2023-2024学年上海市杨浦区高一下学期4月模拟质量调研英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE2上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高一下学期4月模拟质量调研英语试题I.ListeningComprehension(略)II.Grammarandvocabulary(10%+10%)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheRoleofSiblings(兄弟姐妹)It’scommonknowledgethatthefamilyachildgrowsupinhasahugeinfluenceonthechild’sattitudes,beliefsandmentalhealth.Peopleusuallyowethisinfluencetothechild’sparents,butrelationshipswithbrothersandsistersarejustasimportant.Duringchildhood,siblingsseeeachothereverydayandspendmoretimewitheachotherthananyoneelse,___1___(share)experiencesthatlastalltheirlives.Siblingsarealsoforcedtopersevereintheirrelationshipswitheachother___2___theyhavesomedisagreement.Thispusheschildren___3___(practice)conflictresolutionskillssincetheycannotleavethefamilialrelationship,astheycouldwithafriend.Butasiblingrelationshipalsooffersasafeplacetodiscussdifficulttopics___4___fearofabandonment.Relationshipsbetweensiblingsvarydependingontheagesandpersonalitiesofthechildren___5___(involve).Somechildrenformclose,unconditionalfriendshipswiththeirsiblings___6___otherscompetewiththem.Oldersiblingsoftenteachtheiryoungerbrothersandsistersusefulskillsorgivethemadvice,buttheycanalsosetbadexamples,___7___(lead)theiryoungersiblingstodothingsthatarewrongorfoolish.Oncechildrengrowup,theydonotseetheirsiblingsasoftenasbefore___8___theyusuallynolongerlivetogether.Maintainingsiblingrelationshipsnowtakeswork,andifsiblingsdonotgetalong,theycanavoideachother.Sometimessiblingsbecomeestranged(疏远的),___9___canincludeeverythingfromfeelingdistantortensetohavingtheirWeChatMoments___10___(block)toeachother.Butmanysiblingrelationshipsimproveinyoungadulthoodasthesiblingsmature.Sometimesthedistancehelpssiblingsenjoyother’scompanywhentheydomeet.Siblingshelpshapeeachother’slives,bothaschildrenandintoadulthood,sotakingthetimetocultivatepositiverelationshipswithsiblingsisextremelyimportant.〖答案〗1.sharing2.when3.topractice4.without5.involved6.while7.leading8.because9.which10.blocked【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了兄弟姐妹在成长过程中的重要性。【1题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在童年时期，兄弟姐妹每天都能见面，在一起的时间比任何人都多，分享一生的经历。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，siblings与share为主动关系，用现在分词。故填sharing。【2题详析】考查时间状语从句。句意：当兄弟姐妹之间有一些分歧时，他们也被迫坚持彼此的关系。分析句子可知，空处缺少连词连接句子，结合Siblingsarealsoforcedtopersevereintheirrelationshipswitheachother和theyhavesomedisagreement可知，空处表示“当……时”，为引出时间场合的情况，用when引导。故填when。【3题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这促使孩子们练习解决冲突的技巧，因为他们不能像和朋友一样离开家庭关系。pushsbtodo意思为：逼迫某人做某事，空处用不定式作宾补。故填topractice。【4题详析】考查介词。句意：但兄弟姐妹的关系也提供了一个安全的地方来讨论困难的话题，而不用担心被抛弃。根据上文sincetheycannotleavethefamilialrelationship可知，亲情是不能离开的，所以此处表示“不用担心被抛弃”，空处为介词without。故填without。【5题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：兄弟姐妹之间的关系因孩子的年龄和性格而异。空处修饰children作后置定语，children与involve为被动关系，用过去分词。故填involved。【6题详析】考查连词。句意：有些孩子与他们的兄弟姐妹形成亲密的、无条件的友谊，而另一些孩子则与他们竞争。结合Somechildrenformclose,unconditionalfriendshipswiththeirsiblings及otherscompetewiththem可知，前后为对比关系，用while“然而”并列。故填while。【7题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：哥哥姐姐通常会教弟弟妹妹有用的技能或给他们建议，但他们也会树立坏榜样，导致弟弟妹妹做错误或愚蠢的事情。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，they指代“哥哥、姐姐”，与lead构成主动关系，用现在分词。故填leading。【8题详析】考查状语从句。句意：一旦孩子长大，他们就不像以前那样经常见到他们的兄弟姐妹，因为他们通常不再住在一起。根据句意可知，空处后为空前描述现象的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。【9题详析】考查定语从句。句意；有时兄弟姐妹之间会变得疏远，这可能包括各种各样的事情，从疏远或紧张关系到朋友圈被屏蔽。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为逗号前面的内容，作从句主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。【10题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作宾补，WeChatMoments与block为被动关系，用过去分词。故填blocked。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.ApurposelessB.remindingC.focusD.awareE.identifyF.managingG.attentionH.unrealisticI.appealJ.controlK.intelligentWhendidthevoiceinsideyourheadstarttalking?Ibecame___11___ofmineatabouttheageof15.Atnight,Isometimesfounditdifficulttogettosleepbecausetherewassomuch“mindchatter”insidemyhead.Infact,mindchatterisquitecommonforhumanbeings.Usually,wheneverour___12___isn’toccupied,astreamofmentalassociationsflowsthroughourmuds—thoughtsaboutthefutureorthepast,daydreamsaboutalternativerealities,orfriendsorcelebrities.Weoftencallthismentalactivity“thinking”,butthisisn’treallyaccurate.Realthinkingsuggestssomethingactiveoverwhichwehaveconscious(有意识的)___13___.Ithappenswhenweconsciouslyusepowersofreasonandlogictomakedecisionsandplans,organizeourlives,solveproblemsandsoon.Butmindchatterisn’tlikethis.It’srandom(随机的)and___14___,runningthroughourheadregardlessofourdesiresanddistractingus.Forexample,imagineyou’rethinkingaboutwhatelectivecoursetotakeforthenextschoolyear.Asyouareconsideringthem,thoughtsaboutyourfavoritesubjectsfloodin,___15___youofaprojectthatyoureallylike.Thismakesyourememberchattingwithfriendsaboutsomedocumentariesthat___16___toyoungpeople.Suddenly,youremembertheupcomingsciencefairandyouworryabout___17___yourtime.Allthesethoughtsleaveyoustrugglingto___18___,andyouendupseekingadvicefromclassmates.However,it’s___19___toexpecttosilenceourmindchatteraltogether.It’ssuchanaturalpartofourmindsthatitwon’tdisappear.WeshouldacceptitandtreatItasakindofphysiologicalprocessthattakesplaceinsideusbutisnotpartofouridentity.Wedon’tgetoursenseofidentityfromourdigestionorbloodcirculation,sowhyshouldwe____20____withthevoiceinsideourhead?〖答案〗11.D12.G13.J14.A15.B16.I17.F18.C19.H20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要解释了人类脑海中的“心理杂音”现象，并探讨了如何理解和处理这种现象。【11题详析】考查形容词。句意：我在大约15岁的时候意识到了我的内心声音。根据下文“Atnight,Isometimesfounditdifficulttogettosleepbecausetherewassomuch“mindchatter”insidemyhead(晚上，我有时会发现很难入睡，因为脑海中有太多的“心理杂音”)”可知此处上下文说的是意识到内心的声音，空白处应填表示“意识到”含义的表达，becomeawareof意识到，故选D。【12题详析】考查名词。句意：通常，当我们的注意力不被占据时，一连串的心理联想就会流过我们的头脑：关于未来或过去的想法，关于替代现实、朋友或名人的白日梦。根据上文“Infact,mindchatterisquitecommonforhumanbeings(事实上，心理杂音对人类来说是非常普遍的)”以及下文“astreamofmentalassociationsflowsthroughourmuds—thoughtsaboutthefutureorthepast,daydreamsaboutalternativerealities,orfriendsorcelebrities(一连串的心理联想就会流过我们的头脑：关于未来或过去的想法，关于替代现实、朋友或名人的白日梦)”可知，此处上下文说的是当我们的注意力没有被特定事物吸引时，我们的心理活动就会自由流动，导致心智杂音，可推理出空白处应填表示“注意”含义的名词，故选G。【13题详析】考查名词。句意：真正的思考意味着一些我们有意识控制的积极活动。根据下文“Ithappenswhenweconsciouslyusepowersofreasonandlogictomakedecisionsandplans,organizeourlives,solveproblemsandsoon(当我们有意识地使用理性和逻辑的力量来做决策和计划，组织我们的生活，解决问题等时，就会发生这种情况)”可知，下文说的是我们能够控制理性和逻辑的力量来做决策和计划，可推理出空白处应填表示“控制”含义的表达，故选J。【14题详析】考查形容词。句意：它是随机的和无目的的，不顾我们的愿望在我们的头脑中奔跑，分散我们的注意力。根据下文“runningthroughourheadregardlessofourdesiresanddistractingus(不顾我们的愿望在我们的头脑中奔跑，分散我们的注意力)”可知下文说的是心理杂音是没有目的的，可推理出空白处应填表示“无目的的”含义的表达，故选A。【15题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在考虑它们时，关于你最喜欢的东西的想法涌入，提醒你一个你非常喜欢的项目。根据下文“aprojectthatyoureallylike(一个你非常喜欢的项目)”可知下文说的是被提醒到的内容，可推理出空白处应填表示“提醒”含义的表达，因空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，又因与其逻辑主语thoughts之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故选B。【16题详析】考查动词。句意：这让你想起与朋友们讨论一些吸引年轻人的纪录片。根据上文“aprojectthatyoureallylike(一个你非常喜欢的项目)”、“chattingwithfriendsaboutsomedocumentaries(与朋友们讨论一些纪录片)”以及下文“youngpeople(年轻人)”可知此处上下文说的是这些纪录片吸引年轻人，可推理出空白处应填表示“吸引”含义的表达，appealto吸引，故选I。【17题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：突然，你想起了即将到来的科学博览会，你担心管理你的时间。根据上文“youremembertheupcomingsciencefairandyouworryabout(你想起了即将到来的科学博览会，你担心……)”以及下文“yourtime(你的时间)”可知，此处上下文说的是因为即将到来的科学博览会而担心无法处理好时间安排，可推理出空白处应填表示“管理”含义的表达，根据空白处前面的介词about可知空白处填动名词，故选F。【18题详析】考查动词。句意：所有这些想法会让你难以集中注意力，最后你不得不向同学寻求建议。根据下文“youendupseekingadvicefromclassmates(最终你向同学寻求建议)”可知此处说的是因事情多导致向同学寻求建议，可推理出此处上下文说的是无法集中注意力，故选C。【19题详析】考查形容词。句意：然而，期望完全消除我们的心理杂音是不现实的。根据下文“toexpecttosilenceourmindchatteraltogether.It’ssuchanaturalpartofourmindsthatitwon’tdisappear.(期望完全消除我们的心理杂音是……的。它是我们思想如此自然的一部分，它不会消失)”可知下文说的是心理杂音是我们思想如此自然的一部分，它不会消失，所以期望完全消除我们的心理杂音是不现实的，故选H。【20题详析】考查动词。句意：我们的身份感不是来自我们的消化或血液循环，那么为什么我们要与我们头脑中的声音认同呢？根据下文“thevoiceinsideourhead(我们头脑中的声音)”可知此处上下文说的是作者认为不要与我们头脑中的声音认同，可推理出空白处应填表示“认同”含义的表达，故选E。III.ReadingComprehension(15%+6%+6%+8%)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesrakedA.B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Gamesareanythingbutawasteoftime.Byplayinggames,childrenlearnandpreciseimportantskillsthattheywilluselongafterthegameshavebeen___21___.Youngchildrenlearntofollowrulesandwaittheir___22___.Theyalsopracticehowtocooperateand___23___winningorlosing.Olderchildrendevelopthinkingskillsincludingusingastrategyandplanningahead.Psychologistsaystrategygamesencouragethefrontallobes(额叶)ofthebraintodevelop.Thispartofthebrainis___24___forskillswhichincludeplanning,organizinganddecision-making.Playingboardgamescanimprovechildren’sfocusandincreasetheirattentionspan.Buttobesuccessful,gamesmustbeplayedtotheendwithoutany___25___.Playerscannotchecktheirphonesorleavethetableforasnack.Playingboardgamesorcardgamesisalsoagreatwaytounplug.Avarietyofstudies___26___ofthenegativeeffectsoftoomuchscreentime.Everyonegets___27___inataskwithotherpeople—inperson—whenplayingagame.Playinggamesisnotjustforkids,either.It’s___28___foradultsaswell.Theyneedtomaketimeintheirdayforenjoyment.Thiskindofactivitycantrigger(触发)the___29___ofthefeel-goodchemicalsthatmakepeoplefeelhappier.Thesocialinteractionofplayinggameswithfamilyandfriendsalsohelpsprevent___30___anddepression.Sharinglaughterandfunwhileplayinggamesnotonlyimprovesrelationshipsanddrawspeoplecloserbutalsoimprovesbrain___31___.Whenpeopleengageingameslikechessorotherstrategygames,theirbrainsare___32___.Playinggamescanalsostimulatethemindandboostcreativity.Takingabreakforgame—playingcanalsoincreaseyour___33___.Bythetimeyoufinishplayingagame,yourbrainwillhaverelaxed,soit’s___34___whenyougobacktowork.TheplaywrightGeorgeBernardShawfamouslysaid,“Wedon’tstopplayingbecausewegrowold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.”Itfollowsthen,thatplaykeepsyou___35___.Somakesometimetoplayagametoday!21.A.putaway B.settleddown C.referredto D.passeddown22.A.arrival B.opportunity C.turn D.limit23.A.predict B.accept C.adapt D.transform24.A.ready B.anxious C.responsible D.grateful25.A.interruption B.emotion C.appreciation D.application26.A.complain B.approve C.consist D.warn27.A.paid B.involved C.stuck D.confused28.A.unique B.addictive C.incredible D.beneficial29.A.release B.reaction C.record D.risk30.A.curiosity B.stress C.homesickness D.relief31.A.attack B.wave C.function D.structure32.A.scanned B.defeated C.preserved D.challenged33.A.productivity B.participation C.personality D.proposal34.A.morepassive B.heavier C.moreobjective D.sharper35.A.calm B.flexible C.young D.passionate〖答案〗21.A22.C23.B24.C25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是游戏的意义和作用。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过玩游戏，孩子们学习和掌握了重要的技能，这些技能在游戏结束后很长一段时间内都会用到。A.putaway结束；B.settleddown安顿下来；C.referredto参考；D.passeddown传下来。根据“longafterthegameshavebeen”可知，此处说“这些技能在游戏结束后很长一段时间内都会用到”。故选A项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：小孩子学会遵守规则，等待轮到他们。A.arrival到达；B.opportunity机会；C.turn（依次轮到的）机会；D.limit限制。根据“followrulesandwaittheir”可知，孩子们在玩游戏时，学会遵守规则和等待轮到他们。waitone’sturn是固定短语。故选C项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还练习如何合作和接受输赢。A.predict预测；B.accept接受；C.adapt适应；D.transform变换。根据winningorlosing可知，孩子们在玩游戏时，学会接受输赢。故选B项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这部分大脑负责计划、组织和决策等技能。A.ready准备好的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.responsible负责的；D.grateful感激的。根据下文的“whichincludeplanning,organizinganddecision-making”可知，这部分大脑负责计划、组织和决策等技能。故选C项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是为了获得成功，游戏必须不间断地玩到底。A.interruption中断；B.emotion情绪；C.appreciation赞赏；D.application应用。根据下文的“Playerscannotchecktheirphonesorleavethetableforasnack.”可知，游戏不能中断。故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的研究都证实了看屏幕时间过长会产生负面影响。A.complain抱怨；B.approve批准，认可；C.consist组成；D.warn警告。根据下文的“thenegativeeffectsoftoomuchscreentime”可知，各种各样的研究都证实了看屏幕时间过长会产生负面影响。故选B项。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在玩游戏时，每个人都会与其他人一起参与任务。A.paid已付款的；B.involved参与的；C.stuck卡住的；D.confused困惑的。根据下文的“inperson”可知，每个人都会与其他人一起参与任务。getinvolvedin“参与”是固定搭配。故选B项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：游戏对成年人也有好处。A.unique独特的；B.addictive使人上瘾的；C.incredible不可思议的；D.beneficial有益的。根据上一句“Playinggamesisnotjustforkids,either.”可知，游戏对成年人也有好处。故选D项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种活动可以触发让人感觉良好的化学物质的释放，让人感觉更快乐。A.release释放；B.reaction反应；C.record记录；D.risk风险。根据下文的“thefeel-goodchemicalsthatmakepeoplefeelhappier”可知，释放让人感觉良好的化学物质，让人感觉更快乐。故选A项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与家人和朋友玩游戏的社交互动也有助于预防压力和抑郁。A.curiosity好奇心；B.stress压力；C.homesickness想家；D.relief救济。根据并列的depression可知，此处应该用名词stress。故选B项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在玩游戏的过程中分享欢笑和乐趣，不仅可以改善人际关系，拉近人与人之间的距离，还可以改善大脑功能。A.attack攻击；B.wave波浪；C.function功能；D.structure结构。根据下文的“Whenpeopleengageingameslikechessorotherstrategygames,theirbrainsare

.”可知，玩游戏可以改善大脑的功能。故选C项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们参与国际象棋或其他策略游戏时，他们的大脑会受到挑战。A.scanned扫描；B.defeated击败；C.preserved保存；D.challenged挑战。根据常识可知，参与国际象棋或其他策略游戏时，人们的大脑会受到挑战。故选D项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：玩游戏休息一下也能提高你的工作效率。A.productivity生产力，生产率；B.participation参与；C.personality个性；D.proposal提案。根据上一句“Playinggamescanalsostimulatethemindandboostcreativity.

”可知，玩游戏也可以刺激思维，提高创造力，从而提高你的工作效率。故选A项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你玩完游戏的时候，你的大脑会放松下来，所以当你回去工作的时候它会更敏捷。A.morepassive更被动；B.heavier更重；C.moreobjective更客观；D.sharper更敏捷。根据上文的“yourbrainwillhaverelaxed”可知，大脑休息后会更敏捷。故选D项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是，游戏使人保持年轻。A.calm冷静的；B.flexible灵活的；C.young年轻的；D.passionate热情的。根据上一句“Wedon’tstopplayingbecausewegrowold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.”可知，游戏使人保持年轻。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ASuperSizeMeFastfood,otherwiseknownasjunkfood,isahugepassionforalargenumberofpeopleacrosstheWesternworld.Butwhatwouldhappenifyouatelotsofjunkfoodeveryday?Woulditseriouslydamageyourhealth?ThesewerethequestionswhichledMorganSpurlock,anindependentfilm-maker,todoanexperiment,whichhecameintoadocumentaryfilmentitledSuperSizeMe.ThemainbasisofhisexperimentwasthatSpurlockpromisedtoeatthreeMcDonald’smealsaday,everyday,foramonth.HecouldonlyeatfoodfromMcDonald’sandeverytimeanemployeeaskedifhewouldliketo‘supersize’themeal,hehadtoagree.‘Supersizing’referstothefactthatwiththistypeofmealyougetaconsiderablylargerportionofeverythingforonlyaverysmallpriceincrease.Beforehestarted,threedoctorscertifiedthatSpurlockweighedabout84kgandwasingoodhealth.AlthoughbothSpurlockandhisdoctorsknewhewouldputonabitofweight,andthatthisdietwasunhealthy,noneofthemwerequitepreparedforjusthowunhealthyitturnedouttobe.Thechangesinhisbodywerehorrifying.Inthefirstweek,heputon4.5kilosandbytheendofthethirtydayshehadgainednearly14kilos,bringinghistotalweightto98kg.Weightgainwasonlyoneofthenegativeeffects,however.Whenallthreedoctorssawtheseveredamagetohisliver,theyallrecommendedstoppingtheexperimentafter20days.Spurlockcontinuedtofollowthediet,however,becausehewantedtoshowpeoplewhatthiskindofdietcandotoyou.Watchingthefilm,youbegintorealizethatitcouldbeafast-forwardpictureofyourlife:in30daysyougotoseewhatcouldhappentoyouover20or30yearsofoverconsumption.Junkfoodisexactlywhatitsaysitis--junk.Spurlocksays,‘I’dlovepeopletowalkoutofthemovieandsay,“NexttimeI’mnotgoingto‘supersize’.MaybeI’mnotgoingtohaveanyjunkfoodatall.I’mgoingtositdownandeatdinnerwithmykids,withtheTVoff,sothatwecaneathealthyfood,talkaboutwhatwe’reeatingandhavearelationshipwitheachother.”’Foodforthoughtindeed.36.Intheone-monthexperiment,Spurlock______.A.atethreeMcDonald’smealseveryday