备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）黄金卷01（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期中）Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis1.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe2movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand3.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.5,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe6.“Givehimchestcompressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained7.Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals8.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,9anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s10deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.1．A．manager B．client C．grandfather D．aunt2．A．current B．oxygen C．wave D．blood3．A．imagine B．watch C．shout D．record4．A．Hoping B．Assuming C．Complaining D．Recalling5．A．Instantly B．Slightly C．Normally D．Surprisingly6．A．train B．crowds C．platform D．rails7．A．strength B．balance C．consciousness D．control8．A．lookahead B．takeover C．getaround D．keepaway9．A．providing B．engaging C．assisting D．crediting10．A．generous B．grateful C．courageous D．faithful【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．B5．A6．D7．C8．B9．D10．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AnthonyPerry在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20岁的佩里在一家杂货店上夜班，当时佩里正准备去看他的祖父。A.manager经理；B.client客户；C.grandfather祖父；D.aunt姑妈，伯母。根据后文“Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.(电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去。)”可知，佩里正准备去看他的祖父。故选C。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A.current气流；电流；B.oxygen氧气；C.wave海浪；大海；D.blood血。根据上句“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了:一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，掉到电轨上，电流会流过他的身体。故选A。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看着。A.imagine想象；B.watch看；C.shout呼喊；D.record记录。根据后句“Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.(他坐在月台边上，慢慢地坐下来)”可知，他准备营救这个人，并不是站在那里看着。故选B。4．考动查词词义辨析。句意：他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去。A.Hoping希望；B.Assuming假设，认为；C.Complaining抱怨；D.Recalling回忆。根据本句“hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他认为自己和受害者之间的铁轨都通电了，所以他迅速向受害者扑去。故选B。5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻感到一阵强烈的电击穿过他的身体。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Slightly轻微地；C.Normally通常，平常；D.Surprisingly惊人地，出乎意料地。根据上句“4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他立刻感到一阵强烈的电流穿过他的身体。故选A。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。A.train火车；B.crowds人群；C.platform平台；D.rails铁路。根据上文“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了铁轨上，他将受害者的身体从铁轨上移开。故选D。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他在那个人的心脏上按压了一会儿，直到受害者恢复了意识。A.strength体力；B.balance平衡；C.consciousness意识；D.control控制，掌管。根据本句“heworkedontheman’sheart(他对受害者进行胸部按压)”可知，受害者失去了意识，所以进行胸部按压。故选C。8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：佩里让专业人士接手。A.lookahead向前看；B.takeover接管；C.getaround规避，逃避；D.keepaway远离，避开。根据上句“Then,first-aidersarrived(随后，急救人员赶到了)”可知，急救人员赶到后，佩里他们接手。故选B。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：晚间新闻报道了这一事件，并称赞一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A.providing提供；B.engaging参加；C.assisting帮助；D.crediting赞扬。根据本句“anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife(一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事迹是值得赞扬的，故选D。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，佩里的勇敢事迹表明了选择同情而非个人安全的力量。A.generous慷慨的；B.grateful感谢的，感激的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.faithful忠实的，忠诚的。根据上文“Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe6.(但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。)”可知，佩里在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）A（2023秋·北京·高三校联考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。SwedishstudentsgenerallywelcomeAItoolsineducation,but62%considerusingchatbotsinexamsascheating.However,theboundariesofcheatingwithAIremainuncertain.Thisresult11(show)inasurveyfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology.Thestudy,thefirstofitskind12(investigate)students’attitudestowardsAIineducationhasgatheredcrucialinformationandpresentedtheresultsinanoverviewreport.Theresearchershopethesurvey’sfindingswillempowerstudents13helpthemgetabetterunderstandingofAI’sroleinlearning.【答案】11．isshown12．toinvestigate13．and【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能在学习中发挥的作用。11．考查时态语态。句意：查尔姆斯理工大学的一项调查显示了这一结果。根据句意可知谓语动词show和主语thisresult之间是被动关系，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语thisresult是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填isshown。12．考查动词不定式。句意：这项研究首次调查了学生对教育中人工智能的态度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述报告中展示了结果。分析句子可知，空处使用不定式作后置定语修饰thefirstofitskind。故填toinvestigate。13．考查连词。句意：研究人员希望这项调查的结果能赋予学生权力，帮助他们更好地理解人工智能在学习中的作用。根据句意可知前后句子之间是并列关系，使用and连接。故填and。B（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nowadays,peoplearechoosingtoliveinaminimalistlifestyle.Minimalism,14(bear)outofearly20th-centurymodernism,wasatrend15over-decoratedandover-furnished.Oneofthemainreasonspeoplechoosetobecomeminimalistsisthattheywanttoachievemoremeaningintheirlife.Throughpracticingminimalism,peoplereducetheirpossessionstoonesthatmakethem16(true)happy.Besides,digitalminimalismisparticularlyappealingtomillennialswhohavegrowntiredofsocialmediaandbeingaddictedtotheirtechnology.【答案】14．born15．against16．truly【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极简主义的生活方式。14．考查非谓语动词。句意：极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义，是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语was，空处要使用非谓语，主语Minimalism和bear（诞生）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用其过去分词表示被动。故填born。15．考查介词。句意：极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义，是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子并根据语境可知，极简主义是选择非常简单的生活方式，因此与过度装饰和过度布置的理念大相径庭，因此需使用表示相反意味的介词against“反对；违背”。故填against。16．考查副词。句意：通过实践极简主义，人们减少了他们的财产，只留下那些让他们真正快乐的东西。分析句子可知，空处需使用副词truly（真正地）作状语修饰happy。故填truly。C（2023秋·北京·高三校联考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Rachelhadalwaysbeenfascinatedwiththemysteriesofthesea.Shedreamedofexploringthe17(deep)ofitanddiscoveringunknowncreatures.Herobsessionintensifiedwhenshediscoveredanoldmapinhergrandfather’sattic(顶楼),whichshowedaplacemarked“hiddentreasure”.Ignoring18hermotherhadwarned,shestartedasmall-boatadventure.Afterhoursofsearchingwithnoluck,afriendlygiantoctopusappeared,guidinghertoasecretcave19shefoundtreasuresbeyondherwildestdreams.Fromthisexperience,Rachel20(know)thatthebravestseekersoftenfindthegreatesttreasures.【答案】17．depths/depth18．what19．where20．knew/hasknown【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Rachel对海洋奥秘的探索。17．考查名词。句意：她梦想着探索海洋的深处最深的地方，发现未知的生物。冠词修饰名词，depth“深处”，根据句意，既可以用作可数名词单数也可以用作可数名词复数，故填depths/depth。18．考查宾语从句。句意：她不顾母亲的警告，开始了一场小船冒险。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，使用what引导。故填what。19．考查定语从句。句意：一只友好的巨型章鱼出现了，引导她到一个秘密的洞穴，在那里她发现了她最疯狂的梦想之外的宝藏。空处引导定语从句，先行词cave在从句中充当地点状语，使用where引导。故填where。20．考查动词时态。句意：从这次经历中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的宝藏。根据句意可知此处时态一般过去时，动词使用过去式，也可以描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。故填knew/hasknown。第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023秋·北京·高三校联考开学考试）StargazingFestivalsin2023Asmoreareasgrowbrighterwithlightpollution,nationalparksacrossthecountryhavebecomedark-skyhavens.Overtheyears,theyaremakingapushtogetcertifiedashavensforsky-watchingbytheInternationalDarkSkyAssociation,andtheyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy.·BryceCanyonNationalPark—June14-17SituatedinsouthernUtah,BryceCanyonearneditsdark-skytitlein2019.The35,835-acreparkisanidealplacetostayuplate.Thisyear,itsannualastronomyfestivalincludesguidedstargazingsessions,lecturesand“starstories”presentations,family-friendlyactivities,andevenaperformancebystringsmusiciansinthenorthernArizona-basedDarkSkyQuartet.·ShenandoahNationalPark—August11-13Convenientlylocatedwithinaday’sdrivefromtwo-thirdsofAmericans,ShenandoahNationalPark’snightskyfestivalisalow-liftwaytodabbleinastronomy.Thenearly200,000-acreparkwillhostrangertalks,publicstargazingsessions,lectures,presentations,andactivitiesforkids.Staffersarestillworkingonthisyear’sfullschedule,butpasteventshavecoveredtopicsrangingfromspaceweathertonocturnal(夜间的)creatures.·GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16GreatBasinisoneoftheleastcrowdednationalparks,makingittheperfectplacetoquietlyappreciatethemysteriesofthecosmos.Itsannualastronomyfestivalisscheduledforthisfallandincludesguestspeakers,constellationtalks,observatorytours,andaphotographyworkshop.Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor.·JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14JoshuaTreeNationalPark,astheInternationalDarkSkyAssociationnotes,isthe“nearestconvenientplacetogostargazingunderarelativelydarksky”forthe18millionpeoplewholiveintheLosAngelesarea.Itbecameanofficialdarkskyparkin2017,andeachyear,ithostsanightskyfestivalinthefall.Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse.FromJoshuaTree,themoonwillappeartoobscurebetween70and80percentofthesun.21．WhatisthepurposeofStargazingFestivals?A．Toraisepublicinterestinastronomy.B．Tocallforactionagainstlightpollution.C．Toprovideaplatformtoobservestars.D．Tocollectmoneyformoreobservatories.22．Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceworkinginlow-lightconditions?A．BryceCanyonNationalPark. B．ShenandoahNationalPark.C．GreatBasinNationalPark. D．JoshuaTreeNationalPark.23．WhatmightbeabonustovisitorstoJoshuaTreeNationalParkduringthefestivals?A．Anobservatorytour. B．Aphotographyworkshop.C．Astargazingtour. D．Asolareclipse.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者列举了2023年四个国家公园的星空观测节活动。21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“theyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy(他们甚至举办观星节等活动，让旅行者对天文学感到兴奋)”可知观星节的目的是提高公众对天文学的兴趣，故选A。22．细节理解题。根据GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16部分的“Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor(在艺术节独特的“黑暗中的艺术”项目中，参与者将在弱光条件下绘画，并实验他们的眼睛如何感知颜色)”可知如果你想体验在弱光条件下的工作，你应该去大盆地国家公园，故选C。23．推理判断题。根据JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14部分的“Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse(幸运的是，今年的日期与环形“火环”日食重叠)可知在节日期间，日食可能是约书亚树国家公园游客的额外奖励，故选D。BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24．WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A．ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B．HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C．Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D．AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A．It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B．It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C．Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D．Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26．WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A．Itshistoriccontributions. B．Theteamitbroughttogether.C．Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D．Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C．Wellbegunishalfdone. D．Timelostcannotbewonagain.【答案】24．D25．D26．B27．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名工程师，工作包括规划、制作和操作飞行中的科学仪器。作者认为自己从事有益于人类的项目，感到感激和满足。24．细节理解题。根据第二段“AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.(在收到一封来自麻省理工学院的电子邮件后，在我妈妈的鼓励下，我决定申请他们提供的暑期项目。在参加了这个项目之后，我知道MIT是适合我的大学)”可知，作者申请麻省理工学院是因为一个暑期项目使她爱上了麻省理工学院。故选D。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.(作为一名工程师，最令人兴奋和满足的部分是我能够从事有益于人类的项目)”以及“Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.(他们可能无法想象的是，研究我们自己的家园地球的大量工作正在进行。我很感激有这样一份工作，能让我承担起这样的责任)”可知，作者因自己为人类福祉而工作而自豪。故选D。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.(虽然卡西尼号将因其历史性贡献而被铭记，但我将铭记的是它所凝聚的团队)”可知，在卡西尼号任务中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的团队。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.(我意识到英雄故事的一个共同主题是，英雄必须总是做出选择，开始他们的冒险。如果你在自己的故事中因为害怕接下来可能发生的事情而不拿起剑，你就有可能根本没有故事)”可知，我们能从这个故事中学到“勇者无惧”的道理。故选B。CLaughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.Andthoughthecausesoflaughtercanvarywidelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingtodifferentcultures.Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“laugh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?Inhumans,peoplemaylaughwhentheyhearajoke,orwhentheyseesomethingthattheythinkisfunny,thoughit’sunknownifanimals’intelligenceincludeswhathumanswouldcallasenseofhumor.However,manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchersconsidersuchvocalizationstobesimilartohumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“laughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals(哺乳动物),butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthatanimalgroup.Thisnewstudycouldhelpscientiststoanalyzetheoriginsofhumanlaughter.Buthowcanweidentifyplay?Unlikefighting,playisusuallyrepetitiveandhappensindependentlyofothersocialbehaviors,saidleadstudyauthorSashaWinkler,adoctorofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Whenitcomestoidentifyingit,“youknowitwhenyouseeit,”WinklertoldLiveScience.Onesignisthatprimates—ourclosestrelatives—havea“playface”thatissimilartotheexpressionsofhumanswhoareplaying.WhenWinklerpreviouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques,shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted(喘气)quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.Peoplenowstilllaughduringplay,butwealsointegratelaughterintolanguageandnon-playbehaviors,usinglaughterindiversewaystoexpressarangeofemotionsthatmaybepositiveornegative.Humanlaughternotablydiffersfromotheranimals’laughterinanotherimportantway:itsvolume.Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.Bycomparison,whenmostanimalslaugh,thesoundisveryquiet—justloudenoughtobeheardbythelaugher’spartner.“It’sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,”WinklertoldLiveScience.“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy."28．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplaincausesofanimalandhumanlaughter.B．Toassesscomplexitiesregardinganimallaughter.C．Topresentfindingsontheexistenceofanimallaughter.D．Toanalyzedifferencesbetweenanimalandhumanlaughter.29．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Animallaughterisevennoticeableinfish.B．Animallaughterishardtorecognizeduringplay.C．Peoplehavelearnedtocombineplaywithlaughter.D．Peoplelaughloudlybecausetheywanttoinvolveothers.30．Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?A．Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.B．Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.C．Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.D．Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.【答案】28．C29．D30．A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果。28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“laugh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?(但是动物呢？他们会“笑”吗？动物和人类笑的原因是一样的吗？)”提出的三个问题、第三段中“Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“laughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals(哺乳动物),butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.(最近，科学家们调查了游戏中的发声，看看它在动物中有多普遍。研究小组确定了65种会在玩耍时“笑”的物种——大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会笑)”、第五段中“Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.(她说，许多其他灵长类动物也会在玩耍时发出声音，因此提出了一种假说(人类的笑声被认为是在玩耍时产生的)，这种假说得到了许多灵长类动物与玩耍有关的喘息笑声的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,’WinklertoldLiveScience.(温克勒告诉《生活科学》杂志说：“这么多动物在玩耍时都有类似的发声功能，这真的很有趣。”)”中给出的相关答案可知，本文是为了展示“动物界存在笑声”相关研究的成果。故选C项。29．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.(人们大声传播他们的笑声，这通常是作为一种寻求参与者的方式)”可知，人们大声地笑是为了让其它人参与进来。故选D项。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy.(但我们确实有人类笑声所独有的部分，这也是未来研究的一个重要领域)”可推知，接下来的研究很可能重点关注人类笑声的独特特征。故选A项。DPlantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(电催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸盐)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Fresh. B．Resting. C．Healthy. D．Normal.32．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B．Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C．Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D．Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.33．AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A．accurate B．dangerous C．promising D．impractical34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B．Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C．Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D．Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.【答案】31．B32．A33．C34．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工光合作用的过程以及积极效果。31．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylight(这就是为什么植物在温暖的月份生长和茁壮成长)”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”结合常识，可知，植物在阳光充足的温暖月份生长茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故划线词意思是“休息的”。故选B。32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(电催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸盐)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人员使用两步电催化过程将二氧化碳、水和电转化为醋酸盐——醋的主要成分——植物有机体消耗醋酸来生长。研究人员调整了电解槽，这是一种利用电力来支持食物生产生物生长的设备。用这种方法生产出了最高水平的醋酸盐)”可知，第三段的主要内容是人工光合作用的过程。故选A。33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.(食物几乎可以在任何地方种植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上种植番茄——这对未来的火星人来说会容易多少？”UCR植物转化研究中心主任MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas说)”可知，MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas认为人工光合作用是有希望的。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.(这种新方法使用更少的土地提高了粮食生产的效率，并最大限度地减少了对地球环境的影响)”可知，利用人工光合作用种植食物可以减少对环境的影响。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期中）Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowing