广东省东莞市2024年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题（含解析）

东莞市2024年第二学期期末教学质量监测高二英语(本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试时间120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节:满分20分)第一节听力理解(两段共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第1段材料，回答第1~2题。1.WhatfooddoesMarylike?A.Fish.B.Chicken.C.Beef.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inamarket.C.Inarestaurant.第2段材料，回答第3~5题。3.WhatdidTomdoyesterday?A.Hewatchedamovie.B.Hestayedathome.C.Hewenttowork.4.WhattimewilltheymeetthisFridayevening?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.5.WhichofthefollowingwillTombuy?A.Drinks.B.Tickets.C.Flowers.第二节听取信息(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)听下面一段独白。请从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入答题卡标号为6~10空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。第二部分阅读理解(共两节:满分375分)第一节(共10小题:每小题25分，满分25分)读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABruceLeewasanactor,martialarts(武术)masterandfilmmaker.Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.HewasborninSanFrancisco,althoughhisparentscamefromHongKong.Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.Lee'sphilosophyonmartialartsinfluencedhisentireapproachtolife.Hefirmlybelievedthatlifehadtobelivedtoitsfullestpotential.Andapersonshouldfollowhisbeliefsandliveanactivelife.Hewasconvincedthatifyoulivedalifeworthyofbeingremembered,youwouldliveinpeople'sheartforever.BruceLeecertainlyachievedthis,asheisalsorespectedastheoriginatorofwhattodayiscalledMixedMartialArts(MMA).BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.1.WhatisthemajorreasonleadingLeeintofilms?A.Hisfamily.B.Histalent.C.Histraining.D.Hisnationality.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeaccordingtothepassage?A.Caring.B.Honest.C.Determined.D.Humorous.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutLee?A.Hisfathertaughthimmartialarts.B.Heistheoriginatorofmartialarts.C.Hismartialartsinfluencepeoplealot.D.Hewasthemostfamousactorinthe20century.BWhenIwasaboy,Idislikedthefeelingof“beingastranger”ifmyfamilywentonholidaytoanothercountry.Attheageofseven,wewenttovisitafamilyfriendinFrance.IhadbeenpracticingmyFrenchandwasexcitedtouseit.IspokethefirstFrenchwordsinabakeryinParis.Despiteacarefullypreparedrequest,Iwasnotreadyfortherapidfireresponse.Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!IwassoupsetandknewifIwantedtogetbetter,Iwouldhavetoputinmoreefforts.IstartedstudyingChineseaftermytriptoChinaandIstudiedatBeijingNormalUniversityinthelate1990s.IknewthelanguagewouldhelpmetounderstandChinabetter.LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.AlthoughIstudiedlanguagesbeforejoiningtheforeignoffice,IhopedthatonedayIwouldworkinternationally.AsanativeEnglishspeaker,Ididn’texpectpeopletounderstandmewhiletravelingtheworld.Iwantedtomakeeffortstounderstandothersthroughtheirlanguages.Learningalanguagealsoimproveshowyouexpressyourself.Whenyouhavelimitedvocabulary,youhavetocreativelycommunicateyourmessagesandmeanings.Thiscanalsobenefitcommunicationskillsinyourfirstlanguage.You’llbecomemoreawareofthewordsyouuseandhowyouwantpeopletorespond.Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.4.Whatupsettheauthorinthebakery?A.Hedidn’tmeethisfriend.B.Hecouldn’tspeakFrench.C.Hedidn’tpreparetherequest.D.Hecouldn’tunderstandthegirl.5.WhydidtheauthorstudyRussian?A.ToliveinRussia.B.Totraveltheworld.C.Tojointheforeignoffice.DTolearnmoreaboutRussia.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Waysoflearningforeignlanguages.B.Benefitsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Effortsneededtospeakalanguagewell.D.Differentlanguagesindifferentcountries.CRobotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertip(指尖)whichbreaksthatlimitation.Itenablesmachinestosenseobjectsasahumanfingertipdoes.Engineershavebeenworkinghardtomakerobotsflexibleandsensitive.Whenresearchersfromauniversitybegandesigninganartificialfingertipin2009,theyusedhumanskinasaguide.Theirfirstfingertipwasaboutthesizeofacokecan.By2018,3Dprintingmadeitaboutthesizeofanadult'sbigtoe,withthemulti-layeredstructurelikehumanskin.ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandactaccordinglylikearealfinger.“Alotofoursenseoftouchisdecidedbyourskin,”saysprofessorBenjamin,leaderoftheresearchteam.Inourfingertips,nerveendingswilldeformwhentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.Similarly,thenervenetworksofTacTippickupandtranslatethosesignalsintothefingertip'sactions,tellingrobotstohandleobjectsofallshapesandsizeswithoutprogramming,accordingtoBenjamin.SomescientistsdoubtwhetherTacTipisonlyjustskin-like.Thesignalsfromtheartificialandhumanfingertipsarenotquitethesame,asthesignalsinrealskinaremoreintense.Otherscientiststhinkhighlyofthisbreakthrough.“Atleastithelpsclarifyhowhumantouchworksandisanecessarysteptoimproverobotictouch,”saysprofessorSmith,amaterialscientist.7.Whydoesthewritermention“anegg”inParagraph1?A.Tofindasolutionforengineers.BToshowrobotshavelimitations.CTotellhowrobotssenseobjects.D.Toexplainwhyrobotsoftenfail.8.Whichofthefollowingplaysthemostimportantroleinthelatestbreakthrough?A.Artificialnervenetworks.B.3Dprinting.C.Multi-layeredstructure.D.Humanskin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deform”meaninParagraph4?A.Develop.B.Stopworking.C.Decrease.D.Changeshapes.10.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TacTipChangesHowTouchWorksinHumansB.RobotsHaveBecomeMoreFlexibleandSensitiveC.ArtificialFingertipGivesRobotsHuman-likeTouchD.EngineersHaveAchievedaBreakthroughin3DPrinting第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imaginetakingavoyagetothedeepestpartoftheocean.Whattypesofthingwouldyouexpecttosee?Wouldyouseefamiliaranimalsandplantsorfindstrangeandnewones?Scientistskeeplookingfornewspeciesandnewfacts.____11____.DivingdeepintheoceanThedeepocean,1,000metersbelowthesurface,isfreezingcold.What’sworse,thewaterpressurecanharmyouifyoudon’thaveprotectivedeviceson.Therefore,deepdiverswearspecialdivingsuitstoprotectthemselvesfromthewaterpressure.____12____,someofwhichhaverobotarmsthatcancollectsamplesofwater,soil,andsmallanimalsunderwater.UsingsatellitesfortrackingSatellitesupinspacecanhelptotrackseaanimalstravelsintheocean.Scientistsattachsomeanimalswithelectronicsensorstostudythem.Then,asatellitecantrackthesignalfromthesensorattachedontheanimal’sfinorback.____13____.Besides,scientistscanusethissignaltopredicttheanimal’sfuturemovements.____14____Whattypesofanimalsareintheocean?Howmanyarethere?Oceanographersstudiedandcountedanimalsfortenyearstodiscovertheanswers.Theylookedatalltheworld’soceansfromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Theycountedmorethan30,000speciesinmorethan30millionrecords.Morethan6,000newspecieshadneverbeenseenbefore!However,notalltheanimalshavebeendiscovered.____15____.Therearemanymoresurprisestocome!A.CountingseaanimalsB.LivingdeepunderwaterC.Themoretheyexplore,themoretheyfindD.Itshowswhen,where,andhowtheanimaltravelsE.Forreallydeepdives,theyrideinsmallsubmarinesF.LifeismorediversethanpeoplepreviouslythoughtG.Withsensors,somefishhavetraveledover75,000kilometers第三部分语言知识运用(共两节:满分37.5分)第一节完形填空(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MartinandWeiss,bothwereartteachersinalocalprimaryschool.Theyspoketotheirstudents,aged6to11,aboutthe____16____ofopeningahotline.Theteachersaskedthestudentstothinkofhowtheystayed____17____throughoutthepandemic(大流行病).Theyalsoaskedthemtorecallmomentswhentheywereintroubleandreceivedhelpful____18____.“Soalloftheresponsesarereallycomingfromthekidsandtheirownlife____19____.Andtheiradviceisbasedontheir____20____yearsonthisplanet,”Martinsaid.Theteachersandtheirstudentsalsohunganumberofpostersthroughoutthetown____21____positivemessages.ThehotlinewaslaunchedonFebruary26and____22____morethan500callsinjusttwodays.It____23____receivesupto90callsperhour.Afterdialing,you’llbeprovidedwithamenuofoptions,suchaslifeadvice,encouragementandeven____24____songsfromkindergartners.Amy,who____25____aseriousdisease,saysshehascalledthehotlineseveraltimesforencouragementandhaseven____26____itwithfellowpatients.“It’sjoy,straightfromtheMouthsof____27____,”shetoldthejournalist.“Weadultsforgetthat____28____spreadingpositivethinkingcanreallybethat____29____.”Thehotline,whichisfundedbyacharity,willbe____30____withmoremessagesinthecomingmonths.Martinhopestofindmorefundingtokeepthehotlineoperatingwell.16.A.theory B.idea C.code D.tale17.A.positive B.polite C.modest D.curious18.A.patent B.clues C.advice D.conclusions19.A.quotes B.meanings C.goals D.experiences20.A.busy B.late C.short D.extra21.A.editing B.sending C.checking D.correcting22.A.received B.made C.missed D.refused23.A.suddenly B.randomly C.currently D.apparently24.A.scary B.complex C.boring D.cheerful25.A.worriesabout B.workson C.findsout D.suffersfrom26.A.combined B.shared C.created D.compared27.A.teachers B.patients C.kids D.adults28.A.diseases B.justice C.rumours D.kindness29.A.formal B.simple C.strange D.urgent30.A.updated B.bothered C.covered D.charged第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置。31.Childrenhave________urgetomeettheastronautscomingbackfromtheShenzhouXIIspacecraft.(用适当的词填空)32.Hestayedinhospital________(temporary)beforehemovedintothenursinghomenotfaraway.(所给词的适当形式填空)33.Bejjing2022WinterOlympicsattractedagreatmany________(participant)worldwide.(所给词的适当形式填空)34.________sportsappsbecomingpopular,moreandmorepeoplearedoingexerciseathome.(用适当的词填空)35.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingconstantly,________meansweneednewresourcestomeettheneedsofpeople.(用适当的词填空)36.Pepperisanimportantpartofdailylifeforpeople________(live)inSichuanprovince.(所给词的适当形式填空)37.Ioftensleepwiththewindowsopen________itisreallynoisyoutside.(用适当的词填空)38.Thecarnivalheldinourschoollastweek________(sponsor)byseveralfamousgraduates.(所给词的适当形式填空)39.Lilycouldn'tfindmymissingparcelandaskedmewhat________lookedlike.(用适当的词填空)40.________(describe)assoftpower,cultureplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofsociety.(所给词的适当形式填空)第四部分写作(共三节;满分55分)第一节句子考查(第51~54小题每空0.5分，第55~57小题每题3分，满分15分)根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。41.Youngsterstendto________it________________(认为理所当然)thatparentsshoulddoeverythingforthemandgivethemwhatevertheywant.42.Ididn’tunderstandthenewworduntilIlookeditupinthedictionary.(改为倒装句)________________Ilookedthenewwordupinthedictionary________Iunderstandit.43.Itseemedthatwehadexperiencedfourseasonsinaday.(句型转换)Weseemed________________________fourseasonsinaday.44.“CanIapplytobeavolunteerinthecomingmarathon?”Maryasked(改为间接引语)Maryasked________________________applytobeavolunteerinthecomingmarathon.45.MaryhadlostherBingDwenDwen,soshefeltverysad.(用分词作状语改写)________________46.Theyaretestingoutthenewsystemtoseeifitworkswell.(用被动语态改写)________________47.让孩子们高兴的是他们下周将去旅游。(用名词性从句翻译)(汉译英)第二节应用文写作(满分15分)48.你正在准备英语课堂演讲，请以“TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise”为主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1.举例说明锻炼身体的重要性；2.发出呼吁。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三节读后续写(满分25分)49.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成-篇完整的短文。Itwasspring,andStevewantedtogetanewset(套装)offootball,sportsshoes,andareallycoolbackpack.Therewasonlyoneproblem.Thatgreatsetwastooexpensive.Steveonlysaved$10,andthatwasnotevenclosetowhathewouldneedtobuytheset.“Icouldaskmomanddadtogivemypocketmoneyinadvance,”hethoughttohimself,“butthatwouldbeabigadvance!”Thatnight,Stevetoldhisparentstheproblem.“Haveyoueverthoughtaboutdoingsomethingfortheneighborhoodtoearnsomeextramoney?”askedhisdad.“No,itwouldtakemetoolongtoearnthemoney,”answeredSteve,“Ineedthenewsetfortheschoolfootballmatchintwoweeks.”“Well,ifyouearnpartofthemoney,I’lladvanceyoutherest.IsthatOK?”suggestedhisdad.Steveagreedwiththeoffer,wentbacktohisbedroomandthoughtaboutwhathecoulddotoearnsomemoney.“BillyfromnextdoortakescareofMrs.Smith’sgarden,KellywalksMr.Frank’sdog,andTonywashesMr.Lipton’scar.ThereisnothingthatIcandotoearsomemoney,”thoughtSteve.ThenextdayafterschoolStevewentpastthestore,SportsTime.Helovedtolokinthewindowatallthefootballequipmentandothergoodsontheshelves.Stevewentinandlookedatthenewfootballsethewanted.“Hi,Steve,”saidMrs.Thomas,“whatcanIdoforyoutoday?”“Iwanttoseeifthereisasaleonthatfootballset.”“Iamafraidnot,”saidMrs.Thomas,“itissillS60.”“Ionlyhave$10saved,andmydadsaidifIcoulddosomethingfortheneighborhood,hewouldadvancemetherest,”saidSteve,andhetoldherabouttheschoolfootballmatch.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右:2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。Paragraph1:SeeingthatStevewaseagerfortheset,Mrs.Thomascameupwithanidea.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Withherpermission,Stevenushedtothenewfootballsetexcitedly.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________听力答案：1-5:ACACB6.four/4times7.20,000/twenty(20)thousand8.support9.pettoys10.smalldonation 东莞市2024年第二学期期末教学质量监测高二英语(本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试时间120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节:满分20分)第一节听力理解(两段共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第1段材料，回答第1~2题。1.WhatfooddoesMarylike?A.Fish.B.Chicken.C.Beef.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inamarket.C.Inarestaurant.第2段材料，回答第3~5题。3.WhatdidTomdoyesterday?A.Hewatchedamovie.B.Hestayedathome.C.Hewenttowork.4.WhattimewilltheymeetthisFridayevening?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.5.WhichofthefollowingwillTombuy?A.Drinks.B.Tickets.C.Flowers.第二节听取信息(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)听下面一段独白。请从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入答题卡标号为6~10空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。第二部分阅读理解(共两节:满分375分)第一节(共10小题:每小题25分，满分25分)读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABruceLeewasanactor,martialarts(武术)masterandfilmmaker.Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.HewasborninSanFrancisco,althoughhisparentscamefromHongKong.Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.Lee'sphilosophyonmartialartsinfluencedhisentireapproachtolifeHefirmlybelievedthatlifehadtobelivedtoitsfullestpotential.Andapersonshouldfollowhisbeliefsandliveanactivelife.Hewasconvincedthatifyoulivedalifeworthyofbeingremembered,youwouldliveinpeople'sheartforever.BruceLeecertainlyachievedthis,asheisalsorespectedastheoriginatorofwhattodayiscalledMixedMartialArts(MMA).BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.1.WhatisthemajorreasonleadingLeeintofilms?A.Hisfamily.B.Histalent.C.Histraining.D.Hisnationality.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeaccordingtothepassage?A.Caring.B.Honest.C.Determined.D.Humorous.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutLee?A.Hisfathertaughthimmartialarts.B.Heistheoriginatorofmartialarts.C.Hismartialartsinfluencepeoplealot.D.Hewasthemostfamousactorinthe20century.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述李小龙的生平以及影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.(他的父亲是一位著名的歌剧演员，曾出演过许多中国电影。作为这样一个家庭的孩子，布鲁斯从小就出演电影，到18岁时，他已经出演了20部电影。)”可知，布鲁斯入圈电影主要原因是家庭的影响。故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.(李年轻时，无论做什么都下定决心。在大学里，他开始了拳击运动，尽管只训练了很短的时间，但他非常认真地对待它，最终成为了冠军。虽然李的初恋是武术，但他在香港以武功闻名。)”可知，李是很有决心的。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.”(许多人认为他是有史以来最有影响力的武术专家之一)由文章最后一段“BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.(李被认为是20世纪最有影响力的人之一。他被认为是明智、务实和敬业的。尽管他于1973年去世，享年32岁，但他的影响力依然存在。)”可知，李的武术对人们影响很大。故选C项。BWhenIwasaboy,Idislikedthefeelingof“beingastranger”ifmyfamilywentonholidaytoanothercountry.Attheageofseven,wewenttovisitafamilyfriendinFrance.IhadbeenpracticingmyFrenchandwasexcitedtouseit.IspokethefirstFrenchwordsinabakeryinParis.Despiteacarefullypreparedrequest,Iwasnotreadyfortherapidfireresponse.Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!IwassoupsetandknewifIwantedtogetbetter,Iwouldhavetoputinmoreefforts.IstartedstudyingChineseaftermytriptoChinaandIstudiedatBeijingNormalUniversityinthelate1990s.IknewthelanguagewouldhelpmetounderstandChinabetter.LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.AlthoughIstudiedlanguagesbeforejoiningtheforeignoffice,IhopedthatonedayIwouldworkinternationally.AsanativeEnglishspeaker,Ididn’texpectpeopletounderstandmewhiletravelingtheworld.Iwantedtomakeeffortstounderstandothersthroughtheirlanguages.Learningalanguagealsoimproveshowyouexpressyourself.Whenyouhavelimitedvocabulary,youhavetocreativelycommunicateyourmessagesandmeanings.Thiscanalsobenefitcommunicationskillsinyourfirstlanguage.You’llbecomemoreawareofthewordsyouuseandhowyouwantpeopletorespond.Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.4.Whatupsettheauthorinthebakery?A.Hedidn’tmeethisfriend.B.Hecouldn’tspeakFrench.C.Hedidn’tpreparetherequest.D.Hecouldn’tunderstandthegirl.5.WhydidtheauthorstudyRussian?A.ToliveinRussia.B.Totraveltheworld.C.Tojointheforeignoffice.D.TolearnmoreaboutRussia.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Waysoflearningforeignlanguages.B.Benefitsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Effortsneededtospeakalanguagewell.D.Differentlanguagesindifferentcountries.【答案】4.D5.D6.B【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述作者学习各种语言的经历意识到，能够说其他语言给了你另一个维度。不一定是因为个性，而是因为你有能力以更广阔的胸怀获得更丰富的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!Iwassoupset”(我完全不知道售货员说了什么！我很生气)可知，作者在面包店里生气的原因是他听不懂店员说的话。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.”(和汉语一样，我学习俄语的动机来自于我对这个国家的历史、文化和音乐的兴趣。)可知，作者学习俄语是为了更多的了解这个国家的历史、文化和音乐。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.”(能够说其他语言给了你另一个维度。不一定是因为个性，而是因为你有能力以更广阔的胸怀获得更丰富的经历。)可知，作者想通过他学习各种语言的经历告诉我们学习外语的好处。故选B。CRobotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertip(指尖)whichbreaksthatlimitation.Itenablesmachinestosenseobjectsasahumanfingertipdoes.Engineershavebeenworkinghardtomakerobotsflexibleandsensitive.Whenresearchersfromauniversitybegandesigninganartificialfingertipin2009,theyusedhumanskinasaguide.Theirfirstfingertipwasaboutthesizeofacokecan.By2018,3Dprintingmadeitaboutthesizeofanadult'sbigtoe,withthemulti-layeredstructurelikehumanskin.ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandactaccordinglylikearealfinger.“Alotofoursenseoftouchisdecidedbyourskin,”saysprofessorBenjamin,leaderoftheresearchteam.Inourfingertips,nerveendingswilldeformwhentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.Similarly,thenervenetworksofTacTippickupandtranslatethosesignalsintothefingertip'sactions,tellingrobotstohandleobjectsofallshapesandsizeswithoutprogramming,accordingtoBenjamin.SomescientistsdoubtwhetherTacTipisonlyjustskin-like.Thesignalsfromtheartificialandhumanfingertipsarenotquitethesame,asthesignalsinrealskinaremoreintense.Otherscientiststhinkhighlyofthisbreakthrough.“Atleastithelpsclarifyhowhumantouchworksandisanecessarysteptoimproverobotictouch,”saysprofessorSmith,amaterialscientist.7.Whydoesthewritermention“anegg”inParagraph1?A.Tofindasolutionforengineers.B.Toshowrobotshavelimitations.C.Totellhowrobotssenseobjects.D.Toexplainwhyrobotsoftenfail.8.Whichofthefollowingplaysthemostimportantroleinthelatestbreakthrough?A.Artificialnervenetworks.B.3Dprinting.C.Multi-layeredstructure.D.Humanskin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deform”meaninParagraph4?A.Develop.B.Stopworking.C.Decrease.D.Changeshapes.10.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TacTipChangesHowTouchWorksinHumansB.RobotsHaveBecomeMoreFlexibleandSensitiveC.ArtificialFingertipGivesRobotsHuman-likeTouchD.EngineersHaveAchievedaBreakthroughin3DPrinting【答案】7.B8.A9.D10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工指尖给机器人带来了人类般的触感。【7题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Robotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertipwhichbreaksthatlimitation.(机器人可以编程来移动汽车，甚至执行一些操作。然而，当要捡起他们以前从未碰过的东西时，比如鸡蛋，他们往往会失败。现在，工程师们发明了一种人工指尖，打破了这一限制。)”可知，作者举例鸡蛋的目的就是为了说明机器人的一些局限。故选B项。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandreactaccordinglylikearealfinger.(最新的突破被称为TacTip。科学家将人工神经网络植入指尖，使机器人能够快速处理感测到的信息，并像真正的手指一样做出相应反应。)”可知，最新的突破是将人工神经网络植入指尖。故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第四段“whentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.(当皮肤接触到一个物体，然后向大脑发送关于发生了什么的信号。)”可知，当我们皮肤一接触物体，就会有信号传到大脑，而这时，应该是我们指尖的神经末梢发生了“变形”，才会产生信号。所以猜测deform是“发生改变”的意思。故选D项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Robotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineer