江苏省南通市2024年八年级下学期期末英语试题附答案

八年级下学期期末英语试题一、单项选择1．Weworktogethertoachieveourcommonpurpose:tobuild____worldthatissafer,cleanerandhealthierthan____onewearelivingin.A．a;the B．the;the C．the;/ D．a;/2．—Manykidsaremadetolearninadvancebytheirparents.—It's"Pullingseedlingstohelpthemgrow"andgoes____therulesofchilddevelopment.A．as B．against C．with D．over3．—HaveyoudecidedwhethertotakethefamilytriptoXinghuaCauliflower?—No.Itdependsonthe____we'llcometoattonight'sfamilymeeting.A．conclusion B．conversation C．communication D．competition4．StartofSummeristhefirstsolartermofsummer.Peopleholdtraditionalactivitiessuchaseggcompetitionsandcheckingweightto____theirwishesforgoodhealthandahappylife.A．explain B．express C．expect D．excuse5．—Bobalwaysspendshissparetimesurfingthewebsite"AroundtheWorldinEightHours".—It'shisdreamto____atourismcompanytoshowpeopleplacesofinterestaftergraduation.A．giveup B．pickup C．makeup D．setup6．—It'simpolite____thewomantodroplitteratthemuseum.—Shereallyshouldlearn____inpublicsothatshecansetagoodexampletoherchildren.A．of;whattobehave B．for;howtobehaveC．of;howtobehave D．for;whattouse7．—MustIbringmystudentcardtorenewthesetwobooks?—No,you____,butyou____bringyourlibrarycard.A．mustn't;can B．can't;mustC．don'thaveto;need D．needn't;must8．—ShenzhouXVIwassuccessfullysetoutonMay30.____willtheastronautsreturn?—____theirtaskisfinishedinfivemonths.A．Howlong;Until B．When;NotuntilC．Howlong;Notuntil D．Howsoon;Until9．Theideaoftheinformationbelowareorganizedinthewayof____.TipsforMakingaFruitSaladFirst,chooseyourfavouritefruit.Then,washthefruit.Afterthat,cutsomeofthebiggerfruitintosmallpieces.Finally,mixthemtogetherandaddsomecreamifyoulike.A．timeorder B．generaltospecificC．specifictogeneral D．spaceorder10．—Ilostmywalletyesterday.Tomakethingsworse,myIDcardanddrivinglicensewereinit.—____.WeshouldlearntheimportanceofpreventingriskswithaPlanB.A．EverydoghasitsdayB．ItneverrainsbutpoursC．Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasketD．Don'tburnthecandleatbothends二、完形填空请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。MyfriendRichardwentfartowork,soheaskedmetotakecareofthecourtyardinthemountains.Heworkedhardandoftenkeptthecourtyard11．withoutanyweed.ButIwassolazy,just12．sweptthefallenleaves,thatIneverpluck（拔）grass,allowingittogrowrapidly.Intheearly13．,inMarch,theysproutedseveralclustersofbuds（长出几簇嫩芽）,whoseleavesweregreenandsoft.Amonthlater,whentheleaves14．richly,Idiscoveredtheywerelikewildorchidsinthewoods.Asthesummercameandpassed,thegrassreally15．.Theyshapedlikethoseforestorchids,16．theywereyellow,unlikethoseforestorchids,whoseflowerswerepurpleorbrownred.Ipickedoneflower,thenwenttofindafriendwhostudied17．.Onseeingit,myfriendimmediatelyaskedme18．Ipickedit."Yougetrich!"He19．explained."Thisisastrainofrareorchidwhichishardtofind.Nowthisorchidisworthatleast10,000dollarseach."ItoldthegoodnewstoRichard.Hewas20．.Afterawhile,hesaidgently,theorchidbrokethroughtheeartheveryyearandthoughtitwas21．weed,soheoftenuprooteditwhenitjustsprouted.Hecouldn'tstopsighing（叹气）,"Ihave22．killedakindofrareflower;ifIcouldwaitforittoflowerwith23．,itwouldhavebeendiscoveredafewyearsbefore."Yes,whowillnever24．somerareorchidsintheirownlives?Wealwayspluckthosewildweedsthathaven'tyetbloomedintimeanddon'tgivethemthetimetoflowerandbearfruittoprovetheirvalue.Giveeachgrassthetimetoflowerandgiveeverybodya25．toprovehisvalue.Don'tblindlypulloutabladeofgrassornegate（否定）apersoncurtlyandhowmany"rareorchids"wewillgetinourlives!11．A．natural B．clean C．fresh D．bright12．A．sometimes B．often C．never D．always13．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter14．