高中英语必修5讲义Module5Section3

[语法初识]原句感知自主探究1.Whenheretiredattheageof26,hehadwon106goldmedalsinmajorpetitionsacrosstheworld.2．Astheleaderesintothestadiumtorunthelastfewmetresofthe42kilometrerace,thecrowdrisestoitsfeettoshoutandcheer.3．Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityanywhere,thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.4．Buteventhoughhehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport,LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.5．WheneverChineseathletesstepoutontothetrackduringthe2008Olympics,theywillbewearingLiNingtracksuits.6．WhileIdon'tlikehisdesignatall,Iattendedthemeeting.1.句1和句2用了时间状语从句；句3用了条件状语从句；句4、句5和句6用了让步状语从句。2．whenever引导让步状语从句时可以用no_matter_when来替代。[语法剖析]语法点一时间状语从句常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有：when,as,while,till,until,before,after,since,themoment,assoonas等。1．when,while和as引导的时间状语从句(1)when可表示瞬间时间；与主句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，也可有先后。(2)while引导的句子中动词常为延续性动词。(3)as指动作或事件同时发生；还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。PleasewritewhileIread.我念的时候，请写下来。AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更乐观了。2．till/until引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的应用肯定式，意为“一直到……”，如果是非延续性的要用否定式，意为“直到……才……”。Iwaitedtill/until9：00.我一直等到9点钟。(wait为延续性动作)Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.直到父亲回来我才上床睡觉。(gotobed为非延续性动作)[名师点津]在not...until...结构中notuntil位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句中，强调until引导时间状语时，常把not提前，构成Itisn't/wasn'tuntil...that...。Itwasn'tuntil11thathereturnedhome.直到11点他才回家。3．before和since引导的时间状语从句(1)若表达“还未……就……，不到……就……，……才……，趁……还没来得及”时，需用连词before。Hehadputthebrokenvaseawaybeforehismothercameback.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)Itwillbe＋时间段＋beforesb.do(does)“多久之后才……”。Itwillbe3daysbeforeourmanagersignstheagreement.要过3天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIgotsick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在“Itis＋时间段＋since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。Itishalfayearsincesheleftourclass.她离开我们班有半年了。(5)since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，说明这一动作或状语的终止，译为“自从该动作结束以来有……时间了。”Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟有三年了。4．引导时间状语从句的名词词组一些表示时间的名词词组，如themoment,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,thenexttime,theminute,theinstant等也可以用来引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。Everytimehecame,hewouldbringmegoodnews.他每一次来，都会给我带来好消息。ThefirsttimeIwenttoMountTai,Iwasveryhappy.第一次去泰山，我非常高兴。5．表示“一……就……”的引导词assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...等连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。Immediatelythebellrang,theboysrushedout.铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。[名师点津]若把表示否定含义的副词hardly/nosooner等放在句首，则它们所在的主句要部分倒装，且主句要用过去完成时态。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantorain.他刚到天就开始下雨了。集中演练11－1.选词填空when,while,as,since,until,before,assoonas,thefirsttime①IwaswatchingTVwhenafriendofminecalledme.②Ihaven'theardfromMr.SmithsincehewenttoCanadathreeyearsago.③ItwillbethreeyearsbeforehisbrotherreturnsfromtheAfricancountry.④Hedidn'tgiveupsmokinguntil_thedoctortoldhimthathehaddevelopedcancer.⑤Herentedouthishousewhile/whenheworkedabroad.⑥Carolansweredthedooras_soon_as_Iknocked.⑦Asitgrewdarker,itbeescolder.⑧The_first_timeIspokeinpublic,Ifeltembarrassed.1－2.句型转换⑨Ihaven'tseenhimforalmost10years.→Itisalmost10yearssinceIsawhim.⑩Assoonasshewasoutofsightshebrokeintoarun.→Themomentshewasoutofsightshebrokeintoarun.⑪Wehadnosoonerstartedthanitbegantorain.→Hardlyhadwestartedwhenitbegantorain.⑫Theprocesswillbepleteintwoyears.→It'llbetwoyearsbeforetheprocessispleted.⑬Ididn'trecognizeherbeforeshetookoffhercap.→Irecognizedheraftershetookoffhercap.语法点二条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if,once,aslongas,unless,onconditionthat,incase等引导。1．if和unless是最常用的条件从句连接词，unless在意义上等于if...not...，并且语气较强。if可用于虚拟条件句。YouwillimproveyouroralEnglishifyoukeeponpractising.如果你坚持练习的话，你将会提高你的英语口语。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupsmokingatonce.(虚拟条件句)如果我是你，我会立即戒烟。You'llfailinFrenchunlessyouworkharder.你要是不再加把劲，法语就考不及格了。2．其他常见的条件状语从句的连接词还有as/solongas(只要),provided/providing(that)(如果),suppose/supposing(假设),oncondition(that)(如果),incase(以防)等。Wecansurelyattainourgoalaslongasweareunitedasone.只要我们团结一致，我们肯定能实现我们的目标。Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing(that)myexpensesarepaid.假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。Supposingitrains,whatshouldwedo?假如下雨，我们该怎么办呢？Theypromisedtoletushaveameetingintheirofficeonconditionthatwecouldkeepitclean.他们答应让我们在他们的办公室里开会条件是我们能保持清洁。[名师点津](1)在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。