2023北京西城区高一下学期期末英语试题及答案

2023北京西城高一（下）期末英语2023.7本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷(共分)I.听力理解(共三节，22.5分)第一节：(共4小题；每小题1.56分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatdothespeakersneedbuy?A.Somechairs.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataticketoffice.B.Onabus.C.Inaclassroom.3.WhatdoesthemanfinddifficultinlearningSpanish?B.Someshelves.C.Atable.A.Reading.4.Howwillspeakersgotothecityhall?A.Bybus.B.taxi.第二节：(共6小题；每小题1.59分)B.Listening.C.Speaking.C.bike.听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第65.Whenwillthemanattendtheonlinemeeting?A.Thisafternoon.B.Tonight.C.Tomorrow.6.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Watertheflowers.B.Talkabouttheparty.C.Readsomemagazines.听第6段材料，回答第7至第87.Whatisthenewsinthenewspaper?A.PlantscanspeakEnglish.B.Plantscanrecordnoises.C.Unbelievable.C.Plantscanmakesounds.8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenews?A.CheerfulB.Comforting.听第7段材料，回答第9至第9.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Atrip.B.Anewtent.C.Thegirl'sfamily.10.Whatcanlearnfromtheconversation?A.Thegirl'sfatherisacarelessperson.B.Therearethreepeopleinthegirl'sfamily.C.Thegirl'smotherdrovebackhomethetent.第三节：(共5小题：每小题1.57.5分)听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoBeatPre-performanceNervesBeprepared●11muchasyoucan◆makeyoufeel12andready●findoutwhattechniqueworksforyou◆takealongyourfavoritewaystocalmdown◆trybreathingtechniques●makeaplantousethistechnique●getenoughsleepandeatmeals●takemoreexerciseTakegoodcareofyourselfⅡ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1.522.5分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Bradhadn’tGrandmaforsixyearssincetheirfierceargument.Athisbrother’swedding,16heragain.Hesawherwalkunsteadilyintothechurchandhelpedhergettotheseat.Buttheydidn’tsaymuch.Sixmonthsafterthewedding,BradhikedtheAppalachianTrail.Hefoundhimself17alotabouthisgrandmotherandthetimetheyhadspentBlueRockStatePark,whichisclosetoherhouse.There,they’dliftrocksintheriverfindfish.Itpuzzledwhythat18particularstayedwithhim.HedecidedcallGrandmaJoy.Itwouldbetheirfirstreal19years.Sheinvitedhimoverandhesaid“yes”.Whenthedooropened,everythinginsidelookedthesame.Buthewaslookingatawomanhad20.Theymadesmalltalk.Grandmasaidthatshehadmany21herlife.OneofthemwashatexcepthertimeatBlueRockStatePark,shedneverhadthechanceseewhatcalledthegreatoutdoors.Bradlefthisgrandmother’shouseandwentbackhisroutine.Buthecouldn’thelpthinkingofGrandmaandhersadnessofnotseeingmoreof.Shejustlivedasimplelifethatstoppedattheedgeofthecountyline.Hethoughtitwouldbealifelongpityifhedidnther.Thenhecameupwithanideathatevenheknewwas24.Hewouldtakehis85-year-oldgrandmaonacampingtriptoanationalpark.Hetoldherhiscrazyidea.oldlady25himbyasking,“Whendoweleave?”Havingarrivedthere,Bradmadeacampfire.Theysatnexttoeachother,feelingthewarmthandlookingatstars.They26thelockboxoftheirpast,talkingaboutfamiliesandfriends,aboutlossandpain.Theytoldeachotherthey’dwastedtoomanyyearsbeing27.Sotheydecidedtoonmoretripstogether.Theyhavenowvisited62nationalparks.Theopenroadprovidedtimeforthepair28theirsecrets.GrandmaJoyhighlyvaluedBrad’scompanyduringthetrips.Shesaidwouldn’t29himforanybody.Now,they’renotjusttravelingpartners,notjustgrandmothergrandson,but30,16.A.missed17.A.thinking18.A.goalB.calledC.praisedC.askingD.metB.readingB.planD.expectingD.memoryD.creationD.succeededD.challengesD.cultureC.dream19.A.conversation20.A.agedB.partyC.picnicB.jokedC.hurriedC.wishes21.A.worries22.A.artB.regretsB.natureC.historyC.reachoutC.impracticalC.disappointedC.borrowedC.busy23.A.watchoutfor24.A.useless25.A.annoyed26.A.lostB.keepwithB.incorrectB.surprisedB.changedB.distantB.forgetD.stayawayfromD.unnecessaryD.embarrassedD.opened27.A.different28.A.keepD.politeC.shareD.record29.A.tradeB.blameC.mistakeC.relativesD.trouble80.A.strangersB.competitorsD.friendsⅢ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题230分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOften,thereisafalseideathatonemustbe“in-the-know”totrulyappreciateartworks.However,fineopensthedoortoeveryone.Learninghowtolookatandunderstandartworksrequiresustotakethetimeview,identifyandthink.LookattheArtAsthefirststep,it’snecessarytotakeamomentidentifytheartwork’sgeneralfeatures:●Isitapainting,sculptureorcraftwork?●Doesitappearchaotic(混乱的)ororganized?●Arethecolorsbrightorsoft?IdentifytheArtandArtistKnowingwhenorhowtheartworkwasmadeandlearningsomethingabouttheartistcanrevealmorecontext.WeallknowthefamouspaintingGuernicaisamasterpiececreatedbyPicassoin1937.However,ifwecanfindoutPicassocomposedthepaintingreflectabombingduringtheSpanishCivilWar,we’llknowmoreaboutitsanti-warmeaning.Evenifthehistoricalcontextofartworkisnotobvious,knowingtheyearofitscreationoffersmorecontext.ThinkAbouttheMeaningUsewhatyouobservedinfirsttwostepstothinkaboutmeaningstheartworkcouldhave.Considerwhatthetitle,thesubjects,orthesymbolsmeanttotheartistwhenheorshecreatedtheartwork.Whatdothecolorsabouttheartist,howdotheyapplythesubjectsinart?Forexample,owlsLebo’sworksrepresentwisdom,butwhytheybrightlycolored?Inaddition,howthemakesyoufeel.Manyartistshavespecificmeaningsbehindtheirart,butalsoencourageviewerstocomeupwiththeirownexplanations.Still,everyexplanationisnotautomaticallycorrect,whichiswhythetechniquesdescribedabovearehelpfulinfindingclues.Thenexttimeyou’readmiringaworkofart,keepthesetechniquesinmind,anditsmeaningmayunfoldbeforeyoureyes.31.Whatisthefirststepwhenviewingart?A.Doingsomeresearchontheartist.B.Beingin-the-know”abouttheworkC.Identifyingthework'sgeneralfeaturesD.Knowingtheyearofanartwork'screation32.Whenthinkingaboutthemeaningofartwork,youshould________.A.explainitfreelyB.chooseatitleforitC.describeittheviewersD.askhowmakesyoufeel33.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor________.A.museumB.galleryvisitorsC.professionalartistsD.exhibitionorganizersBAnuarAbdullahhasalwayshadaspecialfeelingfortheocean.the1980s,hesettledPerhentianasadivinginstructorandfellinlovewithcorals.Twicedaily,hewentoutsea,stayingunderwaterforaslongashisoxygensupplyallowed.Helearnedtheshapesandtextures(纹理)ofcoralreefslongbeforeheknewtheirLatinnames.Hestudiedthelivingconditionsthewatertemperature,thesunshine,thediversity(多样性)ofoceanlife—andsawhowjustoneofthosefactorscouldbringaboutlarge-scaledeath.Abdullahspenttwodecadesexperimentingwithhowtogrowcoralreefsintheocean.Hedidn’thaveadegreeinmarine(海洋的)biologyoraresearchlab,buthehadhisownways.Almostallmaterialsheusedtogrowcoralscamedirectlyfromtheocean.Hedidn'tusesteelpipesorbricks—whichhecouldntafford—instead,hegatheredrocksfromtheseafloor,pilingthemsotheywouldn’tbeknockeddownbytidalwaves.Whileothersmightdependonalabtobreaklivecoralintopiecesthatwereinturnusedforgrowing,hesearchedforbrokenpiecesofcoralinexistingreefsandfixedthemtherocksusinganimal-friendlyglue.Whenheneededothermaterials,hestartedbysearchingthebeachforwaste.Everyday,thelocalshimonhiskneesexaminingcoralstheocean.Sometimes,hepickeduparocktowhichhehadfixedapieceofcoralseveralweeksearlier,andsaidveryquietly,littleacropora(鹿角大珊瑚),howareyoudoingtoday?”Thelocalswhisperedabouthowhe’dspentdaysinthewaterspeakingcoralsasiftheywerepeople.“EveryonethoughtIwasstupid,”saidAbdullah,“ButIknewIdoingthemostimportantthinginworld.”Actually,Abdullahwasright.Now,inaworldrapidlylosingitscoralreefstoclimatechangeandenvironmentaldamage,hehasbecomeanincreasinglyinfluentialexpertonhowbringthembacktolife.ThousandshavetraveledfromaroundtheworldtolearnfromAbdullahhowgrowcorals,withsomeeventuallyleavingtheirjobstojoinhisprojectsfulltime.Withhis700activevolunteers,hehasalreadysavedabout125acresofcoralreefs34.Abdullahwentouttoseatwicedaily________.A.studycoralreefsB.havedivingtrainingC.checkhisoxygensupplyD.sharehisfeelingsforthesea35.Abdullahswayofgrowingcoralsis________,A.eco-friendlyandpracticalC.high-techaffordableB.traditionalandindirectD.scientificandexpensive36.FromthepassageweknowthatAbdullah________.A.searchedwastetomakealivingC.talkedtoeveryoneaboutcoralreefs37.Whatcanlearnfromthestory?A.Anyonewithadreamisamazing.C.Anindividualcanmakeadifference.B.receivedadegreemarinebiologyD.becameexpertoncoralprotectionB.Achievementprovidestruepleasure.D.Thestrongmanisstrongestwhenalone.CHaveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganizedormoresociable?Perhapsyou’reaconstantworrier,andyou’dprefertobealittlemorecarefree?Actuallyatleast2/3ofpeoplewouldlikechangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobefruitless.One’spersonalitywasthoughttobeformedinchildhoodandtoremainfixedthroughouthisentirelife.RecentresearchfrompsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagues,however,challengesthisexpectationofafixedpersonality.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,theysay,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheirdesiredpersonality.Theirinterventions(干预)typicallyinvolverecommendingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitytraits(特征)peoplewishadopt.Introvertswhowishbemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvesastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierinthesupermarket.Someonewishestobemoreorganizedanddisciplinedmightbeaskedcarefullydouble-checkanemailbeforesendingit,ortowriteato-dolistbeforegoingtobed.Whilethesetasksmayseeminsignificant,theaimisthethinkingpatternsandbehaviorstheyproducetobecomehabitual.Andtheevidencefarsuggestsitworksremarkablywell.one15-weektrialof400people,participantsacceptedanaverageoftwochallengeseachweek.Aftertheycompletedthosetasks,theirtraitsshiftedinthedesireddirection,accordingtoapersonalityquestionnaire(调查问卷).Theunexpectedpersonalitychangeshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable,organized,orhappy-go-lucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.Peoplealwaysbelievenegativefeelingsarejustpartoftheyare,andthereislittletheycandochangethem.Butwhatifeducatingpeopleabouttheirpotentialforpersonalitychangecouldplacethemonamorepositivetrack?Totestthisidea,Harvardprofessorofpsychology,JohnWeisz,andhispartnerselectedagroupof100teenagerswhohadpreviouslyshownsignsofanxietyordepression.Theytookacomputerizedcoursethatexplainedthescienceofbrainplasticity(可塑性),andwerethengivenworksheetsstrengthenwhattheyhadlearned.WhenWeiszcheckedontheteens’mentalhealthninemonthslater,thestudentsreportedasignificantdecreaseintheiranxietydepressioncomparedwiththosehadinsteadtakenpartinacourseon“emotionalexpression”.Whetheryouarestrugglingwithseriousissuesorsimplywanttopolishoffyourrougheredges,rememberthatcharacteriswithinyourownhandsandhavepowertobecomewhatyouwanttobe.38.Accordingtothepassage,anoldbeliefaboutpersonalityisthat________.A.mostpeoplearesatisfiedwiththeirpersonalityB.sociableororganizedpeoplearemorepopularC.childhoodhasnothingtodowithpersonalityD.peoplecan'tchangetheirpersonalitytraits39.InNathanHudson'sresearch,participants________.A.becamemoreawareoftheirmentalhealthB.formedthinkingpatternsandbehaviorsC.reportedtheircompletedtasksinthequestionnaireD.wereadvisedtoworkascashiersthesupermarket40.JohnWeisz’sstudyismentioned________Hudson’sresearch.A.questiontheresultofB.makeacomparisonwithC.explainthemethodusedinD.showadditionalbenefitof41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlethispassage?A.MentalIssues:MorethanMeetstheC.YourPersonalityShapesYourFutureB.Personality:ItIsNotSetinStoneD.AGreatCureforMentalProblemsDAcomerstoneofenvironmentalpolicyisthedebateoverprotectingnatureforhumans’sake(instrumentalvalues)ornature’s(intrinsicvalues).Weproposethatfocusingonlyoninstrumentalorintrinsicvaluesmayfailtoresonate(引起共鸣)viewsonpersonalandcollectivewell-being,or“whatisright,”aboutnatureandtheenvironment.istimetoengageseriouslywithathirdclassofvalues,onewithdiverserootsandcurrentexpressions:relationalvalues.Bydoingwereframethediscussionaboutenvironmentalprotection,andopenthedoortonew,potentiallymoreproductivepolicyapproaches.Inphilosophicalterms,relationalvaluesarepreferences,principles,andvirtuesassociatedwithrelationships,bothinterpersonalandasrequiredbypoliciesandsocialnorms.Relationalvaluescanapplytointeractionswithnature.Somepeople’sidentitiesarerootedinlong-termcareandstewardship,suchasvolunteerriver-keepers,gardenersorfarmers.Otherpeopleandsocialorganizationsholdworldviewsthatvaluekinship(亲属关系)betweenpeopleandnature.Theysubscribetotheconceptsof“MotherNature,”“MotherEarth,”andsoon.Also,manypeoplebelievethattheirculturalidentityandwell-beingoriginatefromtheirrelationshipswithhumanandnonhumanbeings,connectedbyparticularplaces.Caringforandattendingtoplacescanbeextremelyimportantmaintainingculturalpracticesandcorevalues.Accordingtheseviews,thevalueofthelandisnotindependentofhumans.Therefore,environmentalpolicyandmanagementshouldalwaysconsiderthekindsofrelationshipspeoplealreadyhavewithnature,howthesemightbeengagedtolessenthenegativeeffectsofhumanlifestylesonecosystemsandenhancepositiveones.Forexample,thebondbetweenparentorteacherandchildcanserveasachannelforsocialnorms,encouragingrespectandpassionfornature,throughactivitiesincludingfishingandhunting,gardening,hiking,orbird-watching.Itisalsopossibledevelopvaluesandrelationshipsthroughlong-termandrepeatedexperienceswithpeer(同伴)groups,bylaboringonthelandortakingpartinoutdooradventure.Bondingisstrengthenedthroughplay,struggling,suffering,andcelebratingtogether.Relationalvaluesarefinallyreceivingattention.Ifactivists,researchers,policymakers,andprivate-sectorleadersinternalizethismessage,perhapsenvironmentaldecisionswillbetteraccountforourrelationshipswithnatureandmanyconceptsofagoodlife.Attendingtosuchvaluesiskeytotherealinclusionofdiversegroupsinenvironmentalprotection,andachievingsocial-ecologicalrelationshipsthatprovidefulfillinglivesforpresentandfuturegenerations.42.Accordingtotheauthor,relationalvalues________.A.aretraditionalexpressionswithalonghistoryB.provideproductivephilosophicalapproachesC.helpreflectontherightviewsaboutprotectingnatureD.provetobeaneffectivewayimprovetheenvironment43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stewardship”Paragraph3mean?A.Management.B.Friendship.C.Application.D.Happiness.44.Whatcanlearnfromthispassage?A.Outdooradventuremaydamagesocialrelationships.B.Theparent-childbondusuallyleadsnewsocialnorms.C.Thevalueofthelandisrelatedtohumaninteractionswithit.D.Humanlifestyleswillhavemorenegativeeffectsonecosystems.45.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toencourageenvironmentalprotectionthroughgroupwork.B.Toproposenewvaluesforenvironmentalpolicymaking.C.Tostresstheimportanceofabetterlivingenvironment.D.Tocomparedifferentenvironmentalprotectionvalues.第Ⅱ卷(共分)Ⅰ.选词填空(共7小题；每小题214分)用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。