A．fell B．rose C．covered D．spread15．A．grew B．happened C．flowered D．returned16．A．so B．and C．but D．or17．A．colors B．mountains C．seasons D．plants18．A．how B．where C．why D．when19．A．proudly B．successfully C．carefully D．excitedly20．A．worried B．surprised C．scared D．relaxed21．A．usual B．special C．popular D．rare22．A．hardly B．simply C．surely D．nearly23．A．happiness B．courage C．patience D．confidence24．A．miss B．find C．treasure D．keep25．A．view B．dream C．question D．chance三、阅读单选阅读单选Howcanyoudocalculations(计算)quickly?Thesedays,youcaneasilyuseacalculator.Buthowaboutpeopleinancienttimes?Intheverybeginning,thecleverestamongthemthoughtofusingstonesandseashells.Then,aroundthe2ndcenturyB.C.,theyinventedtheabacus.Someresearchersconsidertheinventiontobetheworld'soldest"calculator".InChina,peopleusedabacusestodocalculationsforthousandsofyears.Theabacusisusuallymadeofwood.Ithasmanybeads(珠子).Eachrod(竿)standsforadifferentdigit(数位).Therightmostisones,thesecondistens,thethirdishundreds,andsoon.Eachbeadinthecentralareahasavalue.Inthepast,theuseoftheabacuswastaughtinallschools.Itwasconsideredtobeanimportantskillthateverybodyneededtopickup.Wherevertherewasaneedforcalculations,anabacuswouldcomeintosight.Today,abacusesarenolongerwidelyused.Perhapsyouhaveneverseenone.However,wecanstillfeeltheimportantrolestheyonceplayed.Abacuseshavebecomeasymbol.Becausetheyusedtobeamust-haveforbusinesspeople,somehavecometobelievethatabacusescanhelptheirownersgatherwealth.26．Accordingtothepassage,whataretheworld'searliest"calculators"?A．Stones. B．Seashells. C．Abacuses. D．Beads.27．Whichnumberdoesthepictureinthepassagestandfor?A．3781. B．1873. C．1433. D．5423.28．Bywritingthispassage,theauthormainlywantedto____.A．introducetheabacustopeopleB．teachpeoplehowtousetheabacusC．trytomaketheabacuspopularagainD．explorewhytheabacusisnolongerpopular阅读单选I'mBlackBeauty,amalehorse.BeforeIwastakentoMrGordon,mymotherDuchessspoketome,"Allyounghorseshavetoleavemothers.Whateverhappens,trytobegentleandstayawayfrombadbehaviours."ThenIcametoMrGordon'shouse.Inthestable(马厩)nexttominewasalittlefatgreyhorse.Iputmyheadupandsaid,"Nicetomeetyou!What'syourname?"Heseemedunhappy."I'mMerrylegs.Youaremynewneighbor?"Isaidyes."Well,"hereplied,"Ihopeyouarewell-behaved.Idon'tlikeanyonewhobitespeople."Thenhewenton,"MrGordonshouldbethebestowner!"Atallbrownfemalehorseshoutedathim,"Nooneknowshowlongagoodhomewilllast!"Merrylegsloweredhisvoiceandwhispered,"She'sGingerwithabadhabitofbitingpeople."Theangryvoicecameagain,"Youdon'tknowanything!____,youwouldbitetoo.""PoorGinger!Whatmadehersounhappy?"Ithoughttomyself.ThenextdaywhenIworkedwithGinger,shetoldthewholestory."IwastakenawayearlyfromMotherandtherewasnokindmastertolookafterme.Mytrainingstartedwithseveralmenforcingmeagainstawall.Oneheldmynoseandanotherpulledmymouthopentoputabit(马嚼子)in.Theynevergavemeachancetounderstandwhattheywanted.""Howcouldthatbe?"Isaid."Afterthetraining,IwassoldtoamaninLondon,whodrovemewithabearingrein(缰绳).Itisakindofreinthatpullsyourneckallthewayback.Imagineyourneckonfirewithpain?""Horrible!"Icried."Afterthat,agentlemanfoundmeandhethoughtthatitwaswrongforafinehorsetogobadlikethat.SoIwasbroughthere,notlongbeforeyoucame.Weareluckyhere,"Gingersaid.Ifeltsorryaboutherpainfulexperienceswhichshowedexactlywhyshebitpeople."Shewasrudetopeoplebutshecouldn'tbethatwayalways.WhatcanIdoforher?"Icouldn'tstopthinkingaboutit.—AdaptedfromBlackBeauty29．Accordingtothestory,Ginger____hertraining.A．doubted B．enjoyed C．hated D．worriedabout30．Whichcanbeputin"____"inthestory?A．Ifyouhadnofoodtoeat.B．Ifyouwereafemalehorse.C．Ifyouwentthroughmylife.D．IfyouhadamasterlikeMrGordon.31．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．BlackBeautythoughtMrGordonwasthebestmasterhehadevermet.B．Merrylegshadabadhabitofbitingpeoplebecausehewastrainedrudely.C．GingerwasalittlefatgreyhorsethatlivedinthestablenexttoBlackBeauty's.D．BlackBeautyknewwhyGingerbitandhadpityonheraftershetoldherexperiences.32．Whatmightthewriterwriteaboutafterthispartofthestory?A．HowGingermetBlackBeauty.B．HowBlackBeautyhelpedGinger.C．WhereBlackBeautywouldgonext.D．WhenGingerwouldleavethishome.阅读单选Didyouknowthatvocabulary(词汇)ismoreimportantthangrammar?Ifyouhavegoodvocabulary,youcancommunicatesuccessfully,evenifthegrammarisnotcompletelyperfect.However,onecommonproblemislearningnewwordsandthenforgettingthem.Sowhenyouwanttouseanewwordinaconversation,youcan'trememberitatthatmoment.Doesthisoftenhappentoyou?Thereasonforthisdifficultyisthatmoststudentstrytolearnvocabularybystudyinglistsanddictionariesandrememberingthewords.Butitmaynotworkifyoudon'thaveaverygoodmemory.Thebestwaytolearnvocabularyandrememberthewordssuccessfullyistolearnnewwordsandusethematonce.Youcandothiswithaverysimpleexercise.Everytimeyoulearnanewword,forexample,fromanEnglishlessonoranarticle,writeitdowninyourvocabularynotebook.Writingismoreactivethanjustreadingadefinition(释义).Youshouldwritetheword,thedefinitioninEnglishortranslation,oneexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionaryandoneexamplesentencethatyoucreate.Imagineyoujustlearntheword"generous",writeinyourvocabularynotebook:generous(adjective),definition—givingorwillingtogivefreely.Exampleone,fromthearticle:Thanksforpayingformydinner,you'reverygenerous.Exampletwo,myexample:Mybrotherisgenerousbecausehevolunteersattheanimalshelter(收容所)onweekends.It'sbestifyourexamplesentencesaretruetoyourlife,becausethiscreatesapersonalconnectionwiththenewword.Thenextday,readyourvocabularynotebookagainandtrytoaddonemoreexamplesentenceusingthenewword.It'shelpfulforyoutorememberit.Thesetwosimplesteps—writingthewordandusingitatonce—helpyourememberandusenewwords.Doyouhaveavocabularynotebook?Ifnot,startnow.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A．Theproblem. B．Thenewword.C．Theconversation. D．Thedictionary.34．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingstepsoftakingvocabularynotes?①Makeyourownexamplesentence.②Writetheword,itsEnglishdefinitionortranslation.③Copyanexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionary.④Readyournotebookagainandaddonemoreexamplesentence.A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．③④②① D．③②①④35．Howcanwemakethebestexamplesentencesaccordingtothewriter?A．Byaskingforhelpfromfriends.B．Byexplainingwords'definitions.C．Byconnectingthemwithourlife.D．Byaddingwordsfromthearticle.36．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TipsforTranslatingWords B．AdviceonUsingGrammarC．AbilitiesofCreatingExamples D．WaysofLearningNewWords阅读单选Haveyoueverwatchedashowaboutthewild?Ashark(鲨鱼)eatsaseal!Lionsrundownagazelle!Isallnaturelikethat?Allabouteatingandblood?OristhatjustwhatkeepsoureyesgluedtotheTVscreen?Let'slookatsoniclivingthingswhoworkwitheachotherinsteadofrippingeachotherapart.Whenalionkillsagazelle,itwantstoeatasmuchasitcanandmaybesharetherestwithitsfamily.Therearesomelivingthingsthatwilltakesmallpiecesofanotherlivingthing'sbody.Parasitismiswhenonelivingthinggetsitsenergyfromanotherlivingthing,doesnotgiveanythingback,andhurtsthethingit'stakingthingsfrom.Nowlet'sgetalittlenicer.Sometimesalivingthingwillliveoffthebodyofanotherlivingthingwithouthurtingit.Theydonotstealanything.Theydonotbite.Commensalismiswhentwolivingthingslivetogetherandonegetsgoodthingsoutofitwhiletheotherisnothurtbyit.Haveyouseenapictureofawhale(鲸)withrockywhitethingsstucktoitsskin?Thosearebarnacles(藤壶).Theyattachthemselvestothewhale,sonothingwilltrytoeatthemandtheycaneatthingsthatfloatby.Nowlet'sgetreallynice.Whilesharksarebitingandlionsarefighting,arethereanyanimalsthatjustgetalong?Yes!Actually,therearemany.Mutualismiswhentwolivingthingsworktogetherandbothgetgoodthingsoutofit.Beesandflowersarethemostcommonexample.Withoutflowers,beescouldnotmakehoney.Withoutbees,flowerscouldnotmakenewseeds.It'swin-winforthesetwo.Therearelotsofanimalsthatgetalong.Birdswillliveonthebacksofzebrasandeattheticksthataredrinkingthezebra'sblood.Thebirdgetsfood.Thezebragetsitstickstakenaway.Insomeofthesecases,oneanimalcouldnotlivewithouttheother.Weusetheword"Symbiotic(共生的)"forallofthesekindsofrelationships.Sometimesit'sgoodforoneandbadfortheother.Sometimesit'sjustgoodforone.Sometimesit'sevengoodforboth.So,itisnicetoknowthattherearesomelivingthingsouttherethatarefindingwaystolivetogether.WecouldpayattentiontotheanimalsthatdonotalwaysmakeitonTV.37．ThewritermentionedaTVshowaboutthewildinParagraph1to____.A．tellastory B．solveamysteryC．Introduceasubject D．discussaprogramme38．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenbeesandflowers?A．Neighbours. B．Friends. C．Strangers. D．Partners.39．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthepassage?A．Byshowingpictures. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bypresentingreasons. D．Bydrawingconclusions.40．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theworldoflivingthingsremainstobeexplored.B．Moreactionsshouldbetakentoprotectlivingthings.C．TVprogrammesaboutlivingthingsrequiretobeimproved.D．Moremoneywillbespentondocumentariesaboutlivingthings.四、根据汉语提示填空41．—Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabad(情况)ifwelookforit.—It'ssotrue.Weshouldalwaysmakefulluseofwhatcomes.42．IntheEasternHanDynasty,（贸易）betweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadbegananditbuiltabridgebetweenChinaandWesterncountries.五、根据英文解释填空43．Milliehasmadeuphermindtoworkfor(twoormorecountriestakingpart)charitiessuchasUNICEFandORBIStohelpmaketheworldabetterplaceforeveryone.44．Thankstotheoldcouplewho（haveenoughmoneytopayfor）herbasiceducation,MandeepenteredUniversityofCopenhagen.六、根据句意填空45．BeijingOperaisatraditionalChineseartformwhichhasbeenfamousbothathomeand.七、多句选词填空请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺。knowmeanfivecarediscuss46．Afterseveralwithherfamily,MrGreydecidedtodonatehisbodyformedicalresearchafterhisdeath.47．Jimrealizedthepowerofandtechnologyaftertakingpartinthisactivity.48．—Whowouldyouliketorecommendforthisyear'sYoungStarAward?—LiHai.Theboywhotriedhisbestandfinishedencouragesmenottogiveup.49．ManycollegestudentsfindittovolunteerforeventsliketheSpecialOlympics.50．—Acarcrashedintoapinetreebytheroadsidetheotherday.Luckily,nobodygothurt.—Sorrytohearthat.Iguessthedriverwasdriving.请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。expectridetranslateexplainsupport51．Istilldon'trememberhowtobookhotelsonlinethoughTomittomecarefully.52．—IsWilliamgoingsailingwithusthisafternoon?—HeareportintoFrenchthewholemorning,butI'mnotsureifhe'sfinished.53．Thee-bikeDadboughtformeonmybirthdaywell.Ilikeitverymuch.54．—WhoOxfamthiscomingsummerholiday?—Bobis.HeandthetwinswilltakepartinacharitywalkandI'llgivespeeches.55．—Youlookquiteworried,Jenny.What'sup?—IwentforajobinterviewyesterdayandItheresult.八、短文首字母填空请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。Pollutionisoneoftheb56．problemsintheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,rubbishisthrownintolakesandrivers,somanyofthemarepolluted.Insomecities,theairisfilledwithpollution.Aswellaspeople,animalsarealsoharmedbypollution.Weneedtotakeactiontoprotectthee57．.Switzerlandisbeautifulwithhighmountainsandcleanbluelakes.InSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperares58．intodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.Evenoldclothesandshoescanberecycled.Thegovernmenthasmanylawstoprotectourearth.Forexample,peoplearenota59．tocutdowntrees.Otherwise,theywillbepunished.Rememberthateveryonecandosomethingtomakead60．.请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。RedPacketsinChineseCultureGivingHongbao（redpackets）isatraditioninChina.TraditionalredpacketsareoftendecoratedwithgoldChinesecharacters（汉字）,suchashappinessandwealth.HowredpacketsareusedDuringChineseNewYear,moneyisputinsideredpacketswhicharethenh61．outtoyoungergenerationsbytheirparents,grandparents,relatives,andevencloseneighboursandfriends.Thec62．RedrepresentsluckandgoodfortuneinChineseculture.ThatiswhyredpacketsareusedduringChineseNewYearandothercelebrations.HowtogiveandreceiveGivingandreceivingredpacketsisas63．act.Therefore,redpacketsarealwayspresentedandreceivedwithbothhands.SomeonewhoreceivesaredpacketatChineseNewYearoronhisorherbirthdayshouldnotopenitinfrontofthegiver.H64．,thingsaredifferentataChinesewedding（婚礼）,wheretheguestsusuallygivetheredpacketstotheattendantsandsigntheirnamesonalargescroll（longpieceofpaper）.Theattendantswillopenthepackets,andr65．itonaregister（登记簿）atoncenexttotheguests'names.Theamount（数量）Theamountofmoneyisrelativetoyourrelationship（关系）tothepersonwhoreceivesit—thec66．yourrelationshipis,themoremoneyisexpected.Anyway,itisnottheamountofthemoneythatmatters,butthecareandloveyouholdforothers.WhatnottogiftCertainamountsofmoneyshouldbea67．.Anythingwithafourisnotgoodbecausefoursoundss68．todeathinChinese.Evennumbers（偶数）arebetterthanoddnumberse69．four,asgoodthingsarebelievedtocomeinpairs.Forexample,gifting￥20isbetterthan￥21.Besides,moneyinsidearedpacketshouldalwaysbenew.Hongbaoisasymbolofgoodl70．aswellasasignoflovefromothers.ItisaChinesetraditionalculturewhichwillbepassedonforever.九、阅读回答问题阅读与回答问题请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。ChinahassuccessfullygrownriceatTiangongspacestationSincehumanssentthefirstsatellite（卫星）tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowfoodinspaceifhumanswillonedaylivethere.Arecentexperiment（实验）attheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission."Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell,"saidZhengHuiqiong,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevarietyhavereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety（矮秆水稻品种）havegrownto5centimeters.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithamature（成熟的）plantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated（突变的）seeds,thankstomicrogravity（微重力）,lackofairandcosmicrays（宇宙射线）.Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（产量）onearth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.Theyareplantedeveryyearinfieldsthatcovertensofmillionsofhectares（公顷）.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare"spacestrawberries",and"spacebananas"withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.71．Whenwasthefirstsatellitesenttospace?72．WhatexperimenthavetheChineseastronautssuccessfullydoneatTiangongSpaceStation?73．Whatcausestheseedstomutate?74．HowmanynewkindsofseedshasChinadevelopedinspace?75．Whydopeoplesupportspacefood-growingexp