Unit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious!知识梳理人教版英语九年级全册

Unit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious!短语归纳____________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 6.有点；一点儿__________________7.去……度假___________________ ____________________（体重）；发胖___________________ ____________________11.与……相像的、类似的____________ 12.冲走；洗掉____________________13.以……的形状 _________________ _________________ ____________________ 16.飞向……____________________ ____________________ 18.摆开；布置____________________ 19.和……分享/分担……_______________ 20.结果；因此____________________ 21.一个……另一个……________________ ________________（成……) ____________________ 24.想起；认为；考虑_________________________________ ____________________ ____________________ 28.关心；在意____________________ __________________ 30.最终成为；最后处于___________31.把某人带回到……_________________ ________________________________________ 34.找出；查明____________________ 35.需要帮助；处于困境中___________ ______________37.……的开始___________________ 38.不但…而且…____________________39.在……和……之间___________________ ____________________41.产生；生育____________________SectionA1.ButIguessitwasalittletoocrowded.但我认为它有点儿太拥挤了。crowded〔形容词〕人多的；拥挤的；挤满的反义词uncrowded意为"不拥挤的；人少的"。becrowdedwith...挤满……Theshopnearmyhomeisalwayscrowdedwithpeople.助记crowd(v.挤满）+ed（形容词后缀）→crowded（adj.拥挤的）+un（否定前缀）→uncrowded（adj.不拥挤的）2.Billthinksthattheraceswerenotthatinterestingtowatch.比尔认为那些比赛观看起来并不那么有趣。that本句中有两个that,但它们的用法不同。第一个that为连词，引导宾语从句，作动词thinks的宾语，在句中不作任何成分，可以省略。第二个that是副词，意为“那么；那样”。常用于口语中，表示程度。Ithink(that)theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantinChina.LookattheKoalasagainandtheyarenotthatugly.3.Billwonderswhetherthey'llhavezongziagainnextyear.比尔想知道明年他们是否还会吃粽子。1)wonder〔动词〕想知道相当于wanttoknow。wonder的用法如下：a.后接who,what,why等连接词引导的宾语从句或"疑问词+动词不定式结构。Iwonderwhatisthesecrettogrammarlearning.Theboywondershowtoincreasehisreadingspeed.b.后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。Iwonderifyoucanhelpmewithmyphysics.②〔名词〕奇迹；奇观WhataretheSevenWondersoftheWorld?2)whether〔连词〕①是否用于表示选择或对某事不确定。有时可用if代替。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhepaidattentiontowhatIsaid.②不管，不论用于表示无论出现什么情况，某事肯定发生或不发生。Whetheryouhelpmeornot,Icanfinishtheworkontime.练习—I'mnotsure_________mysuggestionishelpfultoyou.—Itcertainlyis.Everylittlebithelps.A.why B.how C.whether D.where4.BillandMarybelievethatthey'llbebacknextyeartowatchtheraces.比尔和玛丽相信明年他们将会回来看比赛。believe〔动词〕相信；认为有可能常用结构有：Webelieveyourability.Idon'tbelieveyou.②believe+that从句相信……Ibelievethatknowledgeesfromquestioning.③believesb.tobe...相信某人是/成为……Ibelieveyoutobeagoodpartner.拓展当believe用于一般现在时且主语为第一人称时，若后跟否定意义的宾语从句，则应否定主句，而否定的意义留在从句，即"I/Wedon'tbelieve+肯定的宾语从句."Idon'tbelieveheisactiveenoughinclass.5.WuMingandHarryarecousins/strangers/friends.吴明和哈里是表兄弟/陌生人/朋友。stranger〔可数名词〕①陌生人Nevertellastrangerwhereyouliveoryourphonenumber.②异乡人；外地人；新来者—Canyoutellmewherethebusstationis?—Sorry,I'mastrangerhere.拓展strange〔形容词〕奇怪的；陌生的astrangenoise一阵奇怪的声响6.WuMingvisitedhisrelatives/friends/classmates.吴明看望了他的亲戚/朋友/同学。