高考英语完整版准备考一轮讲义（译林版）必修二Unit3Amazingpeople

Unit3Amazingpeople个人情况之(二)——杰出人物[一积词汇见多识广][课内单词回扣](一)阅读词汇写其义1．preservevt.保存，保护，保持2.entrancen．入口3．nativeadj.本地的，本国的4.datan．(pl.)数据；资料5．panionn．伴侣；陪伴6.candidaten．候选人，申请人7．connectionn．联系，关联8.explorern．探险家；勘探者9．murdervt.&n．谋杀10.survivaln．幸存，存活11．statusn．地位，身份12.superiorn．上级adj.更好的(二)表达词汇写其形1．contentn．内容2.punishmentn．惩罚3．virusn．病毒4.disturbvt.打扰，扰乱5．variousadj.各种各样的6.optimisticadj.乐观的7．outgoingadj.爱交际的；外向的8.desiren．愿望，渴望vt.期望，渴望(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn．好奇(心)2.fortunen．大笔的钱，财富；运气→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸运地3.scientificadj.科学的→sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家4.requirementn．要求，规定→requirev．要求*5.inspirevt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→inspiredadj.受到启发的→inspiringadj.令人振奋的→inspirationn．灵感；激励*6.discouragevt.使灰心；劝阻→couragen．勇气→encouragev．鼓励→encouragementn．鼓励*7.devotionn．奉献；忠诚；专心→devotevt.献出，付出；专心于→devotedadj.挚爱的；忠诚的8.organizationn．组织；机构→organizev．组织→organizern．组织者*9.applyvi.申请vt.使用，应用→applicationn．申请→applicantn．申请人用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空1.Whenaskedwhereherinspirationofthenovelcamefrom,shesaidherfather'sinspiringwordsinspiredhertowriteit.2．Childrenarealwayscuriousabouteverythingtheyseeandhear.Theywillaskallkindsofquestionscuriously.Tomeettheircuriosity,_we'dbetteranswerthem.3．Theoldteacherdevotedallhislifetoeducatinghisdevotedstudentsandhewasadmiredforhisdevotiontohiseducationcause.4．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.5．ThefailureintheEnglishcontestdiscouragedmybrother.What'sworse,hefeltdiscouragedinothersubjects.Inordertohelphimregainhiscourageandgetrelaxed,myparentsandIallencouragedhimtotakeatrip.[话题单词积累]1．expert/'ekspɜːt/n.专家；专业工作者2．qualification/ˌkwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/n．资格3．potential/pə'tenʃl/adj.潜在的n.潜力4．undertake/ʌndə'teɪk/vt.承担，从事，负责5．program/'prəʊɡræm/n.项目；工程；规划6．worthwhile/wɜːθ'waɪl/adj.值得的；值得做的7．childhood/'tʃaɪldhʊd/n.童年；幼年时代8．respect/rɪ'spekt/vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意9．considerate/kən'sɪd(ə)rət/adj.体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的10．modest/'mɒdɪst/adj.谦虚的；谦让的11．astronomer/ə'strɒnəmə/n.天文学家12．plain/pleɪn/adj.朴素的；简单的13．uniform/'juːnɪfɔːm/n.制服14．cheerful/'tʃɪəfʊl；­f(ə)l/adj.兴高采烈的15．create/kriː'eɪt/vt.创造，创作；造成16．sympathetic/sɪmpə'θetɪk/adj.同情的17．independent/ˌɪndɪ'pendənt/adj.独立的18．virtue/'vɜːtjuː；­tʃuː/n.美德，品行19．dignity/'dɪgnɪtɪ/n.尊贵，高尚20．sensitive/'sensɪtɪv/adj.敏感的21．intelligence/ɪn'telɪdʒ(ə)ns/n.智力22．distinction/dɪ'stɪŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/n.优秀，卓越23．outstanding/aʊt'stændɪŋ/adj.杰出的24．resign/rɪ'zaɪn/vt.&vi.辞职25．bonus/'bəʊnəs/n.津贴，奖金，红利26．renowned/rɪ'naund/adj.著名的；有声望的27．devise/dɪ'vaɪz/vt.设计28．interest/'ɪnt(ə)rɪst/n.兴趣；利息29．colleague/'kɒliːg/n.同事30．background/'bækgraʊnd/n.背景31．impress/ɪm'pres/vt.使印象深刻32．deliberately/di'libərətli/adv.故意地；谨慎地；慎重地33．issue/'ɪʃuː；'ɪsjuː/n.问题；流出；期号vt.发行，发布；放出，排出vi.发行；流出[二积短语顿挫抑扬][课内短语回扣](一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1e_across(偶然)遇见；发现*2.result_in导致，结果是……*3.look_up_to敬佩*4.be_curious_about对……感到好奇5.set_sail启航*6.as_well_as也，以及*7e_into_use使用8.be_known_as作为……而出名9.be_fit_for适合10.in_connection_with关于11.go_down_in_history载入史册12.pay_off成功；带来好结果13.of_all_time有史以来14.get_in_touch_with取得联系15.live/realize_one's_dream实现梦想16.be_in_control_of_(something)掌管(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子1.Thecitizensofthecityalllook_up_tothepolicemanwhoshowscourageanddevotiontoduty.2．Duringyourtour,you'lle_acrossrivers,mountainranges,spectacularwaterfalls,wildlifeandlongwildbeaches.(2018·苏州一模)3．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted_inthisincreaseincarbondioxide.4．Peoplehavealwaysbeen_curious_aboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.5．TheAmericanRedCrossprovidesrelieftovictimsofdisasters,_as_well_ashelpspeopleprevent,prepareforandrespondtoallsortsofemergencies.6．Duringthenineteenthcentury,aunitofchemicalcurrencycalledthemolecame_into_use.[话题短语积累]1．believein相信，坚信2．beinterestedin对……感兴趣3．makecontributionsto对……做贡献4．haveaneffecton影响5．makeprogress取得进步6．takeon雇用；接纳；承担7．begiftedat对……有天赋8．beskilledin在……方面熟练9．mediumheight中等身材10．beinchargeofsth.主管11．getalong/onwith与……相处12．signupfor报名，参加13．beabsentfrom缺席……14．graduatefrom从……毕业15．bestrictwith对……要求严格16．beabsorbed/occupiedin全神贯注于17．do/make/perform/carryoutanexperiment做实验18．haveagoodmandof精通……19．catchupwith赶上20．goinfor/participatein/joinin参加，从事21．get/bepromoted获得晋升[三积句式写作扮靓][课内句式仿写]1．by＋时间名词，在句中作状语[例句]Bythe1920s,hehadbeeanexplorer,searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.[仿写]到上周为止，已有二十个留学生已经接受了我们的邀请。(2017·6月浙江高考满分作文)By_last_weektwentystudentsfromabroadhad_acceptedourinvitation.2．“连词＋过去分词”是状语从句的省略[例句]Ifbreathedin,theycanresultinillnessorevendeath.[仿写]如果对它感兴趣，你可以将你的申请发到ping­pong@123。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)If_interested_in_it,_youmayemailyourapplicationtoping­pong@123.3．强调句型[例句]AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.[仿写]是魏源，在他的书《海国图志》中首先将现代技术和理念介绍到中国。(2016·北京高考满分作文)It_was_Wei_Yuan,_inhisbookHaiguoTuzhi,who_first_introducedmoderntechnologiesandideastoChina.[话题佳句背诵]1．Bornin1995,he,a23­year­oldstudent,isstudyinginauniversity.他出生在1995年，现在是一个23岁的学生，正在一所大学就读。2．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforherscientificachievements.因为在化学方面的科研成就她被授予诺贝尔奖。3．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。4．Hegainedpopularityinlocalareas,whichcaughtattentionofafamousChinesesinger,whoremendedhimtoCCTV.他在当地很有名气，引起了一名中国著名歌唱家的注意，并把他推荐给了中国中央电视台。[四背语段语感流畅]BillGateswasbornon28October,1955andgrewupinSeattle.Hisfatherwasalawyerwhilehismotherwasateacher.Attheageof13,hewascuriousaboutputers,discoveredhisinterestinsoftwareandbeganprogrammingputers.ItwasBillGateswhohadadramaticeffectontheputertechnologyintheworld.Althoughhehasmuchfortune,hewasstillasimpleandkindperson.比尔·盖茨出生于1955年10月28日，在西雅图长大。他的父亲是一位律师，他的母亲是一位教师。在他13岁时，他对计算机感到好奇并且发现对软件很感兴趣并开始给计算机编程。是比尔·盖茨对世界电脑技术产生了巨大影响。尽管他很富有，但是他很简朴善良。[第一板块重点词汇突破][师生共研词汇]1．curiousadj.好奇的，求知欲强的；奇特的[教材原句]Hewasbrightandcuriousabouttheworldoutsidehishometown.他天资聪颖，并且对家乡外部的世界充满了好奇。(1)becuriousabout...对……感到好奇becurioustodosth.极想做某事(2)curiosityn.好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇satisfyone'scuriosity满足某人的好奇心(3)curiouslyadv.好奇地①Helikestravelling,becauseheis_curious_to_knowmoreabouttheworld.他喜欢旅游，因为他渴望更多地了解这个世界。②Questionsyouraisemustclearlybemotivatedbycuriosity_(curious)aboutthespeaker'sviews.(2018·日照一模)你提的问题显然是出于对演讲者的观点好奇而激发的。③Curiously(curious),thestruggletosurvivehasgreatlyimprovedherhealth.奇怪的是，她求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转。2．fortunen．[C]大笔的钱，财富；命运，前途；[U]运气[教材原句]Insidethetombs,hediscoveredagreatfortuneinjewelsandgold,alongwiththepreservedbodiesofdeadkings.在这些陵墓中，他发现了一大批的珠宝和黄金以及已故国王们保存的遗体。(1)makea/one'sfortune发财tryone'sfortune碰运气(2)fortunateadj.幸运的befortunatetodosth.有幸做某事(3)fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸运地unfortunately＝unluckilyadv.不幸地(4)misfortunen.不幸①We'veallheardstoriesofschooldrop­outswhohavemade_their/a_fortune.我们都听到过很多辍学生发财的故事。②Mycousinwas_fortunate_to_findajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.我的表妹一大学毕业就幸运地找到了一份工作。③Thestorecaughtfire.Fortunately(fortunate),allthepeoplethereescapedfromit.商店着火了。幸运的是，那里所有的人都逃了出来。3．contentn．内容；[复数]容纳的东西；目录；[单数]含量；满足adj.满足的，满意的vt.使满足[教材原句]Afterwards,allofitscontentswouldgointoamuseum.随后，所有墓中的东西都将进入博物馆。[一词多义]写出句中content的含义①Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)含量②Itisreportedthatmorethanhalfofthosesurveyedonthewebsitesaytheyarecontentwiththeircurrentlife.满意的③Thereisatableofcontentsinfrontofadictionary.目录④WillitcontentyouifIletyouhavecandiestomorrow？使满足⑤Thecontentsoftheletterarestillsecretuntiltoday.内容(1)be/feelcontentwith...对……满足/满意becontenttodosth.乐于做某事(2)contentoneselfwith...满足于……⑥Thosewhoare_content_with/content_themselves_withtheirpresentsituationswillsurelymakenodifferenceinlife.那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。4．disturbvt.打扰，扰乱；使(某人)烦恼或不安[教材原句]Whenatombisopened,freshairdisturbstheviruses.墓穴被打开时，新鲜空气扰乱了病毒的生存环境。(1)Itdisturbssb.todosth.做某事使某人不安bedisturbedby为……感到不安；被……打扰(2)disturbedadj.感到不安的；心烦意乱的disturbingadj.令人不安的，引起烦恼的①Dadnormallyhatesbeing_disturbed(disturb)whenheiswriting.(2018·上海一模)爸爸通常不喜欢在写作的时候被打扰。②Thebooktakesplaceduringadisturbing(disturb)timeinSouthAfrica,whenthecountrywasdealingwithviolenceandtherapidspreadofAIDS.(2018·南宁模拟)这本书写的是南非的一个令人不安的时期，当时该国正在处理暴力和艾滋病的迅速蔓延。③Mygrandmotheris_very_disturbed_bythelossofhearing.我祖母对失去听力深感不安。④It_disturbed_her_to_realizethatshewasalone.她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。5．discouragevt.使灰心；劝阻，阻止；使泄气[教材原句]Eventhoughsomeofthegorillaswerequitedangerous,thisdidnotdiscourageDian.尽管有些大猩猩相当危险，但这没有阻止黛安。(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragingadj.令人泄气或沮丧的discouragedadj.(人)感到泄气或沮丧的(3)discouragementn.劝阻；泄气；使人泄气的事；挫折，气馁①Inanefforttodiscourage_people_from_usingplastics,scientistshavebeenhardatworkinventingalternativepackagingproducts.(2018·烟台一模)为了劝人们不要使用塑料，科学家们一直在努力发明可替代的包装产品。②Yetinsteadofbeing_discouraged_bymyslowprogress,Iwasexcited.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形)我并没有因为自己进步缓慢而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。③Today'sreportontheeconomyisso_discouraging_thatmanypeoplelosehopeoftheirbusiness.今天的经济报告是如此令人沮丧以至于许多人对生意失去了希望。6．desiren．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要[教材原句]Healwayshadastrongdesiretolearnhowtofly.他总是强烈渴望能学习飞行。(1)have/loseadesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.想/不想做某事,forsth.想/不想得到某物))(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(3)desiredadj.渴望的；想得的①Mostpeoplehave_a_desire_tocollectthings.大多数人都想收集东西。②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)_be_given(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.我们渴望能给那些被洪水围困的当地村民们提供及时的救援。③Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimesbringthe_desired_result.在没有枕头的硬床上睡觉有时会带来理想的结果。④Idesireto_contact(contact)himforsomesuggestionsonimprovingmylistening.我想和他联系，就提高我的听力征求一些建议。[名师点津]desire后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。7．applyvi.