初升高英语衔接第一课 句子成分 简单句并列句复合句

第一课句子成分，简单句并列句复合句实词名称用途例词句法作用名词n.(noun)表示人或事物的名称boy,book,table,man主、表、宾、补、定、同代词pron.(pronoun)代替名词、形容词或数词I,you,it,we,their主、宾、表、补、定、同数词num.(numeral)表示数目或顺序one,two,twenty,third,fifth主、表、宾、定、同动词v.(verb)表示动作或状态work,study,谓语动词：谓interesting,injured非谓语动词：主、表、宾、补、定、状形容词adj.(adjective)修饰名词，表示人、物的性质或特征red,long,old,good表、补、定副词adv.(adverb)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作特征或性状特征here,very,often,pretty,frequently表、状【知识点精讲】英文中常见的词性：实词和虚词实词如下：

虚词如下：虚词冠词art.(article)表示名词的泛指或特指a(an),the用在名词前帮助说明该名词的含义介词prep.(preposition)表示名词、代词等与其它词的关系in,after,under,on常与名词或与之相当的词构成介词短语连词conj.(conjunction)连接词与词、短语和短语、句子和句子and,if,but,because连接词与词、短语与短语、或句与句的作用感叹词interj.(interjection)表示说话时的感情或口气oh,ah,um,ouch表示说话时产生的情绪【句子成分】（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。e.g.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词） WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词） One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词） Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式） Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词） Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语有: 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。e.g.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。e.g.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。e.g.Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。e.g.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词） Isityours?（代词） Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词） Thespeechisexciting.（分词） Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词） HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式） Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语） Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词） Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。e.g.Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词） Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词） Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词） Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语） Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），e.g.Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），e.g.Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。e.g.HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：e.g.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词） Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词） Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词） HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词） Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语） Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词） HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：e.g.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语） Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语） Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）Waitaminute.（名词）状语种类如下： Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语） Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语） Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语） MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语） Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语） Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语） Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语） Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语） Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语） Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）【典型例题及变式题】1.指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2选出句中谓语的中心词Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.PictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book3挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho'FatherChristmas'reallyis.4挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.5.挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!6.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?7.挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.8.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?【简单句、并列句和复合句】（一）句子种类两种分类法1.按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2.按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从句e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.I'veputacrossonthemaptoshowwherethatfamoushotelis.Lilytookafewfriendstomybirthdayparty,noneofwhomIwasfamiliarwith.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2.主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.3.主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4.主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。接双宾语的动词：带双宾语的及物动词，如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前，必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话，读起来妙趣横生，效果很好。“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。说明:1.“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:Helentsomemoneytome.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach,等2.“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。如:Motherboughtanewdressforme。类似的动词还有：build，choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。（三）并列句的分类 1.表示并列，递进或顺承关系，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,when，while等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2.表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain. 3.表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,whereas等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4.表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.【典型例题及变式题】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet二、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.【课堂综合训练】完形填空Iwasstandinginmyshoestore.Thedooropenedandayoungmancamein31himselfinawheelchair.Iwasshockedtoseethathehadno32.“Ineedanewpairof33formyself,apairofblackcowboyones,”hesaid.Iwasso34thatIremainedsilentanddidn’tmove.“I’mnotkidding,sir,35Idon’tactuallyneedthem,”helookedatmeand36.“WhenIwasakid,myparentsboughtmenewshoeseveryyear.Itwassucha（an）37feelingthatIhaveneverforgottenit.”Itookoutapairofshoesand38themtotheyoungman.He39theshoesagainsthisnoseanddrewindeepbreath.40cametohiseyes.Atthatmoment,ahomelessoldmanwasstandingoutside41shoes,lookingatus.Theyoungman42andsaidtome,“Willyouaskthatoldmantocomein,please?”Ididsoandthepoormancamein.“Whatisthe43ofyourfeet?”theyoungmanaskedthepoorman.“Anineandahalf.”Theyoungmanaskedmetotakeoutthebestshoesofthesize.He44theoldman,“Sir,wouldyoumind45themforme?”Aftertheshoeswereonhisfeet,theoldmansaidtheyfit46.“I’llbuythem,”theyoungmansaid.“Thegood47thatIhaveneverforgottenhascomebackagain,andnowIhavesomeoneto48itwithme.”Theyoungman49whattheoldmanneeded50.Hedidhisbestinanimperfectworld.[]31.A.pulling B.pushing C.lifting D.bending[]32.A.ears B.arms C.legs D.hands[]33.A.shoes B.gloves C.trousers D.glasses[]34.A.worried B.annoyed C.surprised D.disappointed[]35.A.when B.because C.unless D.though[]36.A.explained B.argued C.supposed D.quarreled[]37.A.peaceful B.familiar C.ordinary D.wonderful[]38.A.sent B.gave C.lent D.donated[]39.A.picked B.guided C.put D.dropped[]40.A.Ideas B.Tears C.Senses D.Words[]41.A.without B.on C.by D.upon[]42.A.pointed B.recovered C.watched D.noticed[]43.A.size B.use C.type D.weight[]44.A.turnedoff B.turnedto C.lookedfor D.lookedthrough[]45.A.takingout B.takingoff C.puttingup D.tryingon[]46.A.painfully B.comfortably C.fluently D.conveniently[]47.A.award B.dream C.feeling D.thought[]48.A.agree B.compete C.share D.provide[]49.A.offered B.refused C.returned D.remembered[]50.A.last B.little C.least D.most阅读理解（请挑出文章的并列句）BDearDisney,Lastweekend,thefourmembersofmyfamilyspentanenjoyableholidayattheMagicKingdom–Disneyland.Andoneeventmadeourvisitseemtrulymagical.WegottothefrontofthelineatSpaceMountain,onlytofindoutthatourlittledaughterGloriacouldn’ttakeherice-creamontheride.Weweresoexcitedthatweallforgotice-creamwasnotallowedontheride.Gloriabrokeintotearsandweallhadnoideawhattodo.ThenMurphy,oneofthestaffmembers,cameover.ShebentdownandtoldGloriathatshewouldholdtheice-creamforherandgiveittoherwhenshefinishedtheride.Gloriasaid,“Promise?”ThenshegaveMurphyherice-cream,andshecompletelyenjoyedtheride.Sureenough,aswewalkedouttheexit,therewasGloria’snewfriendwith“her”ice-cream.NowyouandIbothknowwhathappened,becauseweknowthatanice-creamwon’tlasttwentyminutesonasummerafternooninFlorida.Murphyknewwhattimewewouldgetofftheride;shewenttothenearestshopandboughtabrand-newice-creamthirtysecondsbeforewewalkedouttheexit.Gloriasaid,“Thankyou,”butI’msureshethoughtitwasthesameice-cream.Weknowthatsomeonetriedhardtomakeourvisitspecial.Thankssomuchforgoingaboveandbeyond!Yours,CarmenRivera[]54.Thefamily’svisittotheMagicKingdomwas_______.A.helpful B.awful C.frightening D.amazing[]55.Beforetheride,Gloriacriedbecause_______.A.shecouldn’tfindherparentsinthelineB.shewastoolittletotaketherideC.shecouldn’ttakeherice-creamontherideD.shehadtowaitfortwentyminutes[]56.Theunderlinedword“someone”inthelastparagraphrefersto________.A.Murphy B.Disney C.Gloria D.Carmen[]57.CarmenRiverawrotetheletterto______.A.orderice-creamsB.promisetovisitagainC.expressherthanksD.givesomesuggestionsUnit1TopicTalkprevious/ˈpriːviəs/adj.以前的，先前的senior/ˈsiːniə/adj.较高的，高级的secondary/ˈsekəndəri/adj.中级的；次要的stressful/ˈstresfəl/adj.充满压力的，紧张的challenging/ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/adj.富有挑战性的headteacher校长campus/ˈkæmpəs/n.校园schedule/ˈʃedjuːl/n.日程表，计划表expectation/ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/n.预料，预期；期待confidence/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n.自信，信心；信赖positive/ˈpɒzətɪv/n.优势，优点；adj.积极的negative/ˈneɡətɪv/n.劣势；adj.消极的chapter/ˈtʃæptə/n.一段时期；章节previously/ˈpriːviəsli/adv.以前，先前allinall总而言之，总的来说apartment/əˈpɑːtmənt/n.公寓套房am/ˌeɪˈem/(antemeridiem)午前，上午shift/ʃɪft/n.（工厂、医院等轮班制的）当班时间pressure/ˈpreʃə/n.压力recover/rɪˈkʌvə/vi.恢复健康，康复injury/ˈɪndʒəri/n.伤，损害plus/plʌs/adj.有利的，好的；perp.加unfortunately/ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地challenge/ˈtʃæləndʒ/n.挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战arise/əˈraɪz/vi.（问题或困难）出现，发生

【课后效果追踪方案】判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（ ）.I'mfine,buttired（ ）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（ ）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（ ）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（ ）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（ ）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（ ）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（ ）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（ ）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（ ）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（ ）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（ ）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（ ）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（ ）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（ ）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（ ）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（ ）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（ ）.It'sgreat（ ）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（ ）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（ ）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（ ）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（ ）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（ ）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（ ）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（ ）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（ ）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（ ）.完形填空2YouCanDoAnythingManyyearsago,mydadsufferedfromaterminal（末期的）heartcondition.Hewasunabletoworkatasteadyjob,buthewantedtodosomethingtokeephimself23,sohedecidedtovolunteeratthelocalchildrenhospital.Mydadlovedkids.Itwastheperfectjobforhim.Hewouldtalktothem,playwiththem,andgivecomforttothem.Oneofhiskidswasagirlwithararediseasethatparalyzed（使瘫痪）herfromtheneckdown.Shecouldn'tdo24,andshewasvery25.Mydaddecidedtohelpher.Hestarted26her,bringingpaints,brushesandpaper.Hestoodthepaperup,putthepaintbrushinhismouthandbegantopaint.Hedidn'tusehishandsatall.Onlyhisheadwould27.Allthewhilehewouldtellhershecoulddoanythingshe28hermindto.29,shebegantopaintusingher30,andtheybecamefriends.Soonafter,thelittlegirlleftthehospitalandmydadalsolefttherebecausehebecameill.Sometimelater,aftermydadhadrecoveredand31towork,hewasatthevolunteercounteronedayandnoticedthefrontdooropen.Incamethelittlegirl.Butthistimeshewaswalking.Sheranstraightovertomydadand32himreallytight.Shegavemydada33shehaddoneusingherhands.Atthebottomitread"Thankyouforhelpingme34."Tears35upinmyfather'seyeseverytimehetoldusthisstory.Hewouldsaysometimesloveismore36thandoctors,andmydad,wholovedeverychildinthathospital,reallymadea37.23.A.happy B.healthy C.fit D.busy24.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything25.A.upset B.excited C.frightened D.disappointed26.A.seeing B.knowing C.calling D.visiting27.A.shake B.nod C.move D.paint28.A.make B.put C.set D.change29.A.Finally B.However C.Besides D.Hopefully30.A.neck B.mouth C.hands D.fingers31.A.went B.came C.returned D.left32.A.hugged B.held C.pressed D.grasped33.A.book