relative①〔可数名词〕亲属；亲戚同义词为relationaclose/distantrelative一位近/远亲Afaroffrelativeisnotashelpfulasanearneighbor.②〔形容词〕相比较而言的；相对的；相关联的Youmaythinkyou'repoor,butit'sallrelative.7.I’veputonfivepounds!我胖了5磅！1)puton①增加（体重）；发胖常与weight或具体的数值搭配使用。putonsixpounds增重六磅Shecaneatwhatshewantsbutsheneverputsonweight.②穿上；戴上Mymotherputonhercoatandwentout.③上演；举办Onesummerourchildrenputonaplay.练习天冷时，请穿上暖和的衣服。（完成译句）Please__________________warmclotheswhenit'scold.2)pound〔可数名词〕①磅是重量单位。Theapplescostonedollarapound.②英镑是英国标准货币单位，1英镑等于100便士。Theyspentathousandpounds.8.I'mgoingtoChiangMaiintwoweeks.两周后我打算去清迈。辨析：“in+时间段",“after+时间段”与"for+时间段"in+时间段以现在为起点的一段时间之后，常与将来时连用用howsoon提问after+时间段以过去为起点的一段时间之后，常与一般过去时连用用when提问for+时间段表示动作或状态持续一段时间用howlong提问Wewillputonthenewplayinamonth.Hecamebackafteraweek.—HowlongareyoustayinginHongKong?—Fortwoweeks.9.Iwonderifit'ssimilartotheWaterFestivaloftheDaipeopleinYunnanProvince.我想知道它是否和云南省傣族的泼水节相似。besimilarto与……相像的、类似的其中similar为形容词，意为“相像的；类似的”，无比较等级。besimilarin在……方面相似Herideasarequitesimilartomine.Catsandtigershavesimilarfeatures.Thetwohousesaresimilarinsize.考点向导常在“单项填空”题中考查短语besimilarto中的介词to10.Peoplegoonthestreetstothrowwaterateachother.人们走上街头互相泼水。throw...at...把……抛/洒向……动词throw(threw,thrown）意为“扔；掷”，后接所投掷的物体，用介词at引出泼洒抛向的对象。Pleasedon'tthrowastoneatthewindow.拓展与throw相关的常见短语还有：throwaway扔掉 11.Thenyou'llhavegoodluckinthenewyear.然后，在新的一年里你将会有好运。luck〔不可数名词〕幸运；运气(have)goodluck（有）好运气badluck坏运气，倒霉Shewishedmegoodluckintheexam.Goodlucktoyou!助记12.ChinesepeoplehavebeencelebratingtheMidAutumnFestivalandenjoyingmooncakesforcenturies.数个世纪以来，中国人一直在庆祝中秋节、吃月饼。现在完成进行时havebeencelebrating是现在完成进行时结构。现在完成进行时表示过去某一时间发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能一直持续下去，强调动作持续进行的状态，其结构为“have/hasbeen+动词的现在分词”常和“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。Wehavebeenlearningchemistryforamonth.Hehasbeenreviewinghisnotessince10minutesago.13.MooncakesareintheshapeofafullmoonontheMidAutumnnight.月饼呈中秋之夜满月的形状。intheshapeof呈……的形状其中shape用作名词，意为“形状，外形”。outofshape变形的，走样的takeshape成形，有了模样Thepoolisintheshapeofaheart.Whatshapeisthattable?14.However,mostpeoplethinkthatthestoryofChang'eisthemosttouching.然而，大多数人认为嫦娥的故事是最感人的。1）辨析：however与but两者都有转折的含义，但用法不同。however副词不过；然而可位于句首、句中（前后使用逗号）、句末（其前用逗号）；当位于两句之间时，其前常用分号，或另起新句but连词但是常位于句中，其后无逗号Hewasill.However,hestillwenttowork.MaybeyouarerightbutIdon'tbelieveyou.2)touching〔形容词〕动人的；感人的；令人同情的其比较级和最高级形式是分别在其前加more和mostThisisthemosttouchingstoryIhaveeverheard.助记touch(v.感动）+ing（形容词后缀）→touching(adj.感人的）15.AfterHouYishotdowntheninesuns,agoddessgavehimmagicmedicinetothankhim.在后羿射下9个太阳之后，一位女神送给他仙药作为酬谢。1)shootdown射下；击落 动副短语Theboydidn'tshootdownthebird,butTomshotitdown.拓展shoot(shot,shot)〔动词〕射击；发射shootat朝……射击Heshotatawildduck.2)givesb.sth.给某人某物；把某物给某人相当于givesth.tosb.。当give后跟双宾语（人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语）时，既可把间接宾语放在前面，直接宾语放在后面，也可把直接宾语放在前面，间接宾语放在后面，但这时直接宾语和间接宾语之间要用介词to连接。HegavehisrelativessomemooncakesonMidAutumnDay.间接宾语直接宾语=HegavesomemooncakestohisrelativesonMidAutumnDay.直接宾语间接宾语注意当直接宾语和间接宾语都是人称代词时，只能用givesth.tosb.结构，即直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，不能把间接宾语放在直接宾语之前。请把它给我。Pleasegiveittome.（正）Pleasegivemeit.（误）16.Whoevertookthiscouldliveforever,andHouYiplannedtotakeitwithChang'e.无论谁服下此药都会长生不老，后羿打算和嫦娥一起服用。1)whoever〔代词〕无论谁；不管什么人①引导主语从句，相当于anyonewho。Whoevereswillbewele.②引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho。Whoeveryouare,Iwon’ttellyouthesecret.2)plantodosth.计划/打算做某事此处plan用作动词，意为“计划，打算”。Mr.Brownplanstogofishingafterwork.拓展plan〔名词〕计划，打算makeaplan(for...)（为……）制订计划Imadeaplanfortheingvacation.Hemadeaplantobuildanewhouse.练习Thevillagersplan_________anewbridgeovertheriver.A.build B.building C.tobuild D.built17.However,abadman,PangMeng,triedtostealthemedicinewhenHouYiwasnothome.然而，歹人逢蒙企图趁后羿不在家时偷此仙药。steal(stole,stolen)〔动词〕偷；窃取stealsth.from...从……偷某物Thethiefhasstolensomeofmythingsinsteadofallmythings.Hestolesomeflowersfromourgarden.18.Chang'erefusedtogiveittohimandtookitall.嫦娥拒绝把仙药给他，便将它全部服下。refuse〔动词〕拒绝其后常接名词、代词、动词不定式作宾语。Irefusedhisinvitation.Iaskedhimforhelp,butherefusedme.Iaskedhimtoleavebutherefused.Theyrefusedtoletmego.练习根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词的适当形式。Mikeinvitedmetohisbirthdayparty,butIr_________politelyatoncebecauseIwaspreparingforanexam.19.HouYiwassosadthathecalledouthernametothemooneverynight.后羿悲痛不已，以至于每晚都对着月亮大声呼喊她的名字。callout大声呼喊Iheardsomeonecallingoutforhelp.拓展有关call的常见短语还有：callup打给……；征召 callback回 callin召回，叫来20.Hequicklylaidoutherfavoritefruitsanddessertsinthegarden.他飞快地在花园里摆出她最喜欢的水果和点心。1)layout摆开；布置Themanlaidouttheplatesonthetable.2)lay(laid,laid,laying)〔动词〕①放置；安放Jimlaidsomelanternsinthehall.②产（卵）；下（蛋）Thehenslayeggseveryday.注意lay还是动词lie（躺）的过去式3)dessert〔名词〕（饭后）甜点；甜食指用餐时的最后一道菜，如蛋糕、冰激凌等。Shemadeherguestsveryhappywhensheservedsuchdesserts.4)garden〔可数名词〕花园；园子inthegarden在花园Diana,takeAnneoutintothegardenandshowheryourflowers.Thereareallkindsofflowersinthegarden.21.HowhewishedthatChang'ecouldeback!他是多么希望嫦娥能回来呀！辨析：wish与hopewishhope表示某种强烈的“愿望”，常难以实现表示可以实现或能达成的希望wishtodosth.“希望做某事”hopetodosth.“希望做某事”wishsb.todosth.“希望某人做某事”wish+that从句“希望……”从句常用虚拟语气hope+that从句“希望………”wish+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词或名词），祝愿某人/某物......Iwishtobefamousovernight.Themotherwishesherbabytoputonsomeweight.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.Iwishyouhappy.Iwishyouapleasantjourney.Wehopetoseeyouagain.Theyhope(that)theycanhaveabighousewithagarden.拓展wish〔可数名词〕祝愿Bestwishestoyou!22.Afterthis,peoplestartedthetraditionofadmiringthemoonandsharingmooncakeswiththeirfamilies.此后，人们便开始了与家人一同赏月和分享月饼的传统习俗1)tradition〔名词〕传统；惯例形容词traditional意为“传统的，惯例的”。thetraditionof...……的传统Inthisweekend'sstorytellingtime,you'llhearplentyofstoriesaboutChinesetraditions.ItissaidthatAmericansstartedthetraditionofeatinghotdogsatbaseballparksin1893.ShemakesmeallkindsoftraditionalChinesedishes.练习—InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—That'sinteresting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese_________.A.traditions B.sentences C.notices D.problem:2)admire〔及物动词〕欣赏；仰慕admiresb.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事而钦佩某人Headmiresyourideaverymuch.WeadmireMissGreenforherknowledge.23.Asaresult,Chang'ebecamelightandflewuptothesky.结果，嫦娥变得很轻盈，飞上了天。asaresult结果；因此单独使用，后面一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。Asaresult,hewassentawayfromschool.Hestolesomemoney.Asaresult,hewaspunished.拓展asaresultof...因为……；由于……相当于becauseof。Shewaslateasaresultoftheheavysnow.24.DoyouknowthattherearetwospecialdaysforparentsinAmerica?你知道在美国有两个为父母而设的特殊日子吗？1)Thereis/are...有……表示存在关系。therebe句型中be动词要和句中作主语的名词的数保持一致。Thereisabookonthedesk.Therearesomeboysoverthere.拓展①therebe句型的一个重要用法是“就近一致”原则，即be动词和最靠近它的作主语的名词在数上保持一致。Thereissomedessertandvegetablesonthetable.Therearesomevegetablesanddessertonthetable.②therebe与have/has的区别：前者表示“某地/某时存在某物”；后者表示“拥有”。二者有时可以进行转换。Therearetwentyclassesinourschool.=Ourschoolhastwentyclasses.③therebe的一般将来时形式为therewillbe或thereis/aregoingtobe。Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon.练习There_________morethanwaystosolvethismathsproblem. C.are 2)special①〔形容词〕特别的；特殊的Theycareaboutyoubecauseyouarespecialtothem.②〔名词〕特色菜，特价品Special11号特色菜Wehavesomegreatspecialstoday.拓展specially〔副词〕专门地；特意多指出于某一特别的目的而做某事，主要用来修饰动词。Hecleanedupthegardenspecially.25.mongiftsareflowersandcardsformothersandshirtsortiesforfathers.常见的礼物有为母亲准备的花和卡片以及为父亲准备的衬衣或领带。tie①〔可数名词〕领带Heworearedtie.Shewantstochooseasuitandtieforherhusband.②〔动词〕捆；束现在分词形式为tyingtie...to...把…捆到…上Shetiedtheparcelwithastrongstring.Theytiedthebadmantoatree.26.IheardthatitisbeingmoreandmorepopulartocelebrateMother'sDayandFather'sDayinChina.我听说在中国庆祝母亲节和父亲节正变得越来越流行。moreandmorepopular越来越流行“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示程度的增加。多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词的比较级在其前加more，此类形容词或副词应用“moreandmore+原级”表示“越来越……”。Springisinganditisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Beijingisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.练习—I'mproudofEzhou,ourhomeland.—SoamI.Itisbeing_________.A.moreandmorebeautifully B.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautifullyandbeautifully27.Actually,wedon'thavetospendalotofmoney.事实上，我们不必花费很多钱。1)actually〔副词〕事实上；实际上常用于强调情况的真实性，往往是在出人意料或跟刚刚所说的话形成对照的情况下使用。Shelooksyoung,butshe'sactually60.助记actual(adj.实际的；现实的）+ly（副词后缀）→actually(adv.事实上，实际上）练习—AreyourgrandparentsbothAmericans？—No，_________mygrandfatherisanAmericanandmygrandmotherisaChinese.A.Recently B.Finally C.Actually2）辨析：haveto与must两者都有"必须"之意，后都接动词原形但用法有别。haveto必须；不得不表示因客观因素而导致主语不得不做某事，有人称、数和时态的变化don't/doesn'thaveto表示“不必”，相当于needn'tmust必须；一定表示说话人主观上的看法，只有一种形式mustn't表示“禁止”Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.=Youneedn'ttellhimaboutit.Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.28.Itisalsoagoodideatohelpparentstodosomethinginstead.相反，帮父母做点儿事也是个好主意。Itis+名词+todosth.做某事是……其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。Soitisagoodideatotakeabreakevery15minuteswhenyouareworkingataputerorusingasmartphone.SectionB1.dressup装扮dressup装扮；乔装打扮dressupas...装扮成…;打扮成…(as后面接表示角色、职业等的名词）dressupin...穿着……衣服（in后面接表示服装或颜色的名词）Childrenlovedressingup.Somepeopledressedupasclownsatthecostumeparty.ChildrendressupincostumesonHalloween.2.WhatdoesWuYuthinkofthisfestival?吴宇认为这个节日怎么样？