2024届湖北省七市高三年级下册二模英语试题（附答案解析）

2024届湖北省七市州教科研协作体高三下学期二模英语试题

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopaloveforreadinginyour

kids,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.

•WhenandWhereIstheFair?

Thismuch-lovedSouthFloridaeventwillbeheldfromMay12to18,2024attheMDC

WolfsonCampusPlazainDowntownMiami.

•WhattoExpectattheFair?

Thisyear,thefairwillfeaturemorethan400celebratedauthorsfromaroundtheworld.

Therewillbearichcollectionofwritersandtheirworksofalmosteverytypeunderthesun.

Readerscannotonlyexploreartsandcrafts,butalsoexperiencefacepaintingandbook

giveaways.Forgreenwriters,ifsaplacetoconnectwiththeirfavoriteeditors.Forbook

lovers,it'sanopportunitytogetautographs（亲笔签名）frommanypopularauthorsandask

themsomequestions.Duringthisweek-longbookfeast,youwillfindagroupofevents

runningfrommorningtonight.

•HowMuchDoestheFairCost?

OnFriday,thefairisfree.OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foranadultforoneday,or

youcangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidaged

13-18is$5perday.

Somarkyourcalendars,headtoDowntownMiami,andenjoyyourselfintheheartof

thecity'sliteraryscene.

1.Whatcanvisitorsdoatthefair?

A.Donateusedbooks.B.ExploreDowntownMiami.

C.Enjoyadinnerparty.D.Interactwithpopularauthors.

2.Howmuchshouldacouplewithtwokidsunder12payfortheSundayfair?

A.$30.B.$25.C.$20.D.$15.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toadvertiseafair.B.Toraisemoney.

C.Tointroduceacity.D.Torecommendbooks.

EverymorningontheislandofOahu,studentsatPu'dhalaElementarygatheronafield

astoweringmountainswatchthemfromthemist.Theirdaystartswithsongsin661elo

Hawaii,theislands'nativelanguage,restatingvaluesofrespectandjusticethattheirteachers

hopewillguidethemthroughtheireducation,andthroughouttheirlives.

Likemostkidstheirage,they'renotconcernedaboutthesignificanceofthelanguage

they'relearning.Still,theyhaveaweightyresponsibility:toreceivethetorch（火炬）and

ensurethesecurityof"oleloHawai'iforfuturegenerations.

Itwasonly50yearsagothatthelanguagewasontheedgeofextinction.Thoughthe

situationismuchimproved,inmanyways"oleloHawai'iisstillonlifesupport.Teacherssay

there9sahugeenthusiasmforschoolkidstolearnthelanguage,butastheygrowup,they're

encouragedtofocuson"moreusefuF,subjectsanduseEnglish,whicharebelievedtoassist

theminachievingsuccessintheirwork.In2016,therewere18,610Hawaiianspeakerson

theislands.

“Onehundredthousandistheapproximatenumberofspeakersneededtoconsiderthe

languagesafe,9,saysSolomon,professorofHawaiianlanguageatUniversityofHawaiiat

Manoa."Theideaisthatthereareenoughpeoplepassingitontothenextgeneration,

socializingtheirchildrentousethelanguageinalldomainsoflife,toexpressallthoughtsand

needsanddesires.

Fortunately,thekidsofPu'dhalaElementarywilltaketheresponsibilitytocontinuethe

workofthecurrentyoungadultsdefendingthelanguage,expandingaccessto"oleloHawai'i

inpartthroughTikTokandInstagram,andmakingthelanguageapracticalskillinadulthood.

Theseyouth,alongwiththosecommittedtorecoveringthelanguagefromprevious

generations,sharetheirhopesforthebetter.

4.WhatarethestudentsatPu'dhalaElementaryexpectedtodo?

A.Tofigureoutthevalueoflife.B.TogooutoftheislandofOahu.

C.Topasstheirnativelanguagedown.D.Todrawpeopledattentiontofolksongs.

5.WhatmakesthestudentsabandoncdleloHawai'i?

A.Careerdevelopment.B.Theimprovedsituation.

C.Lackofenthusiasm.D.Littleeducationalsupport.

6.Whatisthecurrentsituationof"oleloHawai'iaccordingtoprofessorSolomon?

A.Itisusedinallwalksoflife.B.Itisconsideredasafelanguage.

C.Itdemandsmorespeakerstobesafe.D.Ithasonehundredthousandspeakers.

试卷第2页，共10页

7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureof"oleloHawaii?

A.Worried.B.Hopeful.C.Unclear.D.Reserved.

Anewstudyinvolvingnearly50,000peoplefromfourcontinentsoffersnewinsights

intoidentifyingthequantityofdailywalkingstepsthatwillbestimproveadults'healthand

longevity（长寿），andwhethertheidealnumberofstepsdiffersacrosspeopleofdifferentages.

Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthe

benefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated10,000-step-a-daysayinggrewoutofa

decades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanesepedometer（计步器），withnosciencetobackit

up.

LedbyphysicalactivityprofessorAmandaPaluch,aninternationalgroupofscientists

conductedanexperimentamongadultsaged18andolder.Theygroupedthenearly50,000

participantsintofourcomparativegroupsaccordingtoaveragestepsperday.Theloweststep

groupaveraged3,500steps;thesecond,5,800;thethird,7,800;andthefourth,10,900steps

perday.Amongthethreehigheractivegroups,therewasa40—53%lowerriskofdeath,

comparedtotheloweststepgroup.

Morespecifically,foradults60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout

6,000—8,000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefit

forlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8,000——10,000stepsperday.

“So,whatwesawwasthiscontinuingreductioninriskasthenumberofstepsincreases,

untilitlevelsoff.Interestingly,thestudyfoundnodefinitiveassociationwithwalkingspeed.^^

Paluchsays.

ThenewstudysupportsandexpandsfindingsfromanotherstudyledbyPaluchbefore,

whichfoundthatwalkingatleast7,000stepsadayreducedmiddle-agedpeople'sriskof

earlydeath."There'salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,

particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity.^^Paluchsays."Morestepsperdayare

betterforyourhealth.

8.Whydidthescientistscarryoutthenewstudy?

A.Toknowaboutpeople'shealthcondition.

B.Toexplainthepedometer'sworkingprinciples.

C.Todeterminethebestphysicalactivityforpeople.

D.Toprovideascientificguidelineondailywalking.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"leveledoff'inparagraph3mean?

A.Turnedhigher.B.Becamestable.C.Fellsharply.D.Changed

rapidly.

10.Whatdoestheexperimentfind?

A.Theoldshouldwalkasmuchaspossible.

B.Youngpeopleusuallywalkmorethantheold.

C.Themostbeneficialstepsdifferbyagegroups.

D.Walkingpaceisthekeytoavoidingearlydeath.

11.WhatdoesPaluchadvisepeopledoinglittleactivitytodo?

A.Towalkmoresteps.B.Tocontrolwalkingspeed.

C.Tolimitwalkingdistance.D.Totrackthenumberofsteps.

Despiteitsbenefits,drinkingmilkintoadulthood,letaloneotheranimals5milk,isa

strangebehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Whatmakesitevenstrangeristhatanestimated68

percentoftheglobalhumanpopulationisactuallylactose（乳糖）intolerant.Scientistsarestill

gettingtothebottomofwhythepracticebeganandcontinued.Thisresearchcouldunlock

newunderstandingsofourfoodculturesandevenourDNA.

Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9.000yearsto

modern-dayTurkeyneartheseaofMarmara,wheremilkfatshavebeenfoundonancient

pottery.AccordingtoJessicaHendy.ascientistattheUniversityofYork.thenmilkwould

havebeenpartofadiversedietforitwasmixedwithotherfood.Fromitsorigins,the

technologyofmakinguseofmilkspreadintotheCaucasusandthenacrossEurope.Bythe

BronzeAge,peoplemayhavebeenusingcow'smilktofeedtheirbabies.

Foralongtime,researchersbelievedthatmilkdrinkingchangedasaculturalpractice

handinhandwiththespreadofgeneticmutations（变异）thatallowedpeopletotoleratemilk

intoadulthood.Butonerecentfindingsuggestsmilkdrinkingoccurredbeforethese

mutationsandmightnotevenrequirethem.InEurope,peopleappeartohavebeendrinking

milkforthousandsofyearsbeforeanygeneticabilitytodrinkmilkbecamecommon.The

ancientcheesemakingequipmentmightofferpartofthesolution:Fermenting（发酵）milk

intoyogurt,cheese,orotherproductsreducestheamountoflactose.InMongolia,researchers

havenotyetfoundageneticmutationthatallowspeopletodigestlactose,despitethemajor

roleofmilkinthatculture.Sosomescientistsheldthattheremightbeotherpotentialfactors

试卷第4页，共10页

helping.

Whatwedoknowaboutthehistoryofmilkrevealshowwrong-headedone-size-fits-all

nutritionalguidancecanbe.InmodemAmerica,milkdrinkinghasbeenpresentedasa

universalgood.Inreality,howmilkispreparedcanchangethenutritionalpicture,andhow

muchourbodiesprocessdepends,atleastinpart,onourowngenes.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutmilkdrinkingfromparagraph2?

A.Itusedtobeasymbolofidentity.B.Itinitiallystartedwithlittlebabies.

C.Itwasthekeydietofancientpeople.D.Ithasbeenahumantraditionforlong.

13.WhydoestheauthormentionEuropeinparagraph3?

A.Togiveasuggestion.B.Todefineaconcept.

C.Tomakeaprediction.D.Toclarifyafinding.

14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Milkconsumptionfunctionsasacure-all.

B.Milkintakevariesfrompersontoperson.

C.Milk'snutritionalvalueisbeyondimagination.

D.One'smilkdigestiveabilitychangesconstantly.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheMysteryofDrinkingMilk

B.TheProcessofGeneticMutations

C.ThePhenomenonofLactoseIntolerance

D.TheTechnologyofMakingMilkProducts

MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI'masnowhydrologist（水文学家）attheUniversity

ofUtahinSaltLakeCity.16Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust9simpactonwater

resources.

Iammostinterestedintheimpactofwarmingtemperaturesonsnowmeltingrates,andI

havestartedstudyingsnowmeltsince2009inUtahandColorado.WhenIskiedtoresearch

sitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredin

dust.17It'sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition（沉积）

ontosnow.

18Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepack

withashovel（铲子）todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,and

containerstocollectsnowforanalyses.Oneyear,Ihitadustyareaofsnow,brokemyskiand

slicedmylegopen.

Inareaswithheavydustdeposition,suchasthesouthernRockyMountains,dustspeeds

upmeltingbyoneortwomonths.Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdust

buildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.19

I'mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,

howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.20Aswemoveinto

afuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,

includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently.

A.Thedustcausedalotoftrouble.

B.Iwentformilesinthewilderness.

C.Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.

D.Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.

E.InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.

F.Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.

G.Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.

二、完形填空

Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwide.Thereareactuallyrecords

goingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot21.Thecommunityovens

wereplaceswherepeoplechattedtogetherwhiletheirfoodwas22.

Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas23theuniqueapproach.It24

tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,

which25takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.Ifsreportedthatdueto

theincreasingcostoffuel,manyindividualscannot26toleavetheirovensonthat

long.

OwnerEdHamilton-TrewhitttoldtheBBC,"We've27theideaofa

communityovenfromancienttimes.Peoplecan28theircakebase（胚）athome.

But29beingbakedintheirownovens,itcanbe30toourbakeryfora

largeamountofbaking.99

“Itstruckmethatifonewas31abouttheenergycostsofbakingthe

试卷第6页，共10页

Christmascake,therewouldbelotsmoreoutthere32thesamesituation,he

added.4CInthebigpicture,itcostsmesolittlebutmakesamassive33.”

Theresponsetothisattempthasbeenso34thatHamilton-Trewhitthas

providedthe35untilrightbeforeChristmas.Afterall,thafswhatbeingagood

neighborisallabout.

21.A.reliableB.availableC.safeD.useful

22.A.savedB.sharedC.displayedD.cooked

23.A.witnessedB.suggestedC.adoptedD.advertised

24.A.offersB.failsC.declinesD.happens

25.A.exactlyB.hardlyC・typicallyD.occasionally

26.A.affordB.waitC.fearD.refuse

27.A.challengedB.explainedC.removedD.reintroduced

28.A.bakeB.prepareC.cutD.enjoy

29.A.insteadofB.regardlessofC.duetoD.asfor

30.A.returnedB.deliveredC.soldD.lent

31.A.excitedB.curiousC.upsetD.certain

32.A.accustomedtoB.devotedtoC.satisfiedwithD.facedwith

33.A.differenceB.profitC.decisionD.development

34.A.directB.positiveC.complexD.timely

35.A.foodB.fuelC.recipeD.service

三、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhas

takenitonestep36(far),spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththe

ancientwonder.

3768-year-old,aself-taughtarchitectfromtheUS,madethemostimportant

decisionofhislifetomovetoChinain1986,ayearbeforetheGreatWall38(list)

asaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Today,SpearcallsMutianyuvillagehome.Inthisquiet

place,39(locate)atthefootoftheMutianyusectionoftheGreatWall,heliveswith

hisdoginahomewithacourtyardgardenhetended40(he).

