商务翻译10教材

第十讲商务英语翻译ExercisesBusiness-to-consumersalesrepresentthetraditionaltypeofe-commercemarketplaceinwhichanonlinecompanyprovidesaproducttoanendcustomer.TheproductmaybedeliveredovertheInternet(suchasanelectronicgreetingcard)orshippedfromadistributioncentertothecustomer.PackagedeliverycompaniessuchasUPSandFedEXhaveplayedanimportantroleinthiskindofe-commerce.Business-to-consumersalesrepresentthetraditionaltypeofe-commercemarketplaceinwhichanonlinecompanyprovidesaproducttoanendcustomer.TheproductmaybedeliveredovertheInternet(suchasanelectronicgreetingcard)orshippedfromadistributioncentertothecustomer.PackagedeliverycompaniessuchasUPSandFedEXhaveplayedanimportantroleinthiskindofe-commerce.企业对消费者式销售代表了传统的电子商务市场模式。在这一市场模式中，在线公司提供产品给终端用户。产品可以通过网络传送（如电子贺卡），或从分销中心运送给顾客。像UPS快递和联邦快递公司等在这种电子商务模式中扮演了重要角色。Inreality,itmightactuallybemoreriskytopaybycreditcardatyourlocalmallthanonline.Manybrick-and-mortarretailersaresimplynotwellprotectedagainsttoday’shackers.Identitythievescansquatoutsideofphysicalstoresandstealpersonalcreditcarddataoffofunencryptedwirelesstransactions.Hacker:黑客Unencrypted:未加密的Inreality,itmightactuallybemoreriskytopaybycreditcardatyourlocalmallthanonline.Manybrick-and-mortarretailersaresimplynotwellprotectedagainsttoday’shackers.Identitythievescansquatoutsideofphysicalstoresandstealpersonalcreditcarddataoffofunencryptedwirelesstransactions.现实世界里，在本地商场使用信用卡支付比在线支付更有风险。许多实体店里的零售商对如今的黑客没有很好地预防措施。身份窃贼可能就蹲在实体商店外边准备偷窃没有加密的无线交易个人信用卡数据。金融与证券Financeandsecurities金融（banking/finance）是货币流通和信用活动以及与之联系的经济活动的总称。证券（securities）是多种经济权益凭证的统称。与欧美相比，我国金融业与证券业还不够成熟。随着中国经济日益融入世界，金融与证券投资领域迫切需要相关人才。就实际情况而言，目前最需要的是通晓金融证券知识，谙熟金融证券规则与条例，并能从事商务英语翻译的复合型人才，以便在金融证券投资多元化、国际化的背景下，提高金融证券投资技巧，加强风险控制与管理。教学目标：掌握相关术语和机构名称，能初步使用相关知识进行简单的英译汉工作。本章同样将出现大量需要记忆的金融证券相关术语基本词汇证券：security(通常为复数securities)债券：bond国债：treasurybond金融机构：financialinstitution股票交易所：stockexchanges信托投资公司：trustandinvestmentcompanies国际收支：balanceofpayments复式记账法：double-entrybookkeeping赤字：deficit盈余：surplus金融资产：financialassets条款：provision抵押：mortgage利息与本金：interestandprincipal筹集资金：raisefunds普通股股票：commonstocks股息/红利：dividend流动性：liquidity外汇：foreignexchange电汇：telegraphictransfers支票：chequeChina’sbondmarket中国的债券市场China’sbondmarketiscomposedbytheinter-bankbondmarketandtheexchange-tradedbondmarket.Themajorbondsaretreasurybondsandfinancialbonds(bondissuedbytheImportandExportBankofChina,ChinaDevelopmentBankandotherpolicybanks),withasmallnumberofcorporatebondsandconvertiblebonds.Thetransactionmodelsincludespottradingandrepurchasetrading.Financialbond:金融债Corporatebond：企业债Convertiblebond：可转换公司债Repurchasetrading:回购交易China’sbondmarketiscomposedbytheinter-bankbondmarketandtheexchange-tradedbondmarket.Themajorbondsaretreasurybondsandfinancialbonds(bondissuedbytheImportandExportBankofChina,ChinaDevelopmentBankandotherpolicybanks),withasmallnumberofcorporatebondsandconvertiblebonds.Thetransactionmodelsincludespottradingandrepurchasetrading.中国的债券市场主要由银行间债券市场和交易所债券市场组成。债券品种主要是国债和金融债（指中国进出口银行、国家开发银行等政策性银行发行的债券），还有少量企业债和可转换公司债。交易方式包括现货交易和回购交易。马上练：Theinter-bankbondmarketisthekeyplatformforblocktradingofbonds（大宗债券交易）betweenfinancialinstitutions（金融机构）.ThePeople’sBankofChinadoesnottradeintheexchange-tradebondmarket.Thecommercialbanksarenotallowedtoaccessthismarketyet.Themajorproductsintheexchange-tradebondmarketincludetreasurybonds,corporatebondsandasmallnumberofconvertiblebonds.Theinter-bankbondmarketisthekeyplatformforblocktradingofbonds（大宗债券交易）betweenfinancialinstitutions（金融机构）.银行间债券市场是金融机构之间大宗债券交易的主要场所。ThePeople’sBankofChinadoesnottradeintheexchange-tradebondmarket.Thecommercialbanksarenotallowedtoaccessthismarketyet.中国人民银行不参与交易所债券市场交易。商业银行目前尚未获准进入该市场。Themajorproductsintheexchange-tradebondmarketincludetreasurybonds,corporatebondsandasmallnumberofconvertiblebonds.交易所债券市场交易品种主要是国债和企业债，还有少量可转换公司债。国际收支balanceofpaymentsThebalanceofpaymentsisameasurementofalltransactionsbetweendomesticandforeignresidentsoveraspecificperiodoftime.Theuseofwords“alltransactions”canbemisleading,sincesometransactionsmaybeestimated.Therecordingoftransactionsisdonebydouble-entrybookkeeping.Thatis,eachtransactionisrecordedasbothacreditanddebit.Thus,totalcreditsanddebitswillbeidenticalforacountry’sbalanceofpaymentsinaggregate（总计）.Measurement：测量，衡量Credit：借方Debit：贷方Thebalanceofpaymentsisameasurementofalltransactionsbetweendomesticandforeignresidentsoveraspecificperiodoftime.Theuseofwords“alltransactions”canbemisleading,sincesometransactionsmaybeestimated.Therecordingoftransactionsisdonebydouble-entrybookkeeping.Thatis,eachtransactionisrecordedasbothacreditanddebit.Thus,totalcreditsanddebitswillbeidenticalforacountry’sbalanceofpaymentsinaggregate（总计）.国际收支是测量一定时期内所有国内与国外居民之间的交易状况。使用“所有交易”可能会产生误导，因为有些交易可能是估计出来的。交易的记录采用复式记账法。就是说，每笔交易都必须分别计入贷方和借方。这样，贷方和借方总额等于一个国家的国际收支总额。

马上练Abalance-of-paymentscanbebrokendowninto（分成）variouscomponents.Thosereceivemostattentionarethecurrentaccount（经常项目）andthecapitalaccount（资本项目）.Transactionsthatreflectinflowsoffunds（资金流入）createapositivenumber正数(credit)tothecountry’sbalance,whiletransactionsthatreflectoutflowsoffundscreateanegativenumber(debit)tothecountry’sbalance.Abalance-of-paymentscanbebrokendowninto（分成）variouscomponents.Thosereceivemostattentionarethecurrentaccount（经常项目）andthecapitalaccount（资本项目）.国际收支平衡可以分成不同项目。其中最引人瞩目的是经常项目和资本项目。Transactionsthatreflectinflowsoffunds（资金流入）createapositivenumber正数(credit)tothecountry’sbalance,whiletransactionsthatreflectoutflowsoffundscreateanegativenumber(debit)tothecountry’sbalance.反映资金流入的交易在一国的国际收支平衡里为正数（贷方），反映资金流出的交易在一国的国际收支平衡里为负数（借方）。金融市场的作用functionsoffinancialmarketsApartfromborrowingfrombanks,afirmoranindividualcanobtainfundsinafinancialmarketintwoways.Themostcommonmethodistoissueadebtinstrument,suchasabondoramortgage.Thesecondmethodofraisingfundsisbyissuingequities,suchascommonstocks.Debtinstrument:债务工具Issuingequities:发行股票Apartfromborrowingfrombanks,afirmoranindividualcanobtainfundsinafinancialmarketintwoways.Themostcommonmethodistoissueadebtinstrument,suchasabondoramortgage.Thesecondmethodofraisingfundsisbyissuingequities,such