在分歧，但随着更多的测试和开发，它们已

被认为是帮助应对气候危机的另一种方式。）''和第三句中的“Therearecurrentlymorethan

1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（内燃）enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeonthe

roadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearly

carbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingrolein

thisdevelopment（通用场景术语库目前全球有超过13亿辆内燃机汽车。其中许多将在未

来几十年上路，而电子燃料为现有汽车的车主提供了一种几乎碳中和的替代方案。随着

电动燃料试点工厂的建立，保时捷在这一发展中发挥着主导作用）''可知，作者引用迈克

尔・斯坦纳的话主要是为了进一步讨论前文中提到的结论。故选Co

30.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis.（尽管人们对电子燃料的看法存在分歧，但随着更多的测试和开发，它们已

被认为是帮助应对气候危机的另一种方式。）”可知，作者对电子燃料的态度是积极的。

故选Ao

OnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibu

whenadrivergoing110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparked

vehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,including2drivers.

Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn'tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemto

haveacceptedconstantcarnage（屠杀）inourstreetsinexchangeformaximizingdriverspeed

andconvenience.Theofficialresponsestoproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeven

that.

LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenational

average.Unsurprisingly,ifsalsoacitythathasbeendesignedwithonethinginmind:a

conceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreetsonhowwelltheyservethosein

automobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense——todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,

whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.Unfortunately,wedon'trecognizethatthere?sa

trade-off.Wecaneitherhavestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreets

forpeopletomovearoundsafelyoutsideofcars.

Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.Inonerecentexample,a

residentaskedthecity'sDepartmentofTransportationtoblockdriversfromusingCochran

AvenueatVeniceBoulevardasacut-throughstreet,astheywerespeedingthroughaquiet

residentialneighbourhood.Thedepartmentrespondedbysuggestinga"speedawareness

campaign^^inwhichneighboursputupyardsignsurgingdriverstoslowdown.

Peopledon'tdrivebasedonsignage,buttheydriveonthedesignofthestreet.Thetrunk

roadsofLosAngelessuchasVeniceBoulevardallneedtoberevisedsothatpeopleare

prioritizedovercars.Thiswouldincludenarrowingtravellanes（道），buildingbikelanes,and

banningrightturnsatredlights.Thesemeasureswouldmakedriversfeellikethey'reinacity

andnotonahighway.ArecentJohnHopkinsstudysaysthiswouldhavesubstantialsafety

benefits.

Withmorethan7,500milesofstreetsinthecityofLosAngeles,theywon'tallbe

rebuiltanytimesoon.Butwitheachroadconstructionproject,oreachcrash,weshouldbe

revisingstreetstomakethemsaferforallroadusers.

Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.Ifstodesignthestreetsto

besafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,especiallyforthe50%

oftripsdailyinLosAngelesthatarelessthanthreemiles.Thesolutiontoprotectingpeople

diningoutdoorsisn'tcrashbarriers.It'sastreetdesignthatforcesdriverstogoslowly.The

problemiscarnageinthestreets,andweknowthesolutions.

31.WhyshouldthetrafficdeathinLosAngelesbecalled"constantcarnage”?

A.Thetrafficaccidentshappenquiteoften.

B.Toomanypeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.

C.Thedrivers5speedingistoblameforthetrafficdeath.

D.Cityleaders'consistentchoicecontributestothetrafficdeath.

32.Whatdoestheword46trade-ofP,underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Balance.B.Guideline.C.Conflict.D.Resolution.

33.Accordingtothepassage,whichisalikelysolutiontothetrafficproblem?

试卷第12页，共19页

A.Towidentravellanes.B.Toaddmorecrosswalks.

C.Toarrangemoretrafficpolice.D.Topunishspeedingdrivers.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driversfirstorwalkersfirst?B.Trafficdeathorconstantcamage?

C.Morewarningsignsorsaferdesigns?D.Morenarrowlanesorspeedyhighways?

【答案】31.D32.A33.B34.C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了洛杉矶街道设计的不合理之处以及改进措施。

31.细节理解题。根据第四段“Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadly

option”（城市领导人总是选择简单但致命的选项）可知，为什么洛杉矶的交通死亡被

称为“持续的屠杀”是因为城市领导的一贯选择导致交通死亡。故选D项。

32.词句猜测题，根据第三段TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense一todesignourstreets

forcartraffic,whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.5,（对许多洛杉矶人来说，为汽车

交通设计街道是有意义的，这是许多人在城市里出行的方式）根据下文“Wecaneither

havestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreetsforpeopletomove

aroundsafelyoutsideofcars."（我们可以让街道变得更好，让交通更加畅通，或者我们

可以设计街道，让人们在没有汽车的情况下安全地走动。）可知，不幸的是，我们没有

意识到应该平衡一下。所以划线词的意思是“平衡”。故选A项。

33.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.

Ifstodesignthestreetstobesafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmass

transit,"（解决交通堵塞的办法不是为汽车腾出更多的空间。而是为了设计足够安全的

街道，让人们可以选择骑自行车、步行和公共交通，）可知，.增加人行横道可能是解决

交通问题的方法。故选B项。

34.主旨大意题。短文介绍了洛杉矶街道的设计导致车道成为了快车道，并导致死亡事

故不断地产生。有的部门提出，建议开展一项“速度意识运动”，让邻居们在院子里竖起

标志，敦促司机减速。有的提出了解决措施如缩小行车车道，修建自行车道，禁止在红

灯时右转。这些措施会让司机感觉他们是在一个城市，而不是在高速公路上。以短文的

标题为“更多的警告标志还是更安全的设计?”切题。故选C项。

About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese（肥胖的）.Obesepeopleareat

increasedriskofmanyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

35Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here'sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.

Dietary“selEmonitoring“isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhatthey

consume,andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,

you'llmakehealthierdecisions.36There9snodoubtthatdietaryself^monitoringhas

beenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesor

howoftenitshouldbedone.

37Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwho

participatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintake

usinganonlineprogram.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecord

theirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheir

intake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesa

day.38Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossif

theyrecorded