Asanarchitect,notonlydidSpearrenovate(翻新)hisowndreamhouse,41

comeswithmultipleviewsoftheGreatWall,buthealsoexploredwaystoboostthelocal

businessandsupportruralresidents.Overtheyears,thearchitect42(help)renovate

around20householdsinMutianyu,mostofwhichnowoperate43hotelsor

restaurants,while44(do)hisbesttopreservetheoriginalstructuresasmuchas

possible.

In45(recognize)ofhiscontributions,SpearwasgiventheGreatWall

FriendshipAwardin2014.

四、书信写作

46.4月1日是“国际爱鸟日”，你校学生会本周将组织学生进行户外观鸟活动。请写一

则英文通知，请你校外国交换生参与。内容包括：

1.活动简介；

2.注意事项。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Notice

StudentUnion

五、书面表达

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

IfacedatightbudgetwhenIwasnine.OnNovember1st,IusedupmostofthemoneyI

saved.WithasmallamountofpocketmoneyleftbeforeChristmasIdidn'thaveenoughto

buypresentsforthefamily.

试卷第8页，共10页

Iwasseriouslyconsideringgoingtomydadandaskingforanadvanceonthenext

year'spocketmoney,soIcouldatleastbuygiftsformyfamilymembers.Butthen,one

evening,Iwassittinginmyroomreadingadvertisementsinthebackofamagazine.Several

greeting-cardcompaniesweretellingushowpeoplecouldmakemoneybysellingtheircards

andstationery（文具）.Normally,Iwouldhavepassedrightovertheads,butthistimemy

situationwassodifficultthatIfeltIhadnothingtolose.

Theadthatattractedmemostwasonebyawell-knowngreeting-cardcompanyinmy

nation,whoseproductswereofhighquality.Withmyparents9help,Icontactedthecompany,

althoughtheypreferredadultsorolderkidstoadvertisetheirproducts.Aftermysincere

request,theyagreedtogiveme,anine-year-oldboy,achance.

Mysalesmaterialsarrivedwithintheweek.Ihadexpectedsomethingsmallandneat,

butthepackagelookedlikeadinosaur'sshoeboxitwasclosetothreefeetlongandnearlya

footwide,fullofstuff.Therewasathickbinder（活页夹）containingacompleteselectionof

thecardsandsomewritingpaper,whichIwouldbesellingforaround$3perbox.

Althoughmyparentssupportedmytrytomakemoneybymyself,theyhadlittle

confidenceinmysuccess;afterall,insteadofanoutgoingkid,Iwassomewhatshy.However,

Iwasdeterminedtohaveatrytochallengemyself.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Wastingnotime,Isetoffandknockedondoorsinmyneighborhood.

Eventually,Iearnedover$20,alargesumofmoneyfora9-year-oldkidin1954.

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案:

1.D2.C3.A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024年迈阿密书展的相关信息，包括书展的时间、

地点、活动内容和门票价格等。

1.

细节理解题。根据・WhattoExpectattheFair?部分中“Forbooklovers,ifsanopportunitytoget

autographs（亲笔签名）frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.（对于书迷来说，

这是一个获得许多知名作家签名并向他们提问的机会）”可知，游客在书展上可以与知名作家

互动。故选D项。

2.

细节理解题。根据・HowMuchDoestheFairCost?部分中“OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foran

adultforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeand

thekidaged13-18is$5perday.（在周六或周日，成人一天的票价是10美元，或者你可以花

15美元买一张两天的出入证。12岁以下的孩子可以免费参加，13—18岁的孩子每天5美元）”

可知，星期天成人票价10美元，12岁以下孩子免费，所以一对夫妇和两个12岁以下的孩

子星期天参加书展只需要20美元。故选C项。

3.

推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingto

developaloveforreadinginyourkids,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.（无论你是一个终身

书虫，还是想培养孩子对阅读的热爱，2024年迈阿密书展都是为你准备的）”和下文对书展的

介绍可知，文章的目的是为书展做广告。故选A项。

4.C5.A6.C7.B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了夏威夷岛上普奥哈拉小学学生学习母语夏威夷语的情

景，承载着保护和传承夏威夷语言文化的责任。虽然夏威夷语曾经濒临灭绝，但现在学生们

积极学习，努力传承着这门语言。文章表达了对未来传承和发展夏威夷语的期望和希望。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"theyhaveaweightyresponsibility:toreceivethetorch（火炬）

andensurethesecurityof"oleloHawaiiforfuturegenerations.''（他彳门仍然肩负着重大责任：接

受火炬并确保子孙后代的夏威夷语的安全。）可知，Puahala小学的学生应该把他们的母语

答案第1页，共H页

传承下去。故选C项。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“they，reencouragedtofocuson"moreuseforsubjectsanduse