firmtruebravesleepsurvivecreatefrighten46.Hewasgivenamedalhis________inthebattle.47.Withapaleface,Amytoo________describethecaraccidenttothepolice.48.Idon’tthinkyouaretellingmethewhole________aboutwhathappened.49.Whenyoufirstmeetsomeone,besuretoshakehishand________andlookdirectlyintohiseyeswithasmile.50.Researcherssaythatthetreesnowhavea________rateof85%.51.InthepaintingStarryNight,weseea________villageandadark,lonelytreebeneaththeamazingsky.52.________inkingisveryimportantforadvertisementdesign.Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题110分)在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。53.________(hear)thisnews,Marygotextremelyexcited.54.Whenheenteredhisoffice,hefoundwindow________(break).55.Therearemany________(share)bikesattheentranceofthesubway.56.Youshouldnotrisk________(lose)yourcurrentbytryingtogetanewone.57.Askingquestions________(be)theeasiesttopromoteactivelearning.58.Gracewillneverforgettheday________wasadmittedtheuniversity.59.Theconstantlyrisingsealevelisoneofthereasons________wemusttakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.60.YuanLongpingwasanadmirableagriculturalscientist,from________manyyoungpeoplehavedrawngreatinspiration.61.Iwonder________Ishouldaccepttheofferornot.62.Itiswidelybelieved________childrenwillhavebetterexamresultsinschooliftheylearnreadearly.Ⅲ.完成句子(共5小题；第636426566题每题313分)根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。63.我们的车在回家的路上坏了。(breakdown)_______________________________________________________________________________________64.由于天气恶劣，这个航班取消了。(dueto)_______________________________________________________________________________________65.世界上很多大城市都交通堵塞为患。(sufferfrom)_______________________________________________________________________________________66.我买不起这本书了，因为我的钱用完了。(runoutof)_______________________________________________________________________________________67.经理不在的时候，他将负责这个部门的工作。(takechargeof)_______________________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.阅读表达(共4小题；每小题28分)阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Tom’swifeusuallydoestheshopping,butshehadtheflusoTomwentinstead.Selectingthefruitsandvegetableswentfine,butwhenhegotthebreadsection,hehadtrouble,becausetherewereover60varietiestochoosefrom.Tomcompareddifferenttypesandexaminedthedifferences.After10minutesofcarefulconsideration,hepickedonethatseemedliketheperfectchoice.However,hehadrepeattheprocessfortherestoftheshoppinglist.Bythetimehehadfinishedandpaidforeverything,hewastiredandupset.WhydidTomhavethiskindofexperience?Accordingtobehavioraleconomicsresearch,althoughhavingsomeoptionsmakesusfeelgood,oncewegetbeyondthatsmallnumber,themorechoiceswehave,thelesshappywefeel.Thecauseofourunhappinesshasitsrootinonetypicaljudgmenterrorwemakeournaturalreactionspreferavoidinglossestomakinggains.Thisisprobablybecauseofourevolutionary(进化的)background;ourmindsevolvedthesavanna(热带草原)environment,notourmodemshoppingcontext.Duethis,whenwehavelotsofoptions,wefeelanxiousaboutmakingwrongchoiceandlosingoutonthebestone.Diggingintoresearchfactorsthatmakeashoppingtripunhappyexperiencehelpsusimproveourbuyingdecisions.Whenchoosingwhatbuy,thenumberonetechniqueinvolvessatisficinginsteadofmaximizing.Maximizingbehaviorreferstofindingtheperfectoptionwhenshopping.Maximizerscompareallavailableoptionstomakesurethattheygetthebestdealintermsofperformance,price,andon.Theyhavehighexpectations,andtheyhopethattheproductwillmeettheirexpectations.It’stheoppositeforsatisficers.Theysetcertainminimalcriteria(最低标准)thatneedbemet,thensearchforthefirstavailableproductthatmeetsthecriteria.Theylookforproductsthatare“goodenough”insteadof“perfect”.Whentheyfocuson“goodenough”,