山西省吕梁市孝义市2022-2023学年高一年级下册5月月考英语试卷(含答案)

山西省吕梁市孝义市2022-2023学年高一下学期5月月考英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

Astronautsgotobathroomjustlikeeverybodyelse.However,itcanbetrickyinspace

becausegravityissoweakthatpeopleandobjectsappeartobeweightless.Itmeansthat

toiletscannotflush（冲洗）thesamewaythattheydoonEarth.Sowehavestarteda

competitiontogetideasfromaroundtheworldtodevelopanewspacetoiletthatwouldwork

aboardtheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）aswellasonMoon.

Thecompetition,titled"NASA'sLunarLooChallenge”,hasatotalprizeof$35,000to

besharedbywinningteams.Anyoneabove14canapplytothischallenge,andthewinning

designwillreceivea$20,000reward.Thesecond-placedesignwillwin$10,000,andthe

third-placewinnerwillwin$5,000.

Thecompetitionalsoincludesajuniorcategory（类另lj）inwhichanyoneundertheageof

14canapplywiththeircreativespacetoiletideas.Winnersinthiscategorywillreceive

publicrecognitionandoursouvenirs.

ToiletDesignRequirements

Designsshouldtakeupnomorethan1.13m3ofspace.

Thespacetoilethastobeabletoholdatleast1.5kghumanwaste.

Thefinalrequirementisthatthesystemmustbeabletogetridofthewasteandbe

cleanedinfiveminutesorless.

Wehopethischallengewillresultinnewwaystodealwithhumanwasteinouterspace.

1.Whatcanajuniorwinnergetfromthecompetition?

A.Acashreward.B.Ascholarship.

C.AtriptoNASA.D.ANASAsouvenir.

2.Whichisadesignrequirementforthetoilet?

A.Ittakesuplessthan1.13m3ofspace.

B.Ithastobecleanedin6minutes.

C.Itcanholdatleast1.5kghumanwaste.

D.Itmustbeabletodryupthewaste.

3.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Anadvertisement.

C.Adiaryentry.D.Aproductdescription.

Ibelievethatweshouldtakeprideinwhatwedo,evenifitismisunderstoodbythe

peoplearoundus.

Ihavebeenaprofessionalskateboarderfor24years.Formuchofthattime,thesportthat

paidmyrentandgavememygreatestjoyhadmanynames,mostofwhichwereugly:akids'

play,awasteoftime,adangerousactivity.

WhenIwasabout17,myhighschoolteachereventoldmeinfrontoftheentireclassthat

Iwouldnevermakealivingasaskateboarder.Itseemedtohimthatmyfuturewasbleak.

Evenduringthosedarkyears,Ineverstoppedridingmyskateboard.Therehadbeen

many,manytimeswhenIfeltdiscouragedbecauseIcouldn'tcompleteadifficultmove.But

I'vecometorealizethattheonlywaytomastersomethingistokeepatit-despitethe

bloodyknees,despitetheunpleasantcomments.

Althoughskateboardinghasgainedmainstreamrecognitioninrecentyears,itstillhas

unfavorablestereotypes（亥U板E|］象）.TheprofessionalskateboardersIknowareresponsible

membersofsociety.Theirhairstylesandclothesaresimplypartoftheculture,evenwhen

theyappearstrangeduringcompetitions.

SohereIam,38yearsold,awifeandamotherofthree,withalengthylistof

responsibilities.AndalthoughIhavemanyjobtitles——senioradvisor,foundationchairwoman,

well-knownactress一theoneIammostproudofisprofessionalskateboarder.

Myyoungestson'spreschoolclasswererecentlyaskedwhattheirparentsdoforwork.

Theresponseswerethingslike,"Mydadsellsmoney.^^and"Mymomfiguresstuffout.^^My

sonsaid,"Tveneverseenmymomdowork.”

It'strue.Skateboardingdoesn'tseemlikerealwork,butFmproudofwhatIdo.My

parentsneveroncequestionedthepracticalitybehindmypassion（酷爱）.Ihopetopassonthe

samelessontomychildrensomeday.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"bleak“inparagraph3mean?