申请；适用vt.使用，应用；专心于；涂抹，敷[教材原句]In1998,heappliedtobeamemberofProject921,whichisnowcalledShenzhou.1998年，他申请成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。[一词多义]写出句中apply的含义①Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.应用，使用②Interestedinthisinternationalnetwork,Iamwritingtoapplyforitsmembership.申请③Thenurseappliedtheointmenttothewound.涂抹，敷(1)apply...to...把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上applyto...适应……；适用于……apply(to...)for...(向……)申请……applyoneselfto集中精力于(2)applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请；申请书；适用④Whenanideaoccurredtotheapplicant,_hefirstapplied_it_tohiswork.Healsoapplied_forapatentaboutit.Thenheapplied_himself_tomakingnecessarychanges.当那位申请人想到一个主意时，他首先把它应用到他的工作中。他还申请了一项专利。然后他集中精力做了必要的改变。[自主练通词汇]1．preservevt.保存，保护，保持n.保护区完成句子①Socialactivitiesusuallypreserve_old_people_fromtheloneliness.社会活动经常保护老年人免于孤独之苦。②Ithinktheseinterestingoldcustomsshouldbe_well_preserved.我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该被很好地保留下来。③Inthisnature_preserve,_alltherareplantsare_well­preserved.在这种自然保护区，所有珍稀植物都保存完好。2．inspirevt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞单句语法填空①ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicansto_lay(lay)downtheirweapons.(2016·江苏高考阅读)②Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirations(inspire)forgreatinventions.(2017·北京高考)③Itisreallyinspiring(inspire)tohearthatmysongotfirstplaceinthemathscontest.④Everydayinourwork,weareinspired(inspire)bythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.(2016·四川高考阅读)[点拨]inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的(修饰说明物)；inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的(修饰说明人)。[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Somepeopleeatwildanimalsnotonlytoenjoythetastebutalsotowanttosatisfytheircuriosity(curious)．2．Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoingabroad,butfailed.3．Everyonedesiresto_live(live)inaworldfreeofworriesandpains.4．Unfortunately(fortunate),thatricketyoldsled(雪橇)theyusedcouldn'tholdupandtheycrashed.5．Mygrandfathercontentedhimself(he)withasingleglassofwine.6．Manymeasureshavebeentakentopreserveournaturalresourcesfrombeingwasted.7．Ourteacherinspiredusto_make(make)greaterefforts.8．I'mwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyourpany.9．Beingnative,Iammyhadnotroubleinfindingtheentrancetothevalley.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Inspiringbythespeech,thelittlegirlmadeuphermindtoworkevenharder.Inspiring→Inspired2．Don'tbesodiscouraging.Ifyouputawaysuchfeelings,youwilldobetternexttime.discouraging→discouraged3．ShortafterthatraceIgotitinmyheadthatIcouldrunamarathon.Short→Shortly4．Peoplegatheredround,curiouslytoknowwhatwashappening.curiously→curious5．Iamverydisturbingbytheplaintsthathavebeenmadeagainstyou.disturbing→disturbed6．Wealwaysdesireliveinharmonywithourneighbors.live前加to7．Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplyforher.for→to8．Theorganizationwassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciestoextinction.第二个to→fromⅢ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)1.Everyonehasachanceofmaking_a_fortune(发财)bystruggling.2．Youshould'tbe_content_with_such_small_success(满足于这样小的成功)．3．Ishouldapply_for_the_post(申请这个职位)ifIwereyou.4．这位老妇人希望她的儿女们不时地来看望她。①Theoldwomandesiredhersonsanddaughtersto_e_and_seeherfromtimetotime.(desiresb.todo)②Theoldwomandesired_thathersonsanddaughterse_and_seeherfromtimetotime.(desirethat...)5．我们希望坏天气不会阻止人们前来。①Wehopethebadweatherwon'tdiscourage_people_fromingalong.(discourage)②Wehopethebadweatherwon'tprevent_people_fromingalong.(prevent)③Wehopethebadweatherwon'tstop_people_fromingalong.(stop)[第二板块短语、句式突破]1．eacross(偶然)遇见；发现；被理解[教材原句]There,theycameacrossthetombofKingTutankhamun.在那个地方，他们偶然发现了图坦卡蒙国王的陵墓。ealong跟随eabout发生eon来吧；赶快；进行eout出版；出来；出现；结果是eto苏醒；总计；达到etooneself苏醒，恢复知觉eup走近；上来；发芽；被提出eupwith想出；提出whenitesto...当谈到……时①Whenwalkingdownthestreet,Icame_acrossDavidwhoIhadn'tseenforyears.当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。②However,newshootsofbamboowille_upfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones.然而，新的竹笋将从旧根的周围长出来。③Icanusetheputer.Whenitestorepairing(repair)it,Iknownothing.我会使用电脑，但谈到修电脑，我一无所知。[联想发散]表示“(偶然)遇见”的短语还有：runacross;runinto;meetwith;meet...bychance/byaccident等。2．resultin导致，结果是……[教材原句]Ifbreathedin,theycanresultinillnessorevendeath.如果(这些病毒)被人体吸入，它们可能导致疾病甚至死亡。(1)resultfrom由……造成；因……而产生(2)asaresult结果asaresultof...作为……的结果①Lookforareviewpartnerbecausestudyingbyyourselfmighteventuallyresult_in_laziness.寻找一个复习的搭档，因为你独自学习可能最终会产生惰性。②Thetrainwasdelayedas_a_result_oftheheavyrain.由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。③As_a_result,_peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.结果，人们将吃更多的食物去努力弥补损失的东西。[联想发散]表示“导致”的短语还有：leadto;contributeto;bringabout;accountfor等。3.payoff成功，带来好结果；得到回报；还清[教材原句]Allmyyearsoftrainingasanexplorerhavefinallypaidoff!我作为探险家多年的训练终于得到了回报！[一词多义]写出句中payoff的含义①Howeverdifficultyoufindittoarrangeyourtime,itwillpayoffinthelongrun.带来好结果②Theyhaveloans,bills,amortgagetopayoff,retirementtosavefor.还清③Tim,believeme,allyoureffortswillpayoffsomeday.得到回报payback偿还，偿付；报复payfor...付钱买……，为……付出代价paysb.moneyfor...为……付给某人钱payavisittosb./sp.访问某人/参观某处payattentionto注意④I'llpay_him_backformakingmelooklikeafoolinfrontofeveryone.他让我当众出丑，我非治治他不可。⑤Hepaid_twenty_dollars_forthesecond­handtool.他花20美元买了这件二手工具。[名师点津]在对payoff短语进行考查时，其抽象意义“带来好结果，得到好回报”是考查的重点。⑥ThoughpoemsintheTangDynastyareverydifficulttolearn,youreffortswill_pay_offintime.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)尽管唐诗很难学，但你的努力总有一天会得到回报。4．Bythe1920s,hehad_beeanexplorer,searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。句中bythe1920s意为“到了20世纪20年代”。“by＋时间名词”，在句中作时间状语。eq\x(\a\al(“by＋时间”作状语，句子时态如下：,1“by＋现在时间”，主句用现在完成时,2“by＋过去时间”，主句用过去完成时,3“by＋将来时间”，主句用将来完成时))①Bynow,fivevillagershave_been_attacked(attack)bythehairycreature.到现在为止，已经有5个村民被那个多毛动物袭击了。②Bythetimethedoctorarrivedatthespot,thepatienthad_died_(die).当医生到达现场时，病人已经死了。③Bythetimehe'stwenty,hewill_have_known(know)everyoneworthknowinginWashington.到20岁时，他就会认识华盛顿所有值得认识的人。[名师点津]“by＋将来的时间”也可以用于虚拟语气句子中，表示对未来的假设。此时其所在句子谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。④IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwould_happen(happen)bytheyear2100?如果各个国家只能保持巴黎协议的初步承诺，2100年后会发生什么？5．AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,it_washishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。该句型为强调句型，其结构为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分”。被强调的部分指人时，可用who或that，其他一律用that。(1)强调句型的基本结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分(2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？(3)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that/who＋其他成分？(4)not...until...用于强调句的句式：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...①It_waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。②Was_it_five_years_ago_thatwegottogether?我们聚在一起是在五年前吗？③Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.What_is_it_thathasmadehimwhatheistoday?那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？④It_wasn't_until_IfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.(2017·天津高考阅读表达)直到我完成了电影学习，我才开始追逐我的演员生涯。[名师点津](1)强调句型的判断方法：一般来说，如果把句子中的“Itis/was”和“that/who”去掉，语序稍加调整，能还原为完整句子，且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型。(2)强调句型中，that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.选词填空eq\x(payoff，resultin，eacross，openup，inconnectionwith，setsail)1．Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopay_offhisdebts.2．OurshipfromShanghaitoLondonwillset_sailtomorrow.3．Hiscarelessnessresulted_inthefailureoftheexperiment.4．Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsin_connection_withthebankrobbery.5．YesterdayafternoonIcame_acrossanoldfriendwehadn'tseenforages.6．ThereisanewThairestaurantopening_upintown.Ⅱ.翻译句子1.警方已控制了局势。(incontrolof)The_police_have_been_in_control_of_the_situation.2．孩子应当尊敬父母和老师。(lookupto)Children_should_look_up_to_their_parents_and_teachers._3．到你回来时，我就写完我的小说了。(bythetime)By_the_time_you_e_back,_I_will_have_finished_writing_my_novel.4．这些花如果不能每天浇水就会死去。(unless＋分词)The_flowers_will_die_unless_watered_every_day.5．她兴冲冲地回到家里，却发现一个人也没有。(onlytodo...)She_came_home_excitedly,_only_to_find_nobody_was_in.Ⅲ.按要求改写句子1．Thedriver'sdiedasaresultofhiscarelessness.(改为复合句)→The_driver's_died_because_he_was_careless.2．Ididn'trealizethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.(强调until从句)→It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that_I_realized_she_was_a_famous_film_star.3．Withoutherwork,therewouldbeveryfewmountaingorillaslefttoday.(用if改写句子)→If_it_hadn't_been_for_her_work,_there_would_be_very_few_mountain_gorillas_left_today.4．Theynotonlystudiedallthesubjectsrequiredtobeanastronaut,butalsolearnedsurvivalskills.(改为部分倒装)→Not_only_did_they_study_all_the_subjects_required_to_be_an_astronaut,_but_also_learned_survival_skills.eq\a\vs4\al([课堂双线提能]课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接)提能一用课文词汇写高分作文amazing，create，nationality，curious，discouraged，lookupto，haveaeffecton，resultin1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)①一些有所作为的人永远值得我们敬佩。Some_amazing_people__are_worth_looking_up_toforever.②比尔·盖茨对计算机技术产生了很大影响。BillGateshad_a_great_effect_onputertechnology.③贝多芬为我们创造了美妙的音乐。Beethovencreated_wonderful_musicforus.④袁隆平水稻研究导致了产量的提高。YuanLongping'sresearchonricebreedresulted_in_the_increase__in_production.⑤虽然他们国籍不同，但是他们的共同点就是对世界感到好奇并且从不气馁。Thoughtheyareofdifferent_nationalities,_whattheyhaveinmonisthattheyare_curious_about__the_world_and__never_discouraged.2．升级平淡句用强调句改写句③It_was_Beethoven__who__created_wonderful_music_for_us.3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：thought)Someamazingpeopleareworthlookinguptoforever.BillGateshadagreateffectonputertechnology.ItwasBeethovenwhocreatedwonderfulmusicforus.YuanLongping'sresearchonricebreedresultedintheincreaseinproduction.Thoughtheyareofdifferentnationalities,whattheyhaveinmonisthattheyarecuriousabouttheworldandneverdiscouraged.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——“名词性从句＋定语从句”搭档复合句]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句Othersbelievethattheywereinconnectionwithamummy'scurse，asapunishmentforthosewhoentertherestingplaceofthedead.这是一个复合句，主句谓语动词believe后接一个that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句中又含有一个who引导的定语从句。但唯一不是很有趣的事情是，他能钓到许多鱼，而我什么也钓不到。真题长难句Buttheonlythingthatwasn'tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything.(2015·广东高考)这是一个复合句，thatwasn'tveryfunaboutit是定语从句，thathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything是表语从句，其中while是并列连词。“杰出人物”是高中新课标话题“个人情况”中的子话题，其命题点分布于高考试题的各个题型，如阅读理解中的人物传记，写作中的申请信及人物介绍等。熟练掌握该类话题的各种题型是高考制胜的捷径之一。一、话题与语篇[考题示例](2017·6月浙江高考阅读A)[1]BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.[3]The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.[4]In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.[5]Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell­knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter[策略指导](一)这样读文第1步：宏观把握文章大意分层抓关键句概括层意行文结构第1段第1段画波浪线部分6岁时本杰明就显示出了一定的艺术天赋开端第2～4段第2～4段画波浪线部分从自制画笔作画到获得表兄赠送的专业绘画材料，本杰明的天赋逐步展现，并引起了堂兄的关注发展第5段第5段画波浪线部分在费城，9岁的本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家结局第2步：微观突破理解障碍[尝试翻译]虽然很有可能本杰明对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导。(二)这样做题[名师解题]21．主旨大意题。选C文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C项。22．句意理解题。选D由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。23．细节理解题。选B根据文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料，故选B项。24．推理判断题。选D根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，Williams给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选D项。[阅读理解系列技法4]利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意不是每一篇文章都有明确的主题句，也不是所有段落都有明确的段落主题句。有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，但没有用一句明确的话表达出来。这就要求考生做题时根据文章的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，找出共同点，再归纳成一般概念。也就是利用文章的主线和关键信息(事实、细节、观点等)提炼文章大意。此类文章通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。例如第21题，文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。(三)这样积累1．materialn．材料2．classicadj.经典的3．dulladj.无意义的4．panionn.陪伴5．beforcedto被迫……6．beimpressedwith对……印象深刻二、话题与写作[考题示例](2016·北京高考)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1．该人物是谁；2．该人物的主要贡献；3．该人物对你的影响。注意：1.词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim，Yours，LiHua[写作规范]第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分1．收到……来信hear_from2．我最喜欢的中国历史人物my_favorite_figure_inChinese_history3．和……分享share_...with_...4．关于/至于as_for5．肯定是must_be6．介绍现代科技和思想introduce_modern_techn­ologies_and_ideas7．主修major_in第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分1．从你上次的邮件中得知你要我告诉你我最喜欢的中国历史人物。I_know_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history.2．我很高兴与你分享。I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.3．关于我最喜欢的历史人物，那一定是魏源。As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan.4．他是晚清一位伟大的思想家。He_was_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.5．在他的书《海国图志》中，他将现代科技和思想介绍到了中国。He,_in_his_book,_Haiguo_Tuzhi_(Maps_and_Records_of_the_World),_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China.6．事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语专业，架起中国和世界的桥梁。In_fact,_he_inspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_to_be_a_bridge_between_China_and_the_world.第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分1．将句1、2用现在分词作状语合并Knowing_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.2．将句3、4用同位语合并As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Ch