1)Whatdo/does/didsb.thinkof...?某人认为……怎么样？相当于“Howdo/does/didsb.like/feelabout…?”，是用来询问某人对某事（物）或某人看法的常用句型。Whatdoyouthinkofhispronunciation?=Howdoyoulike/feelabouthispronunciation?2)thinkof想起；认为；考虑其中of为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。Ican'tthinkoftheboy'sname.Heisthinkingofinvitinghisrelativestohisparty.拓展thinkback回想起，追忆 thinkhighlyof高度评价 thinkup想出，构思出3.Manypeoplemaketheirhouseslookscary.许多人使他们的房子看起来很吓人。1)make〔使役动词〕使，让常见的使役动词还有have,let等。make的常见用法有：①makesb./sth.do...让某人/某物做……Mymothermademelayoutthetable.②makesb./sth.+形容词使某人/某物……Exercisecanmakeyourbrainmoreactive.③makesb.+名词使某人成为……WemadeLiLinourmonitor.练习Turntheworldintoabigfamily,andwe'llmakepeople'swish,________trueearlier.A.es B.wille C.e D.toe2)look〔连系动词〕看起来后接形容词作表语。Thatspiderlooksugly.4.“Trickortreat”meanskidswillplayatrickonyouifyoudon'tgivethematreat.“trickortreat（不招待就捣乱）”意思是如果你不招待他们，孩子们就会对你搞恶作剧。1)treat①〔名词〕款待；招待Let'sgooutforlunch—mytreat.②〔动词〕招待；请（客）treatsb.tosth.请某人吃某物，用某物待某人Letmetreatyoutosomeicecream.③〔动词〕把……看作；治疗...把某人/某物看作……Ourteacherstreatusastheirownchildren.Itwasdifficulttotreatpatientsbecauseofashortageofmedicine.2)mean〔及物动词〕①意思是表示一个人的言论或行为、某一标志或词语的意思所指，其后常接名词或宾语从句。Whatdoyoumean?Youmeanthatyoucan'tetomorrow.拓展meaning〔名词〕意义，意思themeaningof...的意思Themeaningofherwordsisclear.注意Whatdo/does.meanby...?=Whatdo/does.mean?=What'sthemeaningof?意为“……是什么意思？”Whatdoyoumeanby“岛”,please?=Whatdoes“岛”mean,please?=What'sthemeaningof“岛”,please?请问“岛”是什么意思？②意味着Mynewjobwillmeantravellingallovertheworld.③意欲；打算Ididn'tmeantoupsetyou.3)playtricks/atrickonsb.戏弄某人，开某人的玩笑与playajokeonsb.同义。Sometimes,thekidsplaytricksontheirteachers.5.ButbehindallthesethingsliesthetruemeaningofChristmas:theimportanceofsharingandgivingloveandjoytopeoplearoundus.但在这一切背后存在着圣诞节的真谛：分享并给予我们周围的人爱和欢乐的重要性。1)lie①〔不及物动词〕(lay,lain,lying)存在；处于；平躺HainanIslandliesinthesouthofChina.You’retired.Pleaseliedownandhaveagoodrest.②〔不及物动词〕(lied,lied,lying)说谎Don'tlieagain,orwewon'tbelieveyouanylonger.③〔名词〕谎言，谎话tellalie说谎Iknowtheboyistellingalie.练习根据下面句子所给汉语注释，写出空缺处单词的正确形式。SuzhouMuseum___________（位于）tothenorthoftheLionForestGarden.2)theimportanceof...的重要性其中importance为不可数名词，意为“重要性；重要”，其形容词形式为important,意为“重要的”。YoumustunderstandtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.3)share〔动词〕分享；共享；共用；分摊常与with,between,among等词连用。Isharedmylunchwithher.Theyshareasmallroombetweenthem.6.AChristmasCarolisafamousshortnovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.《圣诞欢歌》是查尔斯·狄更斯写的一本著名的短篇小说。writtenbyCharlesDickens由查尔斯·狄更斯写的 为过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面的afamousshortnovel，相当于定语从句which/thatwaswrittenbyCharlesDickens。过去分词（短语）作后置定语表示被动。HelikesthenovelswrittenbyMoYan.考点向导常在“单项填空"题和“用所给词的适当形式填空”题中考查过去分词作后置定语表示被动的用法。7.Heismeanandonlythinksabouthimself.他十分吝啬，只想着自己。mean〔形容词〕吝啬的；小气的；刻薄的Sheismeanwithmoney.Don'tbesomeantoher!8.HejustcaresaboutwhetherhecanmakemoremoneyandhehatesChristmas.他只关心能否赚到更多的钱财，而且他讨厌圣诞节。1)careabout关心；在意Kidsshouldlearntounderstandandcareaboutparents.拓展carefor照顾；非常喜欢Shemovedbackhometocareforherelderlyparents.练习ThisyearmarksEarthDay's50thbirthday.Itwascreatedtoremindpeopleto___________theearth—thehometoallthelivingthings.A.talkaboutB.careaboutC.hearabout2)hate〔动词〕讨厌；憎恨；厌恶不能用于进行时，与love/like相对，相当于dislike。常用结构有：①hatesb./sth.讨厌某人/某物Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Paulhatestobelateforwork.9.OneChristmasEve,ScroogeseestheghostofJacobMarley,hisdeadbusinesspartner.一个圣诞节前夕，斯克鲁奇看到了他死去的生意伙伴雅各布·马利的鬼魂。1)dead〔形容词〕死的；失去生命的在句中可作定语或表语。其动词die意为“消失，灭亡，死亡”，其名词death意为“死亡”。HewaswatchinghisdeadcatwhenIcamein.I'mafraidheisdead.2)辨析：dead与dying两者都是形容词，都与“死”有关，但用法不同。dead死的，失去生命的表示死亡的状态，可在be动词后作表语，也可在名词前作定语，可与一段时间连用，表示死亡多长时间dying临终的，临死的；垂死的常在名词前作定语Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforayear.I'llrememberherdyingwordsforever.注意die是非延续性动词，不可与时间段连用，若和时间段连用要用bedead。3)business〔不可数名词〕①商业；生意dobusiness(withsb.)（和某人）做生意I'mhappytodobusinesswithyou.②商务；公事onbusiness出差HehasgonetoShanghaionbusiness.拓展businessman〔名词〕商人；生意人Myuncleusedtobeabusinessman,butnowheisaworker.10.MarleyusedtobejustlikeScrooge,sohewaspunishedafterhedied.马利过去就像斯克鲁奇一样，所以在死后他受到了惩罚。1）一般过去时的被动语态句中waspunished为一般过去时的被动语态，该被动语态的结构为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。Theteachingbuildingwasbuiltlastyear.2)punish〔及物动词〕处罚；惩罚punishsb.for(doing)sth因（做）某事而惩罚某人It'sunfairtopunishthewholeclassfortheactionsofoneortwostudents.拓展punishment〔名词〕处罚；受罚punishable〔形容词〕可依法惩处的；应惩处的11.HewarnsScroogetochangehiswaysifhedoesn'twanttoenduplikehim.他告诫斯克鲁奇，如果不想最终像他一样，他就要改变他的行事方式。1)warn〔动词〕警告；告诫常用结构有：①warnsb.(not)todosth告诫某人（不要）做某事Theteacherwarnedhimtopayattentiontohislearninghabits.②warnsb.about/ofsth.提醒某人注意某事Asmokealarmwarnsyouofthedanger.③warnsb.against(doing)Myparentswarnmeagainstplayingtricksonothers.2)endup最终成为；最后处于其后可接介词短语、动词ing形式等。endupwith以……结束 endupas最终成为……enduplike...最后像……一样 WestartedforShanghaibutweendedupinasmalltown.Wedidn'tlikeitatfirst,butweendedupcheering.Thestoryendsupwithahappyending.Shewantedtobeadoctor,butendedupasanengineer.练习—Whyareyoulatefordinner,Jim?—AtfirstIwantedtotakeataxi,butI____walkingherebecauseoftheheavytraffic.A.endedupB.tookupC.gaveup12.HealsotellsScroogetoexpectthreespiritstovisithim.他还告诉斯克鲁奇将有三个（圣诞）精灵来拜访他。expect〔动词〕预料；期待主要用法如下：①expectsb.todosth.期望/预料某人做某事Iexpectmymothertoebackearly.②expecttodosth.期望/预料做某事Mybrotherexpectstobeagoodperformer.③expect+名词/代词期待某事（物）/某人I'mexpectingLiLin'sletter.④expect+从句预计/预料……IexpectthatI'llebacknextMonday.练习Teachersexpectalltheirstudents___________progressdaybyday.make B.make take D.take13.First,theGhostofChristmasPasttakeshimbacktohischildhoodandremindsScroogeofhishappierdaysasachild.首先，“圣诞节的过去之灵”带他回到他的童年时代，使斯克鲁奇回想起孩提时代更欢乐的时光。1)takesb.backto…带某人回到……IwilltakeyoubacktoLondonnextweek.2)remind〔及物动词〕提醒；使想起常用结构有：①remindsb.ofThepicturesremindmeofmyoldpartner.②remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事Hisparentsoftenremindhimtobepatient.③“remindsb.+that从句”提醒某人…Iremindherthatshemustn'tgoanywherewithstrangers.练习Mother'sDay___________usonceeveryyeartobethankfultomothers.A.remindsB.warnsC.requiresD.promise14.Thenthesecondspirit,theGhostofChristmasPresent,takeshimtoseehowothersarespendingChristmasthisyear.然后，第二个精灵——“圣诞节的现在之灵”带他去看其他人是如何度过今年的圣诞节的。present①〔名词〕现在atpresent现在，目前I'msorryhe'soutatpresent.②〔可数名词〕礼物，礼品相当于gift。birthdaypresent生日礼物 Christmaspresent圣诞礼物③〔形容词〕现在的 常用于名词前作定语。I'msatisfiedwithmypresentjob.15.Heissoscaredthathewakesupinhisbedandfindsoutitisonlythenextmorning—ChristmasDay!他害怕至极，从睡梦中惊醒，发现此时竟是第二天清晨——圣诞节！1)scared〔形容词〕害怕；恐惧；担心 常指人感到恐惧、害怕，主语是人。常用结构有：①bescaredofsth.害怕某事/某物of为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式。She'sscaredofsnakes.②bescaredtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisscaredtogooutatnight.③“bescared+that从句”担心……I'mscaredthathecan'teagain.拓展scary〔形容词〕吓人的，恐怖的常用于说明或修饰物，在句中可作表语或定语。I'mscaredtoseeascarymovie.2)wakeup①醒来 表示自行醒来。Iwokeupearlythismorning.②（把某人）叫醒 人称代词作宾语时须放在wake与up之间。Pleasewakemeupatfiveo'clocktomorrowmorning.16.Hedecidestochangehislifeandpromisestobeabetterperson.他决定改变自己的人生，承诺做个更好的人。1)decide〔动词〕决定；选定常用结构有：Ican'tdecideanythingatthemoment.Themeanoldmandecidedtotreatothersnicely.③“decide+that从句”决定……IdecidedthatIwouldtellyouaboutit.拓展decision〔名词〕决定；抉择makeadecision作决定；下决心makeadecisiontodosth.Hisfathermadeadecisiontopunishhimfortellingalie.=Hisfatherdecidedtopunishhimfortellingalie.练习—Let'sgotothemoviesthisweekend.—Sorry,butmyparentsandIhavedecided______toDongjiangLakeforcamping.A.go B.going C.togo2)changeone'slife改变某人的人生/生活changeone'smind改变某人的想法change(…)into （把……)变成……Ifyoutryyourbest,you'llchangeyourlife.3)promise①〔动词〕许诺；承诺；答应常用结构有：Ipromisedherthepresent.=Ipromisedthepresenttomise(not)（不）做某事Theypromisedtohelpmise+that从句 承诺/答应……Shepromisedthatshewouldwritetome.②〔可数名词〕承诺；诺言make/keep/breakapromise许下/信守/违背诺言Givemeyourpromisethatyou'llneverbelateagain,please.练习根据汉语提示，写出句子中单词的完全形式。Theboy___________（承诺）hewouldn'tbelateforschoolanymore.17.Healsogivesgiftstopeopleinneed.他还把礼物送给需要的人。inneed处于困境中；需要帮助为介词短语，在此句中作后置定语，修饰名词people。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Theyarecollectingmoneyforchildreninneed.18.Henowtreatseveryonewithkindnessandwarmth,spreadingloveandjoyeverywherehegoes.现在无论走到哪里，他都以善良与热情待人，传播着爱与欢乐。1)kindnessandwarmth善良与热情kindness和warmth分别是形容词kind（和蔼的）和warm（暖和的）的名词形式。Weshouldtreateveryonewithkindnessandwarmth.练习用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子（限填一个单词）。Weweretouchedbythe___________ofthewele.(warm)2）现在分词（短语）作伴随状语spreadingloveandjoy...是现在分词短语，作伴随状语，说明前文treatseveryone...动作发生时，另一个动作spreadloveandjoy...也在伴随着发生。Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,talkingandlaughinghappily.3)spread①〔动词〕(spread,spread)传播；展开Thebirdspreaditswings.②〔名词〕蔓延；传播thespreadof...的传播/蔓延Wemuststopthespreadofthedisease.19.ThisholidayisalwaysonaSundaybetweenMarch22ndandApril25th.这个节日总是在3月22日到4月25日之间的一个星期天。1)between...and...在……和……之间它只限于两者之间，可以是两个人，也可以是两个不同的物或两个点（时间、数字、场所等）。Pleasesitbetweenyourfatherandyourmother.PleasedrawalinebetweenAandB.Theshopopensbetween8amand5pm.2）辨析：between与amongHeissittingbetweenAnnandLiLei.Hesitsamongthechildren.练习municationisabridge___________theyoungandtheold.A.across B.through C.between D.among20.Itcelebratesthebeginningofnewlife.它庆祝新生命的开始。thebeginningof……的开始其中beginning是begin的名词形式，意为“开始，开端”，其反义词为end，意为“结尾；尽头”。That'sthebeginningofthegardentour.拓展atthebeginningof“在……之初；在……的开始”，反义短语为attheendof（在……的末端；在……的结尾）。Atthebeginningofthisyear,heknewthatman.Hewrotealettertohispenpalattheendoflastweek.21.Notonlydopeoplespreadthemaroundindifferenthidingplacesforanegghunt,buttheyalsogiveoutthesetreatsasgifts.人们不仅为了寻找复活节彩蛋游戏而将彩蛋分散到周围不同的藏匿处，他们还分发这些好吃的作为礼物。1)notonly...but(also)...不但……而且……用于连接两个相同的句子成分。句子中notonlydopeoplespreadthem...anegghunt是倒装句，其中notonly用于句首是为了表示强调。在英语中为了强调某些内容，常把一些否定词语置于句首，这时句子用倒装语序。常见的这类否定词还有never,little,hardly等。Notonlyhasheenteredthecollege,butalsohehasgotanaward.NeverhaveIheardofsuchaname.拓展notonly...but(also)...可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesplayingsoccer.练习—WouldyouliketotellmesomethingaboutYuanLongping?—He'scalled“FatherofHybridRice”andhehelpedsave___________China___________theworldfromhunger.A.notonly;butalso B.either;or C.neither;nor2)different〔形容词〕不同的 可用来作定语或表语。bedifferentfrom与……不同；与……有差异Differentpeoplehavedifferentideas.Thisbookisdifferentfromthatone.助记differencen.差别；差异 3)giveout①分发；散发 动副短语 与handout同义。Giveoutthedesserttothechildren,please.Givethemout,please.②发出（光、热、烟、信号等）Thegaslampgaveoutpoorlight.③用完，耗尽Hismoneygaveoutandhehadtofindajob.基础知识梳理词形变化1.strange(adj.奇怪的；陌生的）+(e)r（名词后缀））2.steal(v.偷；窃取）→stole（过去式）stolen（过去分词）3.lay[v.放置；安放；产（卵）；下（蛋）]→laid（过去式）→laid（过去分词））+al（形容词后缀））5.tie(v.捆；束）ie变y+ing（现在分词后缀）→tying（现在分词）6.lie(v.存在；平躺；处于）→lay（过去式）→lain（过去分词）→lying（现在分词）7.die(v.死；死亡）→dead(adj.死的；失去生命的）））+th（名词后缀）→warmth(n.温暖；暖和）9.spread(v.传播；展开）→spread（过去式）→spread（过去分词）短语归纳1.theWaterFestival泼水节 2.theDragonBoatFestival端午节3.theChineseSpringFestival中国春节 4.theLanternFestival元宵节5.theMidAutumnFestival中秋节 6.alittle有点；一点儿7.goto...forone'svacation去……度假 8.eatout外出就餐9.puton增加（体重）；发胖 10.soundlike听起来像11.besimilarto与……相像的、类似的 12.washaway冲走；洗掉13.intheshapeof以……的形状14.traditionalfolkstories传统民间故事 15.shootdown射下16.flyupto...飞向…… 17.callout大声呼喊18.layout摆开；布置 19.share...with...和…分享/分担…20.asaresult结果；因此 ...theother...一个……另一个……22.Mother's/Father'sDay母亲节/父亲节 23.dressup(as...）装扮（成……) 24.thinkof想起；认为；考虑 25.turnoff关掉 27.learnabout了解28.careabout关心；在意 29.changeone'slife改变某人的生活30.endup最终成为；最后处于 31.takesb.backto...把某人带回到…32.remindsb.of使某人想起 33.wakeup醒来34.findout找出；查明 35.inneed需要帮助；处于困境中 37.thebeginningof...………的开始38.notonly...butalso...不但……而且…… 39.between...and...在……和……之间40.giveout=handout分发 41.givebirthto产生；生育用法集萃 2.in+时间段 多长时间之后3.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物；把某物给某人of+可数名词复数……之一 8.比较级+and+比较级越来越...... 9.Itis+名词+todosth.做某事是......10.Whatdo/does/didsb.thinkof...?某人认为……怎么样？11.What+a(n)+形容词+名词（+主语+谓语+其他）!多么……的……!12.How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）!多么……!语法专项一that和if/whether引导的宾语从句在复合句中，如果由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的常见连接词有that,if/whether,what,who,where,why和how等，本单元主要学习that和if/whether引导的宾语从句。当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Ithink(that)he’llreturninanhour.Theteachersaid(that)Iwasright.拓展that在下列情况下不可省略：①当宾语从句的主语是that时。Hesaysthatthatisamapofthecity.②当宾语从句前有插入语时。Hesays,in