高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解 第一讲 细节理解题针对训练-人教版高三英语试题

细节理解题(一)A(2016·辽宁五校联考)WashingtonD．C.isNo.1Itisbestknownasacityofmonument.Inthemiddleoftrafficcirclesoronstreetcorners，you’llfindstatues，plaques(匾牌)，andsimpleblocksofmarblethere.TheyhonorthepeoplewhohelpedshapetheUS.AndonOct.20，LonelyPlanet，oneoftheworld’slargesttravelguides，namedWashingtonD．C.theNo.1cityinitslistof“BestinTravel2015”．“Theyear2015isafantasticyeartovisitWashingtonD．C.，”TomHall，editorialdirectorofLonelyPlanet，toldTheGuardian.“The150thanniversaryofAbrahamLincoln’sassassination(暗杀)makesthisyearbigforWashingtonD．C.ThefamoustophatofAmerican’s16thpresidentandthegunthatfiredthedeadlyshotwillbeondisplay.Addthattoitsincredibleeats，performingartsandmuseums.Thenation’scapitalislookingbetterthanever.”Therearealotoffreemuseumsinthecity.WhenBritishscientistJamesSmithsondiedin1829，heleftawillgivinghismoneytotheUnitedStatestoopenamuseumatWashington，underthenameoftheSmithsonianInstitution.Ithasturnedouttobeawonderfulgift，andtheinstitutionnowcovers19museums.Andofcourse，noWashingtontouriscompletewithoutseeingtheWhiteHouse，theCapitol，andtheSupremeCourt，whicharehometothethreepillars(核心)oftheUSgovernment.ButthereismoretoexploreinthecenterofUSpower.Itisacityyoucanwalkacross，withwide­openavenues，oldneighborhoods，andriverviews.AndasUSA_Todaynotes，diversityisanotherreasonto“fallinlovewiththecity”．“ThereisalotofdiversityinWashingtonD．C.，seeninitspeople，itsneighborhoodsanditslandmarks.FromChinatowntoLittleEthiopia，visitingthenation’scapitalislikeseeingtheworldinonetrip，”saidthenewspaper.【解题导语】本文列举种种理由力证华盛顿是2015年最值得旅游的地方。1．OneofthereasonswhyWashingtonD．C.isworthavisitin2015isthat________．A．foodandperformingartstherearemuchbetterthananywhereelseintheworldB．thetophatof15thpresidentofAmericawillbeonshowintheyear2015C．seeingthemuseumswillmakeyourtourinWashingtonD．C.completeD．thediversityofthecityoffersyouanopportunitytoseemoreinonetrip解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“diversityisanotherreasonto‘fallinlovewiththecity’”和“FromChinatownto...inonetrip”可知，多元化的华盛顿可以让你在一次旅行中看到更多，故选D项。2．Whichofthefollowingdetailsisrightaccordingtothearticle?A．The150thanniversaryofLincoln’sassassinationmakesthetourmoreworthwhile.B．ThefirstreasonwhyWashingtonD．C.isworthavisitisthatitisthecapitalofthecountry.C．LonelyPlanetdecidestomakeWashingtonD．C.amost­visitedplacein2015.D．AllthemuseumsinWashingtonD．C.werenamedaftertheSmithsonianInstitution.解析：选A。正误判断题。根据第三段中的“The150thanniversaryofAbrahamLincoln’sassassination(暗杀)makesthisyearbigforWashingtonD．C.”可知，林肯被刺杀150周年纪念将成为华盛顿旅游的一大亮点，A项正确；B项文章中并未提到华盛顿值得一游的第一个原因是它是美国的首都；C项歪曲原文，《孤独星球》的编辑主任介绍了2015年华盛顿的情况，但并不是他们决定让华盛顿成为2015年最值得旅游的城市；D项说所有的博物馆太过绝对。3．WhatisUSAToday，accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Awell­knowncompany.B．Anewspaper.C．Anadvancedinstitution.D．Awebsite.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“AndasUSA_Todaynotes...saidthenewspaper”可知，USAToday是一份报纸。B(2015·沈阳市教学质量检测)StandingdeskshavebecomecommonacrossSiliconValley，offeringhealthbenefitstothosewillingtoworkontheirfeet.However，duetotheirhighprice，theyhavefailedtocatchonuntilnow.Recently，IkeahasbroughtoutBekantconvertiblestandingdeskthatcanbecomeanormaldeskatthetouchofbutton.The$500adjustabledeskcantransformfromastandarddesktoastandingone，andIkeahopesitcouldmakethestandingdeskmainstream.Expertssaythatchangingfromaseatedtoastandingdeskcanimproveproductivity.SimilardeskshavebecomeacommonsightattechfirmssuchasGoogle，wheresomeemployeeshaveeveninstalledtreadmill(跑步机)andbicycledesks.Thedeskisnotthefirst“convertible”onthemarket.Asearlyas2013，StirKinectbroughtoutanadjustabledesk.The$3，890StirKinectdeskhasamotortoraiseandloweritself，convertingitintoastandingdeskoratraditionaldesk.Thedeskcanevenbeprogrammedtomoveupanddownslightly，makingitappeartotakeagentlebreathtoremindtheuserstochangetheirpositions.Tomovebetweensittingandstandingpositions，ownerssimplydoubletaponthescreen.Thedeskcanlearntheuser’spreferencesandsuggestthebestseatingposition.TheStirKinectdeskwascreatedbyateamofex­AppleandDisneyengineers.Ithasabuilt­intouchscreentocontrolandtrackmovement，andcantellusersexactlyhowmanycaloriestheyburnbystandingduringtheirworkingdays.ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones，tokeepcableshidden.“Ikea’sheight­adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket，”saidJPLabrosse，founderandCEOofStirKinect.【解题导语】站立式办公桌对人们的健康有益，但是它的价格高昂。最近，宜家公司推出了一种价格相对便宜的可调节高度的站立式办公桌。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Ikeahasbroughtoutanadjustablestandingdesk.B．SiliconValleyC．Googleformeditstechfirmstodesignbicycledesks.D．TheStirKinectdeskwillbecomemainstreaminthemarket.解析：选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是，Ikea(宜家公司)最近推出了一种价格相对便宜而且可调节高度的站立式办公桌，故A项正确。5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．BeforeBekantdesk，similaradjustabledeskshavebeenwidelyused.B．Theseateddeskswilltaketheplaceofthestandingdesksinthefuture.C．ComparedtotheStirKinectdesk，theBekantdeskismuchcheaper.D．TheadjustabledesksweredesignedbytheAppleandTheWaltDisneyCompany.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，theStirKinectdesk的价格是$3，890；根据第一段可知，theBekantdesk的价格是$500。由此可知，选C项。6．TheStirKinectdesk________．A．canbreatheinandbreatheoutbypressingthebuttononceB．canchargephonesbyusingadevicecontainingapowerpointC．cantellyouhowmanycaloriesyouneedforawalkD．canadviseyoutodomoreexerciseatapropertime解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones”可知，theStirKinectdesk上面有电源插座和USB端口，可以给手机充电，故B项正确。7．WhatcanweinferfromthelastsentencegivenbyJPLabrosse?A．Ikea’sadjustabledeskswillbepopularwithaveragepeople.B．Ikeawillhavetosellfurnitureatalowerpriceinthefuture.C．Thisheight­adjustabletablecanonlybefoundinIkea.D．ItisnotnecessaryforIkeatoopenupthemarketatall.解析：选A。推理判断题。最后一段JPLabrosse所讲的话的意思是：宜家公司所推出的可调节高度的办公桌能很好地打开低端市场。由此可推断，宜家公司的可调节高度的办公桌将会受到普通人的欢迎，故A项正确。C(2015·广西南宁市第二次适应性测试)LSESummerSchool，locatedintheheartofLondon，isthelargestuniversitysummerschoolinEurope.Ourcoursesaresuitableforthosewhoareat，orareabouttostartuniversity.OurschoolwillbeginacceptingapplicationsinMarch2015.CoursesAccounting，Finance，Law，Economics，BusinessandInternationalRelations.DatesSessionOne:6­26July;SessionTwo:27July­14August.RatesThestudentrateThestandardrateOneSession￡1，775￡2，500BothSessions￡2，975￡4，250•Thestudentrateappliestoallfull­timestudentswhoarestudyingatauniversityorcollegeanywhereintheworld.•Accommodationisnotincluded.•Inaddition，a￡50applicationfeemustbepaidwhensubmittingyourapplication.Applicant_requirementsIfyouhavestudiedintheUK，youdon’tneedanyadditionalEnglishqualifications.Studentsfromothercountrieswillgenerallynotrequireavisatostudyatourschool.However，youwillentertheUKasa“StudentVisitor”．Coursechangesarepermittedbeforethestartoftheprogrammeandwithinthreedaysofthesession.Contact_hours_and_teaching_methodsLSESummerSchoolcoursesarefull­timeandnormallyconsistof48hoursoverthethree­weekperiod，takingtheformof36hoursoflecturesand12hoursofclasses.Lectures，attendedbyallstudents，takeplaceineitherthemorningorafternoonsupplementedbysmallone­hourclassesofapproximately15students.Assessment_and_examinationsAssessmentforLSESummerSchoolisbasedontheresultsofeithertwowrittenexaminations，orafinalwrittenexaminationandassessedwork.Examinationsarerequiredandnoexceptioncanbemadeforanyreason.Successfulstudentsareawardedacertificateandtranscript.Ifyouhaveanyquestions，pleaseclickheretoseeourfrequentlyaskedquestionsorcontactus.【解题导语】本文对LSE暑期学校的课程、费用、申请要求等方面进行了介绍，以吸引更多的学生前来学习。8．Youwillprobablyfindthepassage________．A．inamagazine B．inanewspaperC．inatextbook D．onawebsite解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段“Ifyouhaveanyquestions，pleaseclickheretoseeourfrequentlyaskedquestionsorcontactus”可知，此文可以在网上看到，即D项正确。9．Accordingtothetext，Jack，afull­timestudentinLondon，willatleastpay________forhisone­sessionprogrammeinLSESummerSchool.A．￡1，775 B．￡1，825C．￡2，500 D．￡2，550解析：选B。数字计算题。根据表格可知：一个学期的学费至少为1775英镑，又根据下文的“Inaddition，a￡50applicationfeemustbepaidwhensubmittingyourapplication”可知，杰克至少要花费1825英镑，即B项正确。10．Fromthetextwelearnthat________．A．studentsmayhavelecturesatnightattimesB．thetwoprogrammesareonlydesignedforforeignstudentsC．studentswhohavepassedtherequiredexaminationswillgetacertificateD．avisaandfluentspokenEnglisharerequiredtostudyinLSESummerSchool解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Assessment_and_examinations下的“Examinationsarerequiredandnoexceptioncanbemadeforanyreason.Successfulstudentsareawardedacertificateandtranscript”可知，通过考试的孩子可以拿到证书，即C项正确。11．Forwhatpurposeisthetextwritten?A．AttractingstudentstoattendtheprogrammesinLSESummerSchool.B．IntroducingsomefamousteachersandcoursesinLSESummerSchool.C．GettingstudentstoknowmoreabouttheprogrammesintheUK.D．OfferingsomecheapercoursesforstudentsfromtheUK.解析：选A。写作意图题。综合全文，不难看出本文是一篇广告，旨在吸引学生参加LSE暑期学校的项目，即A项正确。(二)A(2016·河北省七校联考)Name：OfftheBeatenPathCoverprice：$30.00Ourprice：$19.80TheReader’sDigesttravelbookhas40%newcontentsincludingover200newsites，over200newfull­colorphotographs，andall­new，up­to­datemaps.Itspotlightsover1，000oftheUnitedStates’mostoverlookedmust­seedestinations.Name：ContainerCoverprice：$15.95Ourprice：$9.49Auniquebookcontains50easy­to­followcontainerdesigns.Eachdesignprovidesasimplenumberedplantingplanthatshowsexactlyhowtocreateeachdisplay，withaninstructionofthefinishedplanterandin­depth(深入的)plantinformation.Theplansareeasytofollowandforanytypeoflivingspaceorgarden.Name：BestWeekendProjectsCoverprice：$17.95Ourprice：$13.96Choosefrom80uniqueideastocreateanextraordinarylivingspace.Theprojectsarepractical，aswellasattractive，andwillimproveyourhomeandyardandcanbemadeinaweekend.These80well­designedprojectsarepresentedinaclear，easy­to­followstylethataddressesreadersinanaccessible，user­friendlytone.Name：1801HomeRemediesCoverprice：$40.00Ourprice：$29.96Plentyofhealthcomplaintscanbehandledathome.Eachandeveryremedywillbetestedbyadoctortomakesureitissafeandsound.Dozensofconditionsarecovered，fromheadaches，sunburn，badbreath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，tohiccups(打嗝)．【解题导语】本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。1．Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassageina________．A．referencebook B．travelguideC．newspaper D．textbook解析：选C。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选C项。2．WhatmakesOfftheBeatenPathdifferentfromotherbooks?A．Itisthemostpopularbook.B．Itdoesn’tofferadiscount.C．Itcontainscolorfulpictures.D．Itfocusesonpeople’sdailylife.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知，该书中有200多个新的景点，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选C项。3．Whichbookoffersthebiggestdiscount?A．OfftheBeatenPathB．1801HomeRemediesC．BestWeekendProjectsD．ContainerGardensby解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文中提供的四本书的“Coverprice”和“Ourprice”价格计算比较可知，ContainerGardensbyNumber打折最多，故选D项。B(2016·河南洛阳市高三统一考试)Allovertheworldmothersandfathersteachtheirchildrenmanners.Otherchildrenmayhavemannersthatarenotlikeyours.Thereareallkindsofmanners.Manyyearsago，childrenwhohadgoodmannerswereseenandnotheard.Theykeptquitequietifgrown­upsweretalking.Today，well­manneredchildrenhavemorefreedom.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia.Somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdotheywantyoutohave？Theywantyoutogivealoud“burp(打嗝)”afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikeyourfood.Insomecountries，ifyougivealoudburp，youaretoldtosay，“Excuseme，please.”Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingtogether.Peopleshowgoodmannersbyturningtheirbackstootherswhiletheyeat.WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown？Peopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite，youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.Thenhewilltalktoyou.SupposeyouvisitafriendinArabia.Youshouldwalkbehindtheothertentsuntilyoucometohistent.Ifyoupassinfrontoftheothertents，youwillbeaskedintoeachone.Peoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyousayno.Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneedwaystoshowthattheywanttobefriends.【解题导语】不同时代、不同地域、不同国家有不同的礼仪，在某个地方得体的礼仪未必在另一个地方也适合。4.Peopleturntheirbackstootherswhiletheyeatinsomeplacesin________．A．Mongolia B．anEastAfricantownC．Polynesia D．Arabia解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseen...whiletheyeat”可知，在波利尼西亚的部分地方，人们吃饭时背对他人被认为是有礼貌的。5.InanEastAfricantown，peopletrynottoseeyou.Thisisbecause________．A．theyarenotyourfriendsB．theydon’twanttotalkwithyouC．itisgoodmannersD．theyarewaitingforyoutotalkwiththem解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“Theyarebeingpolite”可知，C项正确。6.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.Whichshouldbeasupportingparagraphtotheidea?A．Thefirstone. B．Thesecondone.C．Thesixthone. D．Thethirdone.解析：选C。细节理解题。文章第六段提到“有些地方人们喜欢在一起吃饭，然而在波利尼西亚的一些地区被人看到在一起吃饭是不礼貌的”可知，C项正确。7．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe“________”．A．SomebadmannersB．DifferentkindsofmannersC．TheimportanceofmannersD．Somegoodmanners解析：选B。标题判断题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了不同地区的不同礼仪，因此B项正确。C(2016·云南省第一次联考)Ifhacking(黑客侵入)taughtusanythingin2014，it’sactuallynothing.ThepasswordmanagementfirmSplashDatareleaseditslistoftheworstpasswordsoftheyearandit’sjustasterribleasyou’dthink.Themostcommonleakedpasswordin2014was“123456”followedby“password”—bothtoppedthelisttheyearbefore，too.Whilenumberswereaspopularaseveraspasswords，sportstermslike“baseball”and“football”wereusedmoreoften.Birthdayyearswerecommontoo(especially1989，1990，1991and1992)andnameslike“Michael”，“Jennifer”and“Hunter”werealsoamongthetop100worstpasswordsof2014.Here’salookatthetop10worstpasswordsoftheyear：1.123456(Unchangedfrom2013)2.password(Unchanged)3.12345(Up17)4.12345678(Down1)5.qwerty(Down1)6.234567890(Unchanged)7．baseball(New)8.dragon(New)9.football(New)10.monkey(New)Thisyear’sworstpasswordsarepainfullyweak，butwhatwereonceconsideredcleverpasswordstrategies—usingsymbols，capitalization，thenumber3inplaceoftheletter“e”—areoldtricks.It’snowrecommendedtopickadifferentpasswordforeachaccountyouuse—youwouldn’tus