B.couldchooseto“supersize”hismealC.gotextra-largemealsatalowerprice D.pretendedtoeatforbettervisualeffect37.Howdoweknowthat“Thechangesinhisbodywerehorrifying”?A.Hegainedonesixthofhisbodyweightinoneweek.B.Doctorssuggestedhimstoppingtheexperimenthalfway.C.Hefast-forwardedthevideopastthemedicalexamination.D.Heturnedouttobe20or30yearsolderthanpeopleofhisage.38.Spurlockmadeadocumentaryfilm,aimingtotellpeoplethat______.A.humannatureoftendrivesustodesiremoreB.howweeatisfarmoreimportantthanwhatweeatC.overconsumptionforashorttimedoeslittleharmtothebodyD.ifweeattoomuchjunkfood,weourselveswillbesupersized〖答案〗36.A37.A38.D【语篇解读】本文的体裁是说明文。文章讲述了独立电影制作人摩根·斯珀洛克为了探索每天大量食用垃圾食品对人体健康的影响，进行了一个实验，并将此实验过程记录在名为《超级大小我》的纪录片中。【36题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThemainbasisofhisexperimentwasthatSpurlockpromisedtoeatthreeMcDonald’smealsaday,everyday,foramonth(他的实验基础是承诺每天三餐都吃麦当劳，连续一个月)”可知，在为期一个月的实验中，斯珀洛克每天吃三顿麦当劳餐，故选A项。【37题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inthefirstweek,heputon4.5kilosandbytheendofthethirtydayshehadgainednearly14kilos,bringinghistotalweightto98kg(第一周他就增重了4.5公斤，到了三十天结束时，他增加了近14公斤，总重达到了98公斤)”，可知斯珀洛克的体重由84公斤增加到了98公斤，共增加了14公斤，也就是增加了他的体重的六分之一，故选A项。【38题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Butwhatwouldhappenifyouatelotsofjunkfoodeveryday?Woulditseriouslydamageyourhealth?ThesewerethequestionswhichledMorganSpurlock,anindependentfilm-maker,todoanexperiment,whichhecameintoadocumentaryfilmentitledSuperSizeMe.(但如果每天都吃大量的垃圾食品会发生什么呢？这会严重损害你的健康吗？这些问题促使独立电影制作人摩根·斯珀洛克进行了一个实验，他将这个实验拍成了一部名为《超级大小我》的纪录片)”、倒数第二段“Spurlockcontinuedtofollowthediet,however,becausehewantedtoshowpeoplewhatthiskindofdietcandotoyou(然而，斯珀洛克继续遵循这种饮食，因为他想向人们展示这种饮食对你的影响)”以及最后一段“Junkfoodisexactlywhatitsaysitis--junk.Spurlocksays,‘I’dlovepeopletowalkoutofthemovieandsay,“NexttimeI’mnotgoingto‘supersize’(垃圾食品正如其名——垃圾。斯珀洛克说：“我希望人们看完电影后会说，‘下次我不会选择加大份量’”)”可以推断出，斯珀洛克制作纪录片的目的是向人们展示快餐或垃圾食品对健康的危害，尤其是当这种饮食变成过量消费时。因此，选项D“ifweeattoomuchjunkfood,weourselveswillbesupersized(如果我们吃太多垃圾食品，我们自己也会被'加大份量')”最符合文中描述的斯珀洛克的意图，故选D项。BOurgoalistobringasimpleandeffectivesolutiontothespreadofharmfulbacteriaandvirusesbothinhomeandhospitalsFocusingonwhatmattersmostWhilehand-heldcommunicationdevicesareIncreasinglybeingusedtohelpfosterbetterprocessesandoutcomes,theybringwiththemtheunintendedconsequencesofincreasedriskofpathogentransmissionwhennotproperlydisinfected.Shared-usedevicesarefrequentlytouchedandcarriedfromroomtoroom,patienttopatient-likeathirdhandyouneverwas?WehopetobepartofhelpingsolvethisproblemwiththeintroductionofPhoneSoapExpressPro.ThecompleteinfectionpreventionsolutionformobiledevicesAccordingtoastudyconductedbytheUniversityofTennesseeHealthScienceCenter,thePhoneSoapExpressPro,arapid360degreeUVdisinfectiondeviceforcellphones,tablets,andotherhard-to-cleanhand-helditems.resultedina99.99%reductionofSARS-CoV-2duringthe30-secondcycletime.A30-secondcycleinPhoneSoapExpressProkills99.99%ofallharmfulvirusesandbacteriaonyourphone.Stayhappyandhealthybysanitizingyourphonealongwithyourhands,asthetwoareinseparablyconnected.Save10%withcodeREADERS10atphonesoap.comItonlytakeslikingoneInstagrampost,answeringaphonecall,orsendingasingletweettotransferallthebacteriayou’vetouchedstraighttoyourphone.It’sthethirdhandyouneverwash,andwhenitisn’tsanitizedregularlythesegermscanmakeyousick.Operationissafeandeasy39.PhoneSoapExpressProisadevicethat______.A.cancleanbothourhandsandhand-helditemsB.usessoapandwatertokillharmfulbacteriaandvirusesC.iscommonlyusedinhospitalstocontrolinfectionaftersurgeryD.takes30secondstoreducealmostallthevirusesonmobiledevices40.Theunderlinedword“sanitized”isclosestinmeaningto______.A.transferred B.connected C.disinfected D.updated41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaboutthePhoneSoapExprssPro?A.Itwillopenautomaticallywhenthecellphoneiscleaned.B.Thereisnoevidencethatithastheeffectofpreventinginfection.C.Usersneedn’tturnovertheircellphonestogeteverysidecleaned.D.Customerscangeta10%discountiftheybuyitonlinewithacode.〖答案〗39.D40.C41.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对PhoneSoapExpressPro这一产品进行了宣传和介绍。【39题详析】细节理解题。根据“Thecompleteinfectionpreventionsolutionformobiledevices(移动设备的全面防感染解决方案)”部分的“A30-secondcycleinPhoneSoapExpressProkills99.99%ofallharmfulvirusesandbacteriaonyourphone(PhoneSoapExpressPro的30秒周期可以杀死手机上99.99%的所有有害病毒和细菌。)”可知，PhoneSoapExpressPro是一个能在30秒内减少几乎所有的病毒的移动设备，故选D项。【40题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“thesegermscanmakeyousick(这些病毒会让你生病)”可知，下文说的是病毒会使人生病，可推理出划线词的含义为“消毒”，故选C项。【41题详析】细节理解题。根据“Thecompleteinfectionpreventionsolutionformobiledevices(移动设备的全面防感染解决方案)”部分的“A30-secondcycleinPhoneSoapExpressProkills99.99%ofallharmfulvirusesandbacteriaonyourphone(PhoneSoapExpressPro的30秒周期可以杀死手机上99.99%的所有有害病毒和细菌。)”可知，PhoneSoapExpressPro是一个能在30秒内减少几乎所有的病毒的移动设备，与B项“Thereisnoevidencethatithastheeffectofpreventinginfection(没有证据表明它具有预防感染的效果。)”表达的含义相反，故选B项。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.HowtoStartYourPodcastDoyouhaveafavoritepodcast?Thatcanbeadifficultquestiontoanswerforsomeastherearesomanyoptions.Thatisbecausetheworldisfullofinterestingtopicsandthoughtsaboutthem.____42____Apodcastisaseriesofaudioepisodesthatcoveraparticularsubject.Thefirststeptocreatingapodcastistofindyourtopic.Itisbelievedthatthebesttopicsareonesaboutwhichyouknowalotandlove.Anotherimportantstepistomakesureyouhavetherightequipment.Whilepodcastequipmentcanbecomplexandexpensive,itdoesn’thavetobe.___43___Youcanrecordallofyouraudioonyourphone.Thenwithyourcomputer—andtherightsoftware—youcanmixtheaudio.Thisistheprocessofputtingyouraudiotogetherintooneperfectsoundingfile.Afteryouhaveyourtopicandequipment,you’llwanttochooseyourformat(形式，格式).____44____Yourpodcastcouldalsoincludemorethanoneoftheseoptions.Onceyou’vedecided,youcanstartdraftingyourepisodes.However,whateverformatorformatsyouchoose,maintainthesamestructureforeachepisode.Thenextstepistofindaquietplaceanddoyourrecording.Whenyou’vecompletedyourrecordingandaudiomixing,you’llneedtofindaplatformforyourpodcast.Luckilythereareplentyoffreeandpaidplatformoptionsonwhichtouploadyourpodcast.Beforeuploading,makesureyouhaveaninterestingtitleandgoodtagsforyourshow.____45____Youwanttogetthewordoutaboutyourpodcasttogrowyouraudience.Yourpodcastjustmightbecomesomeone’snewfavorite.A.Foryourfirstpodcast,youcansimplyrelyonyourphoneandcomputer.B.Nooneisgoingtomakegoodcontentjustbyopeningtheirmouth.C.Yourpodcastcouldbeonepersonspeaking,twopersonsconversing,ormanypeopleofferingtheiropinions.D.Goodpodcastsconnectbecausethey’refocusedonatopicandbecausetheirhostsareabletodeliveravoiceandperspectivethatisunique.E.Ifyoufeelyouhavesomethingengagingandvaluabletoshare,startapodcast.F.Besuretopostaboutyourshowonsocialmediaandgetyourpodcastlistedinapodcastdirectory.〖答案〗42.E43.A44.C45.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要指导读者如何开始制作自己的播客。【42题详析】根据上文“Thatisbecausetheworldisfullofinterestingtopicsandthoughtsaboutthem.(那是因为这个世界充满了有趣的话题和关于它们的想法)”可知，此处上下文说的是有趣的话题和想法可以在播客上分享，与E项“Ifyoufeelyouhavesomethingengagingandvaluabletoshare,startapodcast(如果你觉得自己有吸引人且有价值的内容想要分享，那就开始制作播客吧)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。【43题详析】根据上文“Whilepodcastequipmentcanbecomplexandexpensive,itdoesn’thavetobe.(虽然播客设备可能既复杂又昂贵，但它并非必须如此)”以及下文“Youcanrecordallofyouraudioonyourphone.(你可以使用手机录制所有的音频)”可知，此处上下文说的是播客设备不必复杂和昂贵，只要用手机就可以，与A项“Foryourfirstpodcast,youcansimplyrelyonyourphoneandcomputer.(对于你的第一档播客，你只要依靠你的手机和电脑)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。【44题详析】根据上文“Afteryouhaveyourtopicandequipment,you’llwanttochooseyourformat(形式，格式).(在你确定了话题和设备之后，你会想选择你的格式)”可知，此处上下文说的是播客的形式，与C项“Yourpodcastcouldbeonepersonspeaking,twopersonsconversing,ormanypeopleofferingtheiropinions.(你的播客可以是一个人在讲话，两个人在对话，或者许多人在提供他们的观点)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【45题详析】根据上文“Whenyou’vecompletedyourrecordingandaudiomixing,you’llneedtofindaplatformforyourpodcast.Luckilythereareplentyoffreeandpaidplatformoptionsonwhichtouploadyourpodcast.Beforeuploading,makesureyouhaveaninterestingtitleandgoodtagsforyourshow.(当你完成了录音和音频混音后，你需要为你的播客找到一个平台。幸运的是，有很多免费和付费的平台选项可以上传你的播客。在上传之前，确保你有一个有趣的标题和适合你节目的好标签)”可知，此处上下文说的是要找到能播放你的播客内容的平台并为播放做好准备，确保你的内容能够被看到，与F项“Besuretopostaboutyourshowonsocialmediaandgetyourpodcastlistedinapodcastdirectory.(确保在社交媒体上发布有关你节目的信息，并将你的播客列入播客目录)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。IV.Translation(3%+3%+4%+5%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.46.由于在地震中严重受损，这座老房子需要修葺一番。(Having)(汉译英)_______________________________________________________________________________〖答案〗Havingbeenseverelydamagedintheearthquake,theoldhouseneedstoberepaired.【详析】考查非谓语动词和时态。主语为“这座老房子”theoldhouse；表示“需要”短语为needtodosth.；表示“修葺”应用动词repair，且与house构成被动关系，应用tobedone形式。描述事实，为一般现在时。表示“在地震中严重受损”应用severelydamageintheearthquake，此处与主语house构成被动关系，动词damage的动作发生在谓语动词need之前，应用havingbeendone形式作状语。故翻译为Havingbeenseverelydamagedintheearthquake,theoldhouseneedstoberepaired.47.尽管遭受挫折，怀揣梦想的人是不可能被击败的。(unlikely)(汉译英)____________________________________