English,whicharebelievedtoassisttheminachievingsuccessintheirwork.”（他彳门被鼓励专注

于“更有用”的科目并使用英语，这被认为有助于他们在工作中取得成功。）可知，很多学生

为了工作发展，放弃夏威夷语言的学习。故选A项。

6.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“In2016,therewere18,610Hawaiianspeakersonthe

islands."（2016年，岛上有18610名讲夏威夷语的人。）以及第四段“Onehundredthousandis

theapproximatenumberofspeakersneededtoconsiderthelanguagesafb,"（认为该语言安全所

需的使用者人数大约为十万人）可知，目前夏威夷语言的使用者远达不到安全数量100000,

因此需要更多使用者才能确保该语言的安全。故选C项。

7.观点态度题。由文章最后一段“Theseyouth,alongwiththosecominittedtorecoveringthe

languagefrompreviousgenerations,sharetheirhopesforthebetter.^^（这些年轻人与刃些致力于

恢复前几代人的语言的人一起，分享着他们对更好的希望。）可推知作者对夏威夷语言的未

来持积极乐观态度。A.Worried担心；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Unclear不清楚的；D.Reserved

保留的。B项符合此处语境。故选B项。

8.D9.B10.C11.A

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究对四大洲近5万人进行了分析，确定了能够最大

程度改善健康、延长寿命的每日步数，同时调查了不同年龄段的人每日最佳步数是否有所不

同。

8.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopan

evidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated

10,000-step-a-daysayinggrewoutofadecades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanese

pedometer（计步器）,withnosciencetobackitup.（这项研究代表了一项关于体育活动益处的循

证公共卫生信息的开发工作。这个每天一万步经常被重复的说法源于几十年前日本计步器的

营销活动，没有科学依据。）”可知，现有的观点缺乏科学依据，本项研究旨在为科学的走路

步数提供证据，由此可推知本研究旨在为日常走路锻炼提供科学指导。故选D。

9.词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditional

benefitforlongevity”可知，多余的步数并不会增加额外的好处，由此可推知步数到达一定量

答案第2页，共11页

之后降低死亡的风险趋于稳定，不再变化。力eveledofT意为“保持水平，保持平稳发展“，与

Becamestable意思相近。故选B。

10.推理判断题。根据第三段“Morespecifically,foradults60andolder,theriskofearlydeath

leveledoffatabout6,000一8,000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidedno

additionalbenefitforlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8,00010,000stepsper

day.（更具体地说，对于60岁及以上的成年人来说，过早死亡的风险稳定在每天6000—8000

步左右，这意味着更多的步数对寿命没有额外的好处，而对于60岁以下的成年人来说大约

是每天8000—10000步。）“可推知，年龄不同，最佳效果步数也不一样。故选C。

11.细节理角军题。根据最后——段Paluch所说的"There'salotofevidencesuggestingthatmoving

evenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity.（有彳艮多证

据表明，多运动一点是有益的，尤其是对那些活动很少的人来说。和“Morestepsperdayare

betterforyourhealth.（每天多走几步对你的健康有益。）”可知，不运动的人，增加走路步数对

健康有益，因此可知Paluch建议不运动的人应该增加走路步数。故选A。

12.D13.D14.B15.A

【导语】

这是一篇说明文，探讨了人类饮用动物奶对动物界行为的异类行为，以及乳糖不耐受现象。

科学家们正在研究饮奶习惯的起源及延续的原因，并认为这项研究可能揭示食物文化和

DNA的新理解。文章提到了早期的动物奶饮用证据以及饮奶技术的传播过程，以及最近的

研究发现，强调了单一的营养指导可能会忽视个体差异和文化背景。

12.细节理解题。由文章第二段“Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost

9,000years”（饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近。）

可知，第二段说明了使用牛奶作为食物是人类长久以来的传统。故选D项。

13.推理判断题。根据第三段中“InEurope,peopleappeartohavebeendrinkingmilkfor

thousandsofyearsbeforeanygeneticabilitytodrinkmilkbecamecommon.Theancientcheese

makingequipmentmightofferpartofthesolution:Fermenting（发酵）milkintoyogurt,cheese,or

otherproductsreducestheamountoflactose."（在欧洲。在喝牛奶的遗传能力变得普遍之前，

人们似乎已经喝牛奶了数千年。古老的奶酪制作设备可能提供部分解决方案：将牛奶发酵

成酸奶。奶酪或其他产品可以减少乳糖的含量。）以及“onerecentfindingsuggestsmilk

drinkingoccurredbeforethesemutationsandmightnotevenrequirethem.^^（但最近的一项发现

答案第3页，共11页

表明，喝牛奶发生在这些突变之前，甚至可能不需要它们。）可知作者提到欧洲是为了阐明

一项研究发现。故选D项。

14.推理判断题。由文章最后一段"Whatwedoknowaboutthehistoryofmilkrevealshow

wrong-headedone-size-fits-allnutritionalguidancecanbe."（我们对牛奶历史的了解揭示了一刀

切的营养指导是多么错误。）以及"Inreality,howmilkispreparedcanchangethenutritional

picture,andhowmuchourbodiesprocessdepends,atleastinpart,onourowngenes.^^（事实上，

牛奶的制备方式可以改变营养状况，而我们的身体消化多少取决于，至少部分取决于。取

决于我们自己的基因。）可推知牛奶的吸收因人而异。故选B项。

15.标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Whatmakesitevenstrangeristhatanestimated68percentof

theglobalhumanpopulationisactuallylactose（乳糖）intolerant.”（更奇怪的是，据估计全球68%

的人口实际上患有乳糖不耐症。）、第二段中“Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdates

backalmost9,000years"（饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔

马拉海附近。）以及最后一段中"researchershavenotyetfoundageneticmutationthatallows

peopletodigestlactose,despitethemajorroleofmilkinthatculture.Sosomescientistsheldthat

theremightbeotherpotentialfactorshelping.”可知全文主要涉及“人们如何开始食用牛奶”“为

何部分人乳糖不耐受”“基因突变既然不是人们能够消化牛奶的原因，那么是什么因素让人们

可以吸收牛奶”等问题展开，归纳起来即为“牛奶食用之谜”。故选A项。

16.G17.E18.C19.F20.D

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪水文学家McKenzieSkiles的研究工作及其意义。

16.根据上文“MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI'masnowhydrologist（水文学家）atthe

UniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.（我叫McKenzieSkiles,是盐湖城犹他大学的雪水文学家）''

以及下文“Actually,thepurposeistotrackdusfsimpactonwaterresources.（实际上，目的是追踪

灰尘对水资源的影响）”可知，这里介绍了自己的身份和职业并指出实际上工作的目的是追踪

灰尘对水资源的影响。因此，这里需要一个句子来衔接上下文，并解释自己的工作具体是什

么，与G项"Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.（我的

工作是每年春天在野外滑雪，测量雪上的灰尘）”表达的含义一致，故选G项。

17.根据上文“WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,the

mountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.（当我滑雪到犹他州的研究地点为我的实验收集

答案第4页，共11页

雪时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖）”以及下文"It'sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordust

deposition（沉积）ontosnow.（很明显，2009年是雪上灰尘沉积最多的年份之一）”可知，这句

话描述了在犹他州的研究地点滑雪收集雪样时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖的情景。接下来，需要

找到一个句子，它既能与上句中的描述相联系，又能为下句提供背景或证据,E项“InColorado,

thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.（在科罗拉多州，沙漠土壤中的红色灰尘也被吹

进来了）”表达的含义符合语境，故选E项。

18.根据下文“Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwitha

shovel（铲子）todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainersto

collectsnowforanalyses.（我通常要走几公里，带着一个27公斤重的包和一把铲子挖雪洞，

带着削雪和测量雪密度的工具，带着收集雪进行分析的容器）”可知，此处表达的是作者的研

究工作不是一件容易的事，与C项“Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.（做我的研究绝非易事）”

表达的含义一致，故选C项。

19.方艮据上文“Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeand

darkensthesurface.（气温升高会影响积雪，但随着时间的推移，灰尘会堆积起来，使地表变

暗）''这句话表明了两个事实：一是空气温度的升高会影响雪的积聚，二是随着时间的推移，

灰尘会不断积累并使雪的表面变黑。接下来，需要找到一个合适的句子来承接这个描述，并

解释灰尘使雪的表面变黑之后可能产生的后果，与F项“Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmore

sunlightandquickenmelting.（因此，雪会吸收更多的阳光，加速融化）”表达的含义一致，故选

F项。

20.根据上文"I'mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesfor