人教版高中英语必修四第1讲：Unit1-Women-of-achievement-词汇篇(教师版)

Unit1Womenofachievement词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。一、重点短语1.蔑视；看不起 lookdownupon2.查阅；参考；谈到；涉及 referto3.离开；启程；出发 moveoff4.过着……的生活 leada…life5.碰巧；凑巧 bychance6.继续；坚持 carryon7.（偶然）遇见；碰见 comeacross8.（想法、问题等）涌上心头 crowdin二、词义辨析1.battle/war/fight：battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗或个人之间的争斗E.g.Thetwoarmiesbattledallnight.war战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争E.g.Theircouragebroughtthepeoplethroughthewar.fight最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗E.g.Afterafiercefight,theenemyyieldedtous.2.lookforwardto期望；期待；盼望（其中to为介词）短语扩展lookthrough习惯于lookon…as…把……看作……lookupto尊敬lookup抬头看；查阅；改善；好转lookback(onsth.)回忆；回顾lookaround环顾；四下查看lookinto调查lookon旁观lookahead超前看；展望未来lookout当心3.worthwhile/worth/worthy（1）从句法功能上看worth通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；worthy和worthwhile可用作表语和定语。E.g.Itisn’tworththetrouble.不值得费那个事。Heisaworthygentleman.他是位值得尊敬的绅士。Hisbehaviorisworthyofgreatpraise.他的行为值得高度赞扬。Theyachievedaveryworthwhileresult.他们取得了很有价值的成果。Wehadalongwait,butitwasworthwhilebecausewegotthetickets.我们等了很久，但还算值得，因为我们把票买到了。（2）从所使用的修饰语来看worth习惯上不用very修饰(要表示类似意思可用well)，而worthy和worthwhile则可以用副词very修饰。E.g.Thatisveryworthyofourattention.那件事很值得我们注意。Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.护理工作是很值得干的职业。但习惯上不说：Theworkisveryworthdoing.(very应改为well)（3）从搭配习惯来看有关beworth的搭配习惯a)beworth后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。E.g.Thepictureisworth$500.这幅画值500美元。Theclockishardlyworthrepairing.这台钟简直不值得修理。Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得干的事就得干好。注意：其后可接动名词，不能接不定式，且接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。b)在现代英语中，在beworth前使用形式主语it被认为是合习惯的。E.g.Itisn’tworthrepairingthecar.这辆汽车不值得修了。Isitworthvisitingthecity?这个城市值得去看吗?但是，若不用形式主语it而直接用动名词作主语，则是错误的。E.g.Repairingthecarisworth.（误）c)在beworthdoing结构中，除非句首用了形式主语it，否则句子主语总应是其动名词的逻辑宾语；若其中的动词不及物，应考虑加上适当的介词。E.g.Nothinghesaidwasworthlisteningto.他说的话没有一句值得听。She’snotworthgettingangrywith.犯不上跟她生气。有关beworthy的搭配习惯a)beworthy后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词of。E.g.Theireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.他们的努力应得到你的支持。Herbehaviorisworthyofpraise.她的行为是值得赞扬的。b)与beworth后只接动名词不接不定式不同，beworthy后不接动名词，而接不定式(若该不定式要表示被动意义，则应用被动形式)。E.g.Heisworthytoreceivesuchhonor.他应该得到这种荣誉。Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.这个建议值得考虑。c)若要在beworthy后接动名词，与后接名词时的情形一样，应借助介词of，且该动名词若要表示被动意义，要用被动形式。E.g.Heisworthyoffilling[=tofill]thepost.这个职位他当之无愧。Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered[=tobeconsidered].这个建议值得考虑。有关beworthwhile的搭配习惯a)beworthwhile后接动名词或不定式均可。E.g.Itisworthwhilebuyingthedictionary.这本词典值得买。(其中的worthwhile也可换成worth)Itisworthwhiletodiscusstheplanagain.这个计划值得再讨论一次。(其中的worthwhile不能换worth，因为其后接用了不定式)b)有时可将worthwhile分开写，此时也可在其中加上one’s。E.g.I’dthinkitworthwhiletogo.我认为值得去。Doyouthinkit’sworthwhilequarrellingwithme?你认为与我吵值得吗?Wouldyouliketodosomegardeningforme?I’llmakeitworthyourwhile.你愿意在我的花园里干些活吗?我不会亏待你的。Itisworthyourwhilevisiting[tovisit]themuseum.这个博物馆值得你去看看。c)按传统语法，Itisworth(one’s)whiletodosth.[doingsth.]结构必须用it作形式主语，其中的不定式或动名词做句子的真正主语。（4）一句多译在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。如：那个地方值得一去。正：Theplaceisworthavisit.正：Theplaceisworthyofavisit.正：Theplaceisworthvisiting.正：Itisworthvisitingtheplace.正：Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.正：Theplaceisworthytobevisited.正：Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace.正：Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.三、要点梳理1.achievement(cn.)成就；功绩(un.)完成，实现asenseofachievement成就感asenseofdirection方向感achieveone’sgoal达到目标achieveone’ssuccess获得成功2.campaign(n.)运动；战役(vi.)作战；参加运动launch/startacampaignagainst…发动一场反对……的运动campaignfor/against…参加争取/反对……的运动campaigntodosth.为了做某事而进行运动3.behave(v.)举动；（举止或行为）表现behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.对待某人好/不好behaveoneself守规矩；表现得体behavior[U]举止；行为；态度[U,C]（人、动物等的）表现方式，活动方式well-behaved(adj.)表现好的badly-behaved(adj.)表现差的4.moveoff向前移动（以腾出空间）movein迁入新居moveon变换（工作、话题等）；前进moveaway搬走remove去除；移开5.observe(vt.)观察；观测；遵守observation(n.)observesb.dosth.观察到某人做了某事observesb.doingsth.观察到某人正在做某事observe+that从句发现……observe(vt.)1)观察；观测：IfelthewasobservingeverythingIdid.2)遵守、奉行：Weshouldtherulesandregulations.3)庆祝；祝贺；欢度：SomestudentsaregoingtoobserveChristmasDaywiththeirforeignteachers.6.“only+状语（从句）”位于句首，句子/主句要部分倒装only置于句首一般分为下列三种情况：1)“only+副词”位于句首时，句子要倒装：Onlythendidsherealizehermistake.2)“only+介词短语”位于句首时，句子要倒装：E.g.OnlybystudyinghardwillyoumakeprogressIyourstudy3)“only+状语（从句）”位于句首，主句要倒装，从句不倒装E.g.OnlywhenIreachedthetopofmountaindidIfeelagreatsenseofachievement.7.respect(n)敬意；细节；方面(v.)尊敬；尊重；遵守respectsb.for(doing)sth.have/showrespectto关于；就……而言self-respect(n)自尊respectable(adj.)值得尊敬的respectful(adj.)表示敬意的；尊敬的respectfully(adv.)恭敬地respective(adj.)各自的，分别的8.argue讨论；争论；辩论arguewithsb.(about/over/onsth.)（就某事）与某人争论arguefor/againststh.据理赞成/反对某事arguethat…主张……；认为……arguesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做某事arguesb.outofdoingsth.说服某人不做某事9.crowd(n)人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤E.g.Thousandsofpeoplecrowedthenarrowstreets.crowdintoone’smind涌入某人的脑海crowdin(onsb.)（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海crowdin/into(sth.)大批涌入（狭小的空间）becrowdedwith挤满……；充满着……10.support(n.)&(vt.)支持；拥护supportoneself自主谋生cometoone’ssupport支持某人insupportof为了支持……为了拥护……11.referto查阅；参考；谈到；涉及referto…as称……为referto/consultadictionary=lookupsth.inthedictionary（为……）查字典refertosb./sth.描述；涉及reference(n.)参考12.bychance碰巧；凑巧bychance/accident碰巧；凑巧bydesign/onpurpose有益地；故意地13.comeacross（偶然）碰见；遇见；发现comeabout发生comeup长出地面；（太阳）升起；发生；被提及；被讨论comeupwith提出；想出14.Itseems/seemedthat…看来……；好像……该句型可转换为：Sb./Sth.seems/seemed+不定式。其他含seem的相关句型常用的还有：Itseems+adj./n.看起来好像……Itseemsasif/asthough…看起来好像……Thereseems(tobe)…看起来像……15.intend(vt.)计划；打算intendtodo/doingsth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事beintendedtodo为了做……beintendedfor专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的hadintendedtodosth./intendedtohavedonesth.本打算做某事（但没有做）16.consideration(u.)体谅；体贴；关心；考虑take…intoconsideration考虑到……；体谅……beunderconsideration在考虑中；在审议中inconsiderationof考虑到；鉴于consider(v.)仔细考虑considerate考虑周到的considerable(adj.)相当多（或大、重要等）的17.deliver(vt.)生（小孩儿）；接生；递送；发表（演说等）deliver…to…把……交给/传递给……deliverababy助产；接生bedeliveredofababy分娩；生孩子deliveraspeech发表演说18.carryon继续；坚持carryout实行；执行；进行；履行（诺言、义务等）carryoff获得（奖品、荣誉等）；赢得carryonwith/doingsth.继续做某事carryaway带走；冲走例1.（2014河南六市联考）A(n)_______ofachievementclearlyhasaninfluenceonchildren’searlyeducation.A.idea B.sense C.need D.mind解析：根据句意“成就感显然对孩子早期的教育有影响”idea主意；sense感觉；need需要；mind心思，想法。asenseofachievement“成就感”答案：B。例2.（2014天津蓟县模拟）Thoughplasticbagsreallybroughtconveniencetous,theyalso_______manyproblemsfortheenvironment.A.ledto B.referredto C.contributedto D.appealedto解析：根据句意“尽管塑料袋真的给我们带来了便利，但是对环境而言它们也引发了许多问题。”ledto导致；引起；referto参考；contributeto对……有贡献；appealedto吸引；根据语境，“引起”符合句意。答案：A。例3.（2014安徽）Terry,please_______yourcellphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.A.lookupfrom B.lookinto C.lookbackon D.lookthrough解析：根据句意“Terry，当奶奶和你说话的时候，请将头从手机上抬起来。”lookupfrom“从……抬起头”lookinto“调查”；lookbackon“回顾”；lookthrough“浏览”答案：A。例4.（2014陕西西安一模）Thedoorburstopenand______,shoutingwithanger..A.rushedinacrowd B.inrushingacrowdC.inrushedacrowd D.inacrowddidrush解析：根据句意“门突然打开，一群人愤怒地喊着冲了进来。”表示位置的副词置于句首，构成句子全部倒装，acrowd意思为“一群人”。答案：C。例5.（2014福建）Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe_______.A.supported B.matched C.evaluated D.controlled解析：根据句意“普遍认为应该从综合素质方面评价学生。”supported“支持”；matched“相配”；evaluated“评估”；controlled“控制”。答案：C。基础演练1.Byworkinghard,hehas_________(实现)hisgoal.2.Hewonaprizeforgood__________(行为)atschool.3.Heisthepresidentofalargeinternational___________(组织).4.Heisamuchlovedandhighly__________(尊敬)teacher.5.Thesemeasuresarestrongly__________(支持)byenvironmentalgroups.6.Themanthey_________to(提到的)justnowisMr.White.7.Ihavean__________(争论)withheronthistopic.8.I’mhonoredto__________(做演讲)aspeechhere.9.Ihavebeendreamingofbecomingadoctorsincemy____________(童年)10.Thebookis___________(供……使用)forchildren.Keys:1.achieved2.behavior(u)r3.organization4.respected5.supported6.referred7.argument8.deliver9.childhood10.intended巩固提高1.(2014湖北)Isthisyournecklace,Marry?I_______itwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.A.wentfor B.lookedafter C.dealtwith D.cameacross2.(2014江西南昌月考)Idon’tthinkthechaircantakeyourweight;it’s_______children.A.tradedwithB.referredto C.connectedto D.intendedfor3.Forthebighouse,thepriceisfairlycheap,butyou’vegottotakeinto_________themoneyyou’llspendonhomeimprovement.A.consideration B.thoughtfulnessC.responsibility D.measures4.(2014天津)Therecentfinancialcrisis_______intoconsideration,theJapaneseboss______backonthenumberofworkersworkingforhim.A.taking;cuts B.wastaken;cutC.taken;cut D.totake;cutting5.(2014湖南十三校联考)Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparents,butnowwe________fine.A.lookoutB.stayup C.carryonD.getalongKeys:1-5:DDACD1.--Howsoonwillthecandidatesgettheiruniversityadmissions?--Itmaytakethreeweeksforalltheapplicationstobe________.A.withdrawn B.delivered C.edited D.processed2.--ChineseformerPremierWenJiabao________animportantspeechintheclimatechangeconferenceinCopenhagenA.stated B.issued C.delivered D.addressed3.Themealwasover,andthemanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomto_____theirdiscussion.A.putaway B.takedown C.lookover D.carryon4.Hewasintheveryactofstartingtheenginewhenthepowersourcewas______.A.carriedon B.cutoff C.pickedout D.comeacross5.Iguesswe’vealreadytalkedaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust_______.A.bynatureB.inreturn C.incase D.bychance6.Thehostpickedseveralpeoplefromtheaudience_______andinvitedthemtothestagetohaveadialogue.A.atrandom B.bychance C.inturn D.onoccasion7.Thesunrose,asitalways_______,inaclearsky.A.is B.does C.likes D.seems8.BeingtheFirstLadyandamotheroftwo,Mrs.Obamahaslaunchedher______againstchildhoodobesityintheUS,hopingtoencouragepeopletolivehealthierlives.A.campaign B.war C.fight D.battle9.ProudofhisAfrican_______,heoftenwritesinhispoetryaboutthebeautifulshoresofAfrica,thelandofhisancestors.A.achievements B.discoveries C.accents D.roots10.Myparentsofteninspireme,“________tillyoumakeit."A.Fight B.FightingC.Totight D.Fought11.TheRed-crossSocieties________$1,000,000fortherefugeeswholosttheirhousesinthetsunami.A.supported B.kept C.rose D.raised12.Havingalargefamilyto________,hetookuptwopart-timejobsinhissparetime.A.measure B.deliver C.respect D.support13.--MysonislearningEnglish.WhatdictionaryshallIbuyforhim?--Whataboutthisone?Itis__________forbeginners.A.intended B.operated C.offered D.delivered14.Theword“unbelievable”basedonChinese,whichhasbecomeabighitonlineveryquickly,_______amessagethatChinesecanalsoserveasanadditiontoEnglishvocabulary.A.delivers B.simplifies C.declares D.clarifies15._______seemstobeastrongcompetitionforstudentstoenterakeyuniversity.A.It B.There C.What D.ThatKeys:1-5DCDBC6-10ABADA 11-15DDAAB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.______good,thiskindoffruitsellsverywellinourcity.A.TasteB.Beingtasted C.TastingD.Havingbeentasted2.The______lookonhisfacesuggestedthathe______thathewouldfailintheMathtest.A.surprising;wouldn’texpect B.surprising;hadn’texpectedC.surprised;hadn’texpected D.surprised;shouldn’texpect3.Ithinkhemusthaveseenmeatthemeetinglastnight,______?A.didn’the B.don’tI C.doID.mustn’the4.TheChangjiangRiverhasbeenpollutedbadlyandisnotgood_______.A.toswimitB.tobeswumin C.toswiminitD.toswimin5.Thomas_____ininventingmanyelectricalmachinesA.wassuccessful B.succeed C.wassuccess D.successes6.Iwouldlove______tothepartythatevening,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone7.Itiswellknowntoallthatwater,______enough,canchangeintoicequickly.A.ifcooling B.thoughtobecooled C.whencooledD.wheniscooled8.Mr.Wang______thepersonreferredtoatthemeetingbeputinprison.A.saidB.wished C.agreedD.suggested9.Isthisschool______youstudiedinthreeyearsago?A.whereB.that C.theone D.which10._____hardlymadeMikepayanyattentionto_____hismistakes.A.Scolding;correcting B.Beingscolded;correct C.Beingscolded;correcting D.Havingbeenscolded;correct11.Hardly______onthebus______thebusdroveoff.A.didheget;than B.hadhegot;whenC.didheget;when D.hadhegot;than12.--WhichsportisthemostpopularintheUS?--It’shardtosay.Itlargely______whatyoumeanby“popular”?A.belongsto B.comesabout C.dependson D.determineson13.I_____whenitbegantorain.A.wasabouttogoingout B.wasinthepointofgoingoutC.wasonthepointofgoingout D.bothAandC14.YouneverimaginewhattroubleIhavehad______yourhouse.Ittookmenearly2hours.A.tofind B.findingC.found D.forfinding15.______inhernovelthatshedidn’thearwhatIwassaying.A.SoabsorbedhadNancy B.SoabsorbedNancywasC.SoabsorbedwasNancy D.SoabsorbedNancyhad二、完型选择In1990areportwaspublishedabout1theearthmightbelike20yearsfromthenon.Thereportwasaresultofathree-yearstudy.Accordingtothereport,thepictureoftheearthintheyear2010isnota2one.Theworldwillbemore3becausethepopulationwillcontinuetogrow.Thepopulationcouldbe46,300million,almost2,500millionmorethanin1985.Morepeoplewouldmoveintocities,5citiesindevelopingcountries.SuchcitiesasCairoandJakartaprobablywould6have15millionbythen.Foodproductionwill7,butnotenoughtofeedallthepeople.Farmerswillgrow90%morefoodthantheydidin1985,8mostoftheincreasewouldbeincountriesthat9produceenoughfoodfortheirpeople.10increaseisexpectedinSouthAsia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Poorfarmingwaysare11largeareasofcropland,changingfarmsintodeserts.Morefarmlandis12ascitiesbecomelargerandmorehousesarebuilt.13willgetworseasindustrialcountriesburnmorecoalandoil．Manyoftheworld’sforestscoulddisappearasmoreandmoretrees14.Energywillcontinuetobeaseriousproblem.Theexpertssaytheirpictureoftheearthfortheyear201015.Theyonlypicturedthesituationthat16today.Bychangingthesituation,by17theproblems,thepicturecanbechanged.Thereis18timefornatio