A.Successful.B.Certain.C.Bright.D.Unpromising.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5abouttheprofessionalskateboarders?

A.Theyareirresponsiblemembersofsociety.

B.Theylovemakingunpleasantcomments.

C.Theywearstrangehairstylesandclothes.

D.Theyturndeafearstootherpeople'sideas.

6.Whichjobtitleistheauthormostproudof?

A.Famousactress.B.Professionalskateboarder.

C.Senioradvisor.D.Foundationchairwoman.

7.Whatistheauthormostlikelytotellherchildren?

A.Followtheirpassionandkeepatit.

B.Don'tquestionthepracticalityofherjob.

C.Theyareluckytohaveasupportivemother.

D.Skateboardingisthebestsportintheworld.

AtaPittsburghwedding,thecookietableisasimportantasthefirstkiss.Butfindingthe

trueoriginofthetraditionisaschallengingasmakingtheperfectcookietable.Somesayit's

acustombroughttoPittsburghbyimmigrantsandeverybodyfromItalianstoPolishpeople

claimsitsheritage.Otherssayitgrewoutofaneedtosavemoneyoncakeinthe1930s.

Butthecookietable'sconnectionwithweddingsdidn'tshowupinpublicationsuntilthe

1990s.Certainly,Pittsburghersfeastedonweddingcookietableswellbeforethe1990s,with

localbakerssayingtheyrecallcookietablesattheirfamilies9weddingsforaslongasthey

canremember.

“WhenIwasakid,thebigtalkwasnot'Howwasthewedding?'Instead,itwas6How

werethecookies?9,9said70-year-oldMarcSerrao,ownerofOakmontBakeryinPittsburgh.

“Perhapstheconceptdidn'tshowupinnewspapersandcookbooksbecauseeverybodywas

doingit,soitwasn'tseenasnewsworthy.99

Butnomattertheorigins,thistraditionofsharingsweethomemadecookiesatweddings

isbakedintoPittsburghculture.Formanylocalfamilies,preparingacookietablehasbecome

auniquewaytoshowtheirlove.

There'snoexactnumberofcookiesatawedding.Ifsusuallysomewherebetweensix

perguestuptoone-and-a-halfdozen（十二）perguest.

Thenwhencantheguestseatthecookies?

Theanswerlikelyliesinfamilytradition.Somefamiliesopenthecookietablesbefore

dinner,whilemostfamilieswaituntilafterdinner.Generally,itisrecommendedtowaituntil

afterdinner.

“However,whatistraditionandwhathappensaretwototallydifferentthings,“Marc

Serraosays."IdaresomeonetotellGrandmathatsheisnotallowedtopickacookieoffthe

cookietablebeforedinner.IalsodaresomeonetotellAuntBetsythatsheisnotallowedto

putfourcookiesinherbagforthenextmorningwithhercoffee.”

8.Whatcanweknowaboutthecookietablefromthefirstfourparagraphs?

A.ItwasbroughttoPittsburghbyimmigrants.

B.Itfirstappearedatweddingsduringthe1990s.

C.Itgrewoutofaneedtosavemoneyinthe1930s.

D.IthasbeenanimportantpartofaweddinginPittsburgh.

9.Howmanycookiesareusuallypreparedforeachguest?

A.3〜6.B.5-12.C.6-18.D.19-24.

10.Whencanguestsusuallyeatthecookies?

A.Oldpeoplealwayseatbeforedinner.

B.Itisbettertowaituntilafterdinner.

C.ItisnecessarytoaskGrandmafirst.

D.Theyareusuallyeatenthenextmorning.

11.WhatdoesMarcSerraomeaninthelastparagraph?

A.Thereareexceptionstorules.B.Wehavetofollowcustomsstrictly.

C.ItisOKforoldpeopletobreakrules.D.Itisnotimportanttofollowtraditions.