(2)当条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中有be动词，则可省略从句的主语和be动词。集中演练22－1.单句改错①Unlessyouchangeyourattitude,Iwilltellyouthewaytosolvetheproblem.Unless→If_②SolongasIshallknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.去掉第一个shall③Pleasetakeyourraincoatalongwithyouprovidedthatitvided_that→in_case④Supposedyoufailasecondtime,don'tgetdisappointed,buttryagain.Supposed→Suppose/Supposing2－2.完成句子⑤Only_if_you_don't_care_about_your_appearance(只有你不在乎自己的外表时)canyouputyourheartintoyourstudy.⑥Iwon'ttellthesecrettoyourparentsas_long_as_you_keep_your_promise(只要你遵守诺言)．⑦Youcangoswimmingon_condition_that(条件是)youdon'tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.⑧Whatshallwedoif_we_cannot_get_the_necessary_data(如果我们弄不到必要的数据)?语法点三让步状语从句让步状语从句由although(though),as,evenif,however,whatever,nomatterwho等词引导。1．whatever,however和nomatterwhat/how这两种形式都可引导让步状语从句，意义无差别。Whatever(Nomatterwhat)happens,wewillnotchangeourminds.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。However(Nomatterhow)difficulttheworkis,wewilltryourbesttofinishitintime.无论工作多么困难，我们都要尽力及时完成。[名师点津]“疑问词＋ever”除引导让步状语从句外，还可引导主语从句和宾语从句。Hecantellyouwhateveryouwanttoknow.你想要知道什么他都可以告诉你。2．形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as/though可引导一个让步状语从句，表示强调。Youngas/thoughheis,heknowsalotaboutlife.尽管他很小，但他对生活懂得挺多。Failashedid,hewouldnevergiveup.尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃。Intelligentstudentasheis,hedoesn'tstudyhard.尽管他是个聪明的学生，但他不努力学习。[名师点津](1)as引导让步状语从句时，动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词do，does，did或will等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，前不加冠词。(2)although和though不能和but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。3．whether引导的让步状语从句Whetheryougoornot,Iwillgotovisitmyteachers.不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。4．while也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。一般要位于句首。Whileheisyoung,heisexperienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。[名师点津]当让步状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中有be动词，则可省略从句的主语和be动词。集中演练33－1.选词填空eventhough,nomatterhow,whatever,although,as①Althoughhedidn'tpassthecollegeentranceexamination,hewouldnevergiveup.②No_matter_howangryyoufeel,youshouldn'tshoutatyourchildren.③Iwillbelieveyou,Jack,whateverhappensinthefuture.④MybrotherisdeterminedtogetaseatforanApplecellphoneeven_thoughitmeansstandinginlineallnight.⑤Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.3－2.句型转换⑥Thesunwasshining,butitwasn'tverywarm.→Although/Thoughthesunwasshining,_itwasn'tverywarm.⑦Nomatterhowoldyouget,there'salwayssomethingnewtolearnabout.→Howeveroldyouget,_there'salwayssomethingnewtolearnabout.⑧Thoughheisold,heworksjustashardashedidinhisyoungerdays.→Oldasheis,_heworksjustashardashedidinhisyoungerdays.⑨Thoughitistenyearsold,thisbookishighlyremended.→Thoughtenyearsold,_thisbookishighlyremended.[链接高考]连词填空1．(2015·安徽高考)Though/Although/Whilescientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.解析：考查连词。句意：尽管科学家们已经了解了许多关于宇宙的知识，可是还有许多我们依然不知道的。结合句意可知前后两个分句存在让步关系。2．(2015·北京高考)Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficult_as_long_asyoukeeppracticingit.解析：句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。3．(2015·北京高考)Once_thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.解析：句意：一旦农田被毁坏，将会花费很多年才能恢复。4．(2015·天津高考)Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.解析：句意：我们需要找出问题的根源才能解决问题。5．(2014·湖南高考)Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.解析：句意：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你就永远不会取得成功。6．(2014·四川高考)I'llbeoutforsometime.In_caseanythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.解析：句意：我要出去一段时间。万一有什么重要的事情发生，立即给我打。[针对演练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itisratherdifficulttomakefriendswithhim,buthisfriendship,_oncegained,istruerthananyother's.2．Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,howeverdifficultitwas.3．As/So_longaswedon'tloseheart,we'llfindawaytooverethedifficulty.4．Although/Thoughtheoperationisverysuccessful,constantpainsinthelegwilllastforaperiodoftime.5．Ididn'twinfirstprizeinthepetition,evenif/thoughIhadtalentfortennis.6．Noonecanleavetheroomunlesshegetspermissionfromthepolice.7．If_youareconcernedaboutenvironmentalpollution,you'dbetterusethepublictransportratherthandriveacar.8．Howdidyoufeelwhenyousawtheterribleaccidenthappeninginfrontofyou?9．Itwillbeatleasttwomonths_beforewemeetagain.10．Itisfiveyearssincehemovedhere.Ⅱ.完成句子1．When_he_studied_in_Paris(当他在巴黎学习时),hevisitedalotofplacesofinterestofFrance.2．The_moment_he_saw_me(他一见到我)thismorning,heaskedmewhetherIhadknownthegoodnews.3．Remembertoeovertomyhousefordinnernext_time_you_e_to_Beijing(下次你来北京)forameeting.4．Itwasn