高中英语定语从句精讲精练

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载高中英语定语从句精讲精练定语从句（学生版）【知识储备】1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。3、“介词+which”与when,where和“介词+what”。4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。5、as和which引导的非限制性从句之异同。6、关系代词的省略。7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。9、where,when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。1.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,____shewantedtobe.(05年高考湖北卷第29题)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which2.____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题)A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since3.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs____theyarebeingtrained.A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich4.---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?Right,justtheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(05福建A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what5.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.(05年高考山东卷第30题)A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis6.Lastmonth,partsofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(05)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what7.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where8.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.(05年高考全国卷I第24题)A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom9.Iwalkedinourgarden,____TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.05年A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that10.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.(04年高考湖北卷第29题)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

2、先行词为时间名词、地点名词和reason时，是选用关系代词，关系副词还是“介词+which”呢？在考查定语从句时往往结合一定的情景，因此，在解答时，必须根据情景和结构功能来选择所给的引导词。同时，还必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由先行词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是thereason时，关系词why决非唯一。我们应仔细分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。①Istillrememberthedays____wespentinthecountrysidetenyearsago.A.whenB.onwhichC.thatD.forwhich②Days,____Ivisitedtenyearsago,hasturnedbigcity.A.whereB.xC.whichD.towhich③Haveyouaskedherforthereason____mayexplainforherabsence?A.whyB.thatC.xD.forwhich④Thedaysaregoneforever____wedidn’thaveenoughtoeat.A.sinceB.thatC.whereD.when⑤Thisistheveryplace____theanti-Japanesesoldiersfoughtover60yearsago.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there3、定语从句必须修饰一个名词或代词，没有先行词的定语从句是不可想象的。有时，先行词并非一个词乃为一个完整的句子。1、Helivesin_____iscalledDaQuangou.2.Doyouknowtheplacein____heusedtolive?3.Isthereahospitalaround____Icanbuysomemedicineforcough?4.Thehospitalisbuilton________wasafield?5.Thehospitalisbuilt__________itwasahospital.6.Heisstillworking____hehasworkedfortenyears.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which4、as和which引导的非限制性从句之异同（1）as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarriedthegirl,as/whichwasnatural.（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于asisknown,assb.canknow,assb.know,asiswellknown,asitis,asissaidabove等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如”，“好象”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.（3）当定语从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用which.如：Hecamelatethismorning,whichmadetheteacherveryangry.（4）当先行词由such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的用一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。5、定语从句与同位语从句之区别（1）定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforBeijing.Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear（2）定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，在从句中一般不充当成分；有时也由where,how,when,who,whether,what等连词引导。但其说明之词并非时间、地点、方式等名词。Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.6、定语从句与强调句型之区别关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉itis(was)…that后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中that是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉that句子是不成立的。ItisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.Itisinthefactorythatheworks.7、where,when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别当where、when从句是定语从句时，其前必有一地点名词、时间名词，此时，可换用“介词+which”。当前面没有地点名词、时间名词时，我们不可用“介词+which”来取代where连接的从句，因为此时的where、when从句乃名词性从句或状语从句。Wherethereefended,therewasasharpdroptothesandyoceanfloorTherewasasharpdroptothesandyoceanfloorintheplacewherethereefended.Wherethereisariver,thereisabigcity.Makeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whereB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which2.Wearejusttryingtoreachapoint__bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which3.Ifyouaretravelling___thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where【检测性练习】1.Ihopethatthelittle______Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when2.______,thefineshallbepaidincash.A.ThatweallknowB.Weallknow.C.ItisknowntousallD.Asweallknow3.Isthehotel______offeredyouajob_____youstayedthefirsttimeyouarrivedhere?A.theonethat;whereB.that;whereC.where;thatD.theone;where4.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tanyone______shecouldtalkwith.A.thatB.whoseC.forwhomD.whom5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,werebroken.A.withwhichB.withitC.withoutwhichD.withoutit6.---Howdoyoulikethefilm?---It’squitedifferentfrom______IsawlastSaturdayevening.A.whichB.theoneC.thatD.it7.Haven’tyougotthesameshirt______heiswearing?A.thatB.whichC.asD.what8.Thehouse______doorsandwindowsarepinkbelongstotheWhites.A.whoseB.whichC.itsD.that9.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespentinthecountryside.A.whenB.thatC.onwhichD.what10.Thefactory______wevisitedlastSundaywastheone______myfatheronceworkedyearsago.A.where;whereB.that;thatC.where;inwhichD.that;11.Thehousewasbuiltonahillside,______wasapleasant,windyvalley.A.belowwhichB.underwhichC.bywhichD.behindwhich12.Thistestisforthestudents______nativelanguageisnotEnglish.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhom13.ImetMaryagain,______Ihadspokenaboutsomethingimportant.A.whoB.towhomC.whoseD.ofwhom14.TheforeignermustbefromAfrica,______canbeseenfromhisskin.A.itB.thatC.whatD.as15.I’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_____hasgreateffortonmylife.A.which;thatB.when;whichC.that;whichD.when,who高考英语语法多角度考查定语从句一、疑问句中考查定语从句1.Isthisthefarm________youvisitedlastweek?A.whereB.theoneC.onwhichD./二、倒装句中考查定语从句2.Wecametoaplace,________stoodabigtower.A.whichB.thatC./D.where三、拆分词组和固定搭配3.Thesecondisconnectedwiththeuse________thebodymakesoffood.A.ofwhichB.whereC.todoD.that4.Whycan'tyourealizethepart________theyhaveplayedinourlife?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where四、添加插入语或状语5.Thescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery,_______Ibelieveisofgreatimportance.A.thatB./C.whichD.why五、插入非谓语动词6.Isthistheman________youwanttohave________theradioforme?A.who;repairedB.that;repairedC.whom;repairingD.that;repair小试牛刀：1.Wasitintheshop________soldchildren'sclothingthatyoulostyourwallet?A./B.whereC.thatD.when2.Thankyouforthedifficulty________youhavehadpaintingthehouse.A.whenB./C.whyD.where3.Isthereanyonearoundthefactory________knowshowtooperatethecomputer?A.whoB.whichC.whereD.inwhich4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplan________theywouldliketosee________thenextyear.A.that;carriedoutB.who;carriedoutC.which;carryoutD.that;carryingout5.Shewasmuchdisappointedtoseethebeautifulcloth________shehadmade________withlotsofspots.A.which;coverB.that;coveredC./;coveringD.where;covering6.Lincoln,________lifewasoncehard,wereelectedPresidentofAmerican.A.forwhomB.whoC.towhomD./定语从句【知识储备】1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。3、“介词+which”与when,where和“介词+what”。4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。5、as和which引导的非限制性从句之异同。6、关系代词的省略。7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。9、where,when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。1.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,____shewantedtobe.(05年高考湖北卷第29题)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which2.____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题)A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since3.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs____theyarebeingtrained.A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich4.---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?Right,justtheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(05福建A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what5.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.(05年高考山东卷第30题)A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis6.Lastmonth,partsofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(05)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what7.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where8.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.(05年高考全国卷I第24题)A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom9.Iwalkedinourgarden,____TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.05年A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that10.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.(04年高考湖北卷第29题)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

【考点诠释】1、定语从句中的关系词之三大功能

作用关系词连接作用替代先行词在从句中充当某一成分关系代词who√人主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）whom√人宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose√人/物定语（可用of+which取代）which√物/句子主语/宾语/表语that√人/物主语/宾语/表语as√人/物/句子主语/宾语/表语关系副词when√时间名词时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代）where√地点名词地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代）why√thereason原因状语（可用“for+which”取代）2、先行词为时间名词、地点名词和reason时，是选用关系代词，关系副词还是“介词+which”呢？在考查定语从句时往往结合一定的情景，因此，在解答时，必须根据情景和结构功能来选择所给的引导词。同时，还必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由先行词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是thereason时，关系词why决非唯一。我们应仔细分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。请比较下面的句子，看看你能否作出正确的选择。试一试吧，你能行的！①Istillrememberthedays____wespentinthecountrysidetenyearsago.A.whenB.onwhichC.thatD.forwhich②Days,____Ivisitedtenyearsago,hasturnedbigcity.A.whereB.xC.whichD.towhich③Haveyouaskedherforthereason____mayexplainforherabsence?A.whyB.thatC.xD.forwhich④Thedaysaregoneforever____wedidn’thaveenoughtoeat.A.sinceB.thatC.whereD.when⑤Thisistheveryplace____theanti-Japanesesoldiersfoughtover60yearsago.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there3、定语从句必须修饰一个名词或代词，没有先行词的定语从句是不可想象的。有时，先行词并非一个词乃为一个完整的句子。“介词+which”前一定有一个时间、地点名词；而“介词+what”前往往无时间、地点名词。请量体裁衣，好吗？大胆一点，你会成为一名高级缝纫师的！1、Helivesin_____iscalledDaQuangou.2.Doyouknowtheplacein____heusedtolive?3.Isthereahospitalaround____Icanbuysomemedicineforcough?4.Doyouknowthehospitalaround____standalotofbuildings?5.Heisstillworking____hehasworkedfortenyears.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which4、as和which引导的非限制性从句之异同as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法既有相同之处，也存不同之点。具体情况是：（1）as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarriedthegirl,as/whichwasnatural.（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于asisknown,assb.canknow,assb.know,asiswellknown,asitis,asissaidabove等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如”，“好象”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.（3）当定语从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用which.如：Hecamelatethismorning,whichmadetheteacherveryangry.（4）当先行词由such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的用一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。5、定语从句与同位语从句之区别（1）定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforBeijing.（定语从句）Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear（同位语从句）（2）定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，在从句中一般不充当成分；有时也由where,how,when,who,whether,what等连词引导。但其说明之词并非时间、地点、方式等名词。Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.（定语从句）Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位语从句）Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.（同位语从句）6、定语从句与强调句型之区别关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉itis(was)…that后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中that是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉that句子是不成立的。ItisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.（定语从句）Itisinthefactorythatheworks.（强调句型）7、where,when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别当where、when从句是定语从句时，其前必有一地点名词、时间名词，此时，可换用“介词+which”。当前面没有地点名词、时间名词时，我们不可用“介词+which”来取代where连接的从句，因为此时的where、when从句乃名词性从句或状语从句。【检测性练习】1.Ihopethatthelittle______Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when2.______,thefineshallbepaidincash.A.ThatweallknowB.Weallknow.C.ItisknowntousallD.Asweallknow3.Isthehotel______offeredyouajob_____youstayedthefirsttimeyouarrivedhere?A.theonethat;whereB.that;whereC.where;thatD.theone;where4.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tanyone______shecouldtalkwith.A.thatB.whoseC.forwhomD.whom5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,werebroken.A.withwhichB.withitC.withoutwhichD.withoutit6.---Howdoyoulikethefilm?---It’squitedifferentfrom______IsawlastSaturdayevening.A.whichB.theoneC.thatD.theoft7.Haven’tyougotthesameshirt______heiswearing?A.thatB.whichC.asD.what8.Thehouse______doorsandwindowsarepinkbelongstotheWhites.A.whoseB.whichC.itsD.that9.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespentinthecountryside.A.whenB.thatC.onwhichD.what10.Thefactory______wevisitedlastSundaywastheone______myfatheronceworkedyearsago.A.where;whereB.that;thatC.where;inwhichD.that;11.Thehousewasbuiltonahillside,______wasapleasant,windyvalley.A.belowwhichB.underwhichC.bywhichD.behindwhich12.Thistestisforthestudents______nativelanguageisnotEnglish.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhom13.ImetMaryagain,______Ihadspokenaboutsomethingimportant.A.whoB.towhomC.whoseD.ofwhom14.TheforeignermustbefromAfrica,______canbeseenfromhisskin.A.itB.thatC.whatD.as15.I’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_____hasgreateffortonmylife.A.which;thatB.when;whichC.that;whichD.when,who高考英语语法多角度考查定语从句定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力，现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：一、疑问句中考查定语从句1.Isthisthefarm________youvisitedlastweek?A.whereB.theoneC.onwhichD./【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。二、倒装句中考查定语从句2.Wecametoaplace,________stoodabigtower.A.whichB.thatC./D.where【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变