Mostpeopledon'tlieverymuch.Itmakessense.Bybeinghonestwithpeople,younot

onlybuildupgoodwill,butalsosavealotofbrainpowersinceyourbraindoesn'thavetodo

anythingoutoftheordinarywhenyoutellthetruth.Youjustthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,

andyousayit.

However,lyingtakesmuchmorework.Imagineyou'relatetoclassandtheteacherasks

why.Ifyoudecidetolie,youhavetomakeupastoryonthespot,thinkaboutthevarious

directionstheconversationmighttakeandfigureoutwhatyouneedtosaytokeepthiswhole

liefromfallingapart.Youmightnotbeawareofit,butyoujustgiveyourbrainalotofextra

work."Alotofthatbrainworkisdoneinaregioncalledtheprefrontalcortex.It'sthepartin

chargeofworkingmemory,“explainsJenniferVendemia,ascientistfromtheUniversityof

SouthCarolina.

Workingmemorykeepssomethinginmindjustforalittlewhile,suchasremembering

instructionsforhowtoplayagameorsomeotherspecifictask.Itstoresthingsforonlya

shortwhileasyou'reusingthem,anditdoesn'tputtheminlong-termstorage.Besides

workingmemory,theprefrontalcortexalsotakescareoftaskssuchasplanning,problem­

solvingandself-control.Scientistsdescribetheseasexecutivefunctiontasks.Executive

functionletsyouthinkasteportwoaheadtomakesurethelieyou'retellingwilllikely

holduptoquestioning."Spendingsomuchbrainpowertryingtokeepastorystraightmeans

there9slessavailableforotherthings/9saysVendemia.“Lyingisespeciallyharmfulfor

youngpeopleastheprefrontalcortexisnotfullydevelopeduntilaroundage25.Whenthe

prefrontalcortexisbusywithtasksrelatedtolying,youngerpeoplehaveahardertimedoing

othertasks."

Lyinghassocialcosts,too.Peoplegenerallyvaluehonestyanddon'tlikeliars.Soif

peopleviewyouasuntrustworthy,itcanbebadforyourrelationships.

12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecostsoflyingtopeople.B.Thetruemeaningofhonesty.

C.Thebenefitsofbeingtruthful.D.Thedifficultyofbeingagoodliar.

13.Whyisalyingstudentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

A.Toproveatheory.B.Tointroduceatopic.

C.Toprovidethebackground.D.Togiveanexample.

14.Whichofthefollowingisthefunctionofworkingmemory?

A.Rememberingalife-longlesson.

B.Storinginformationforashorttime.

C.Pushingoneselftofacedifficulties.

D.Processinginformationinthebrain.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatAretheHarmfulEffectsofLying?

B.WhichPartofBrainIsinChargeofLying?

C.WhenIsItEspeciallyBadforPeopletoLie?

D.HowCanWeKeepLiesFromFallingApart?

二、阅读补全

16.Howtoappreciateartsinmuseums

①.

Youcanincreasethechanceoffindinganartpiecethatyoucanconnectwithbygoingto

amuseumthatinterestsyou.Ifyou'reinterestedinclimatechange,forexample,youmight

pickamuseumthafsshowingartworksinspiredbyEarthprotection.

Keepyourmuseumvisitshortandfocused

Onceyou'vepickedtheplaceyouwanttovisit,howdoyoumakethemostofyourtime?

Artmuseumscanbehuge.Forexample,theMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkhasalmost

200,000works.Soberealisticabouthowlongyoucanspendatthemuseum.②

.Afterthat,it'shardtostayfocusedandrememberwhatyou'veseen.

Reallyexperiencetheart

Onceyouhavethechanceofseeingtherealthingatamuseum,getupcloseandtake

yourtimetoexperienceit.Forexample,whenyouarelookingatsculptures(雕塑)，tryto

copythemwithyourbody.(3)Itcanopenupnewpathwaysandpossibilitiesof

howyoumightmakesenseofthesethingsinyourlife,too.

Keepanopenmindtoreflectandappreciate

Whenyouarelookingatanartwork,trynottothinkaboutwhatyou'reabouttosee.

Someartworksmaybesurprising,whileothersmightbedisappointing.(4).You

canloveit.Youcanhateit.Youcancry,feelangryorlaugh.ThafsOK.

Drawpersonalconnectionstotheartwork

Eventhoughitmaynotbewhattheartistintended,acolor,aflowerorapatternina

paintingmightremindyouofsomethinginyourownlife.Soletyourmindwanderand

followyourthoughtwhereveritleadsyou.⑤

A.Considerthevalueoftheartwork

B.Thenadeepconnectionwillhappen

C.Youdon'tneedmorethananhourortwo

D.Pickamuseumthatisrelatedtoyourinterest

E.Instead,allowyourselftofeelhowtheartmakesyoufeel

F.Planstocopysomethingbeautifularenothingtobelaughedat

G.Itcanhelpyouappreciatehowartistsexpresstheiremotionsmoredeeply

三、完形填空(15空)

MyrtleisasmallsleepytowninMissouri.There9snobankorrestauranthere,butasmall

stone1rightnexttothestatehighway.Halfofitisapostoffice.Theotherhalfisaone-

room2.RachelLustertookoverthislibraryfourmonthsagowiththe3of

connectingthecommunitytotheoutsideworldandcreatinga4centerforthekids.

Herfirsttaskwas5thebooksshefelteverylibrarymusthave:TheOdyssey.66I

lookedandlooked.Butwedidn'thave.Nolibraryinoursystemhadone,“Lustersaid.So

shestartedtousesocialmediato6moneyfrompeoplearoundthestateandhasalready

7about1,000newbookstothelibrary.

“WhiletheMyrtlelibrary8taxpayermoney,itgetsonly$200amonthforbooksand

supplies/9sheexplained."Butthelibraryisa9forthecommunitybecausemanypeople

heredonothave10totheInternetathomeandthelibraryistheonlyplacethatpeople

canconnecttotheoutsideworld.Iwanttobringasenseof11tothecommunity.^^

Luster9slibraryisopenonlythreedaysaweek.Oneofher12visitorsis10-year-

oldBlakeBrooks.

"Before13thislibrary,myfavoriteactivitywaswatchingTV,99hesaid."Now,as

soonasIstepofftheschoolbus,Icomehereto14.1liketo15.PminthebooksI

read.”

17.A.bridgeB.buildingC.tableD.forest

18.A.libraryB.hotelC.restaurantD.school

19.A.opportunityB.lossC.goalD.benefit

20.A.processingB.dataC.healthD.learning

21.A.searchingforB.cleaningupC.bringingaboutD.puttingdown

22.A.donateB.raiseC.begD.reject

23.A.mailedB.leftC.addedD.written

24.A.borrowsB.stealsC.forgetsD.receives

25.A.wasteB.lifelineC.burdenD.bank

26.A.roomB.desireC.accessD.plan

27.A.reliefB.humorC.achievementD.connectedness

28.A.regularB.wealthyC.oldD.funny

29.A.repairingB.buyingC.discoveringD.recognizing

30.A.playB.readC.singD.dance

31.A.wishB.admitC.announceD.imagine

四、短文填空

32.RitchAddisonwasashykid.Inelementaryschool,hedidn'tspeakupforhimself^

andhe①(worry)alot.Butoncehewenttohighschool,hemadeuphismind②

(develop)asenseofhumortomakemorefriends.Hisnewapproachworkedand

hestartedtobecomeknownforhisjokes-likethetimehemadefun(3)a

classmate'spoorscoreonamathtest.

“ItturnedoutthatIhadgottenahundredonthetestandhedidn'tdosowell,“Addison

recalled.t6AndIjokedheartlesslyaboutit.”

Thenoneday,hisgoodfriend,Holly,pulledhimasideandsaid,“Ritch,sometimesyou

reallyhurt④(people)feeling/9

Addison⑤(shock).Hehadalwaysseenhimselfastheonewhomadehis

friendslaugh.Hecouldn'timaginethathemightbehurtingthem.

“ButIkeptthinkingaboutwhatHollysaid.Finally,Irealizedthatshewas®

(absolute)right.Istartedpayingattentionto©otherpeoplewasreactingtomy

humor,9,hesaid.

Itcouldn'thappenovernight,(8)."Overtheyears,Iworkedon⑨

(be)morecompassionate(同理心的)towardthepeoplearoundmesinceIwantedtohave⑩

differentkindofrelationshipwiththem,“hesaid.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华。某英语杂志正在征稿讨论“中学生是否应该带手机进校园”。请你

给杂志编辑写一封邮件。内容包括：

1.你校学生使用手机的情况；

2•你的看法或建议。

注意：1,写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Deareditor,

Yoursfaithfully,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

“Thistime,ifsateamwork,“ourEnglishteachersaidoneMondaymorning."YouTe

goingtoreadanicebooktogetherwithtwoorthreeteammates.Theneachteamwillmakea

presentationbytheendoftheweek.Theteamthatmakesthebestpresentationwillgeta

prize."Assoonasourteacherfinishedexplainingtherules,Liyawenttomeandasked,

"Teammates?”

SinceLiyaandIwereinterestedinpicturebooksandtookpaintingclasstogether,I

agreedtobeherteammatewithoutasecondthought.

Duringthelunchtime,wewenttothediningroomtogethertoexchangeideasonthe

readingprojectoverlunch.Kasha,withwhomIalwaysdidstufftogether,happenedtositat

thenexttable.

“Kasha,doyouhaveanygoodideaforus?”Iaskedcasually.

“WhyshouldIgiveyouguysideas?”sherepliedinahurttone."I'llsavethemformy

ownteam.Afterall,Iamnotyourfirstchoicefortheproject.”

Onhearingthis,Irealizedthatshewasmadwithme,foragoodreason.IfIwereher,

notonlywouldIfeelhurt,butI'dalsobeworriedaboutwhichteamIcouldjoin.NowIhad

myteammateandKashadidn't.

Withmyeyesfixedonthefloor,Iapologizedinalowvoice,"I'msorrytoleaveyouout.

Butwouldyouliketojoinusnow?”

IthoughtthatKashawouldbepleasedwiththeinvitation.Tomysurprise,sherefused

immediately.Attheverymoment,IrealizedthatKashawasreallyangry.So,Idecidedtodo

somethingtoletherknowthatshewasalwaysoneofmybestfriends.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Thatevening,IhappenedtoseeapicturebookthatKashaandIhadreadtogether.

Thenextday,IslippedmypaintingintoKasha'sdesk,hopingthatitwouldmakeher

forgiveme.

参考答案

1.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Winnersinthiscategorywillreceivepublicrecognition

andoursouvenirs.（本组优胜者将获公众嘉许及我们的纪念品。）”可知，获胜者可以获

得纪念品。故选D。

2.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据ToiletDesignRequirements部分中“Thespacetoilethastobe

abletoholdatleast1.5kghumanwaste.（太空厕所必须能够容纳至少1.5公斤的人类排泄

物。）”可知，太空厕所必须能够容纳至少1.5公斤的人类排泄物。故选C。

3.答案：B

解析：推理判断题，根据第一段“Sowehavestartedacompetitiontogetideasfrom

aroundtheworldtodevelopanewspacetoiletthatwouldworkaboardtheInternational

SpaceStation（ISS）aswellasonMoon.（因此；，我们开始了一项竞赛，从世界各地征集想

法，开发一种新的太空厕所，既可以在国际空间站上使用，也可以在月球上使用。）及

最后一段“Wehopethischallengewillresultinnewwaystodealwithhumanwasteinouter

space.（我们希望这一挑战将带来处理外层空间人类排泄物的新方法。户可知，文章主要

介绍的是NASA正在全球范围征集太空厕所设计的创意。故这是NASA发布的一项活

动广告。故选乐

4.答案：D

解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词前“WhenIwasabout17,myhighschoolteachereventold

meinfrontoftheentireclassthatIwouldnevermakealivingasaskateboarder.（当我17岁

的时候，我的高中老师在全班同学面前告诉我，我永远不能用滑板谋生）”可推断，在

老师眼里，作者不务正业，是没有前途的，所以bleak应是与Unpromising意为“不乐

观的”同义。故先D项。

5.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Theirhairstylesandclothesaresimplypartoftheculture,

evenwhentheyappearstrangeduringcompetitions.（他们的发型和服装只是文化的一部

分，即使他们在比赛中看起来很奇怪）”可知，这些人的发型及穿着有些异类。故选C

项。

6.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“AndalthoughIhavemanyjobtiles一senioradvisor,

foundationchairwoman,well-knownactress-theoneIammostproudofisprofessional

skateboarder.（虽然我有很多头衔——高级顾问、基金会主席、知名女演员——但我最

引以为傲的是职业滑板运动员）”可知作者最引以为傲的职位是专业的滑板者。故选B

项。

7.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Myparentsneveroncequestionedthepracticality

behindmypassion（酷爱）.Ihopetopassonthesamelessontomychildrensomeday.（我的父

母从来没有质疑过我的热情背后的实用性。我希望有一天能把同样的教训传递给我的

孩子们）”可推断，作者很可能会鼓励她的孩子坚持做自己喜欢的事。故选A项。

8.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“SomesayifsacustombroughttoPittsburghby

immigrantsandeverybodyfromItalianstoPolishpeopleclaimsitsheritage.Otherssayit

grewoutofaneedtosavemoneyoncakeinthe1930s.（有人说这是移民带到匹兹堡的一种

习俗，从意大利人到波兰人，每个人都声称这是匹兹堡的传统。其他人则表示，这源

于20世纪30年代在蛋糕上省钱的需要。）”可知它不一定是由移民带到匹兹堡的，排

除选项Ao且它不一定是在20世纪30年代出于省钱的需要而发展起来的，排除选项

Co根据第二段中“Butthecookietable'sconnectionwithweddingsdidn'tshowupin

publicationsuntilthe1990s.Certainly,Pittsburghersfeastedonweddingcookietableswell

beforethe1990s（但直到20世纪90年代，饼干桌与婚礼的联系才出现在出版物上。当

然，早在20世纪90年代之前，匹兹堡人就在婚礼饼干桌上大快朵颐）”可知它首次出

现在20世纪90年代的婚礼上是错误的，排除选项B。第三段中MarcSerrao老人的话

“WhenIwasakid,thebigtalkwasnot'Howwasthewedding?Instead,itwas'Howwere

thecookies?（当我还是个孩子的时候，人们谈论的不是，婚礼怎么样？’而是，饼干怎么

样？'）"及第四段"thistraditionofsharingsweethomemadecookiesatweddingsisbaked

intoPittsburghculture（这种在婚礼上分享自制甜饼干的传统已经融入了匹兹堡的文化）”

可知这是匹兹堡婚礼的重要组成部分。故选D。

9.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“There5snoexactnumberofcookiesatawedding.It5s

usuallysomewherebetweensixperguestuptoone-and-a-halfdozen（十二）perguest.（婚礼

上没有确切的饼干数量。它通常在每位客人6到每位客人L5打之间）”可知，

1.5*12=18,即通常为每位客人准备6至18块饼干。故选C。

10.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第七段""Generally,itisrecommendedtowaituntilafter

dinner.（一般来说，建议等到晚饭后再吃。）”可知通常客人最好等到晚饭后吃饼干。故

选B。

11.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“"However,whatistraditionandwhathappensaretwo

totallydifferentthings,5,MarcSerraosays,"IdaresomeonetotellGrandmathatsheisnot

allowedtopickacookieoffthecookietablebeforedinner.IalsodaresomeonetotellAunt

Betsythatsheisnotallowedtoputfourcookiesinherbagforthenextmorningwithher

coffee.”（“然而，什么是传统和发生什么是完全不同的事情，"MarcSerrao说。“我敢告

诉奶奶，晚饭前不允许她从饼干桌上摘饼干。我也敢对贝茜阿姨，第二天早上她不允

许在包里放四块饼干和咖啡。可推断MarcSerrao认为这些规矩不是死的，规则也

有例外。故选A。

12.答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"Bybeinghonestwithpeople,younotonlybuildup

goodwill,butalsosavealotofbrainpower（通过对人诚实，你不仅可以建立善意，还

可以节省大量的脑力）”可知，这一段写诚实的好处。故选C项。

13.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。第二段“However,lyingtakesmuchmorework.然而，撒谎需要付出

更多的努力。”为本段主题句，后面的句子“Imagineyou5relatetoclassandtheteacher

askswhy.Ifyoudecidetolie,youhavetomakeupastoryonthespot,thinkaboutthe

variousdirectionstheconversationmighttakeandfigureoutwhatyouneedtosaytokeep

thiswholeliefromfallingapart.Youmightnotbeawareofit,butyoujustgiveyourbraina

lotofextrawork.（想象一下你上课迟到了，老师问你为什么。如果你决定撒谎，你必须

当场编造一个故事，思考谈话可能会朝着不同的方向发展，并想清楚你需要说些什么

才能避免整个谎言分崩离析。你可能没有意识到，但你只是给了你的大脑很多额外的

工作。）”都是举例说明。可知，作者用学生撒谎这个例子来支持其论点：撒谎需要付

出更多的努力。故选D项。

14.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Workingmemorykeepssomethinginmindjustfora

littlewhile（工作记忆会让一些事情在脑海中停留一段时间），以及“Itstoresthingsfor

onlyashortwhileasyou'reusingthem,anditdoesn'tputtheminlong-termstorage.（当你使

用它们时，它只会在短时间内存储它们，而不会将它们长期存储。）”可知，working

memory属于短时记忆。故选B项。

15.答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。第一段"Mostpeopledon'tlieverymuch.Itmakessense.Bybeing

honestwithpeople,younotonlybuildupgoodwill,butalsosavealotofbrainpowersince

yourbraindoesn'thavetodoanythingoutoftheordinarywhenyoutellthetruth.Youjust

thinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.（大多数人不怎么说谎。这很有道理。通过对

人诚实，你不仅可以建立善意，还可以节省大量的脑力，因为当你说实话时，你的大

脑不必做任何不同寻常的事情。你只要想一想你想说什么，然后就说出来。）”是说诚

实的好处，而二、三和四段从不同角度说撒谎的危害。所以用A项“WhatArethe

HarmfulEffectsofLying?（说谎有哪些有害影响？）”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相

符合。故选A项。

16.答案：①-⑤DCGEB

解析：①根据后文的“Youcanincreasethechanceoffindinganartpiecethatyoucan

connectwithbygoingtoamuseumthatinterestsyou.（你可以通过去你感兴趣的博物馆来

增加找到一件与你有联系的艺术品的机会。厂可知，此处强调的是通过增加兴趣来增

加找到一件与你有联系的艺术品的机会即强调兴趣的作用。D选项“Pickamuseumthat

isrelatedtoyourinterest（选择一个与你的兴趣相关的博物馆）”引起下文。故选D。

②根据前文“Forexample,theMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkhasalmost200,000

works.Soberealisticabouthowlongyoucanspendatthemuseum.（例如，纽约现代艺术

博物馆有近20万件作品。所以对于你能在博物馆待多久要现实一点。户可知，此处强

调对于让你的博物馆之旅简短而集中，后文应该提出在博物馆停留多长时间。C选项

“Youdon'tneedmorethananhourortwo（你不需要超过〜两个小时）”给具体建议，即不

需要在博物馆中停留一两个小时。故选C。

③木艮据空后“Forexample,whenyouarelookingatsculptures（雕塑）,trytocopythemwith

yourbody.（例如，当你看雕塑时，试着用你的身体去模仿它们。）”以及后文的“Itcan

openupnewpathwaysandpossibilitiesofhowyoumightmakesenseofthesethingsinyour

life,too.（它也可以为你如何理解生活中的这些事情开辟新的途径和可能性。）”可知，设

空处强调的是讲模仿雕像的好处。G选项“Itcanhelpyouappreciatehowartistsexpress

theiremotionsmoredeeplyo（它可以帮助你更深入地欣赏艺术家如何表达他们的情

感。）”继续强调模仿雕像的好处。故选G项。

④根据本段断指“Keepanopenmindtoreflectandappreciate（保持开放的心态去反思和欣

赏）''以及前文的“Someartworksmaybesurprising,whileothersmightbedisappointing.（W

些艺术品可能令人惊讶，而另一些则可能令人失望。）”可知，保持开放的心态去反思

和欣赏，不同的艺术作品给予人的感受不同。E选项“Instead,allowyourselftofeelhow

theartmakesyoufeel（相反，让自己去感受艺术带给你的感觉）”强调，无论艺术作品给

人怎样的感受，要让自己去感受，与段旨呼应。故选E。

⑤根据本段段旨“Drawpersonalconnectionstotheartwork（画出个人与艺术作品的联

系）“以及空前"Soletyourmindwanderandfollowyourthoughtwhereveritleadsyou.（所

以，让你的思想漫游，跟随你的思想，无论它把你带到哪里。）”可知，此处主要阐述

如何与艺术品建立情感联系即让你的思想与艺术品的思想同游，最终就会产生联系。

B选项“Thenadeepconnectionwillhappen.（然后一种深层次的联系就会发生。）“承接前

文。故选B。

17.答案：B

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里没有银行，也没有餐馆，只有一座小石头建

筑，就在州际公路旁边。A.bridge桥；B.building建筑物；C.table桌子；D.forest森

林。这里没有银行没有餐馆，而只有一个建筑物，该大楼的一半是邮局。故选B。

【答案2】答案：A

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的一半是邮局。另一半是一个只有一个房间的图

书馆。A.library图书馆；B.hotel宾馆;C.restaurant餐馆；D.school学校。根据后文

“tookoverthislibrary”可知，它的一半是邮局。另一半是一个只有一个房间的图书馆。

故选Ao

【答案3】答案：C

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rachel四个月前接管了这个图书馆，她的目标是将

社区与外界联系起来，并为孩子们创建一个学习中心。A.opportunity机会；B.loss损

失；C.goal目标；D.benefit好处。目标是将社区与外界联系起来，并为孩子们创建一

个学习中心。故选C。

【答案4】答案：D

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.processing加工，处理；B.data数据；C.

health健康；D.learning学习。根据前文“tookoverthislibrary”可知，Rachel目标是将

社区与外界联系起来，并为孩子们创建一个学习中心。故选D。

【答案5】答案：A

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的首要任务是寻找他认为每个图书馆都必须有的

书。A.searchingfor寻找；B.cleaningup清理；C.bringingabout弓I起；D.puttingdown

镇压，记下。根据后文“Ilookedandlooked.Butwedidn'thave.”可知，她的首要任务是

寻找她认为每个图书馆都必须有的书。故选A。

【答案6】答案：B

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她开始利用社交媒体向全州各地的人们筹集

资金，并已经为图书馆增加了大约1000本新书。A.donate捐赠；B.raise举起，筹

集；C.beg祈求；D.reject拒绝。根据后文“moneyfrompeoplearoundthestate”可知，

她利用社交媒体向全州各地的人们筹集资金。故选B。

【答案7】答案：C

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.mailed发送邮件；B.left离开；C.added增

加，补充；D.written写。根据后文“about1,000newbookstothelibrary”可知，她已经

为图书馆增加了大约1000本新书。故选C。

【答案8】答案：D

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然默特尔图书馆接受纳税人的钱，但它每月只有

200美元的书籍和用品费用。A.borrows借；B.steals偷；C.forgets忘记；D.receives

收到。根据后文“taxpayermoney”可知，默特尔图书馆接受纳税人的钱。故选D。

【答案9】答案：B

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但图书馆是社区的生命线，因为这里的许多人在家

里不能上网，图书馆是人们与外界联系的唯一场所。A.