外研版中考英语复习第八章构词法教学课件

第八章构词法考点导图考点精讲精练考点1合成法【概念】合成法是由两个或更多的词组成一个新的单词，用连字符“-”连接或直接连写在一起。类别构成举例合成名词名词+名词housewife家庭主妇，headache头痛名词+动名词handwriting笔迹，sightseeing观光形容词+名词highway公路，mainland大陆续表类别构成举例合成动词形容词/副词+动词ill-treat虐待，overcome克服名词+动词sidetrack阻止，babysit照料（孩子）合成形容词名词+形容词duty-free免税的，worldwide遍布全世界的形容词+名词high-level高级的，full-time专职的形容词+名词+-edwhite-haired白发的,warm-hearted热心的续表类别构成举例合成形容词名词/形容词+现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的,good-looking好看的名词+过去分词heartbroken心碎的,man-made人造的形容词+过去分词new-born新生的,ready-made现成的副词+过去分词well-known著名的,widespread分布广的数词+名词first-class一流的,second-hand二手的数词+名词+形容词two-year-old两岁的,two-meter-long两米长的续表类别构成举例合成副词形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词＋副词everywhere到处,anyhow无论如何副词＋副词however然而介词＋名词beforehand预先介词＋副词forever永远合成代词代词宾格＋-self/-selveshimself他自己，themselves他们自己物主代词＋-self/-selvesmyself我自己，yourselves你们自己形容词＋名词anything任何事，somebody某人续表类别构成举例合成介词副词＋名词outside外面介词＋副词without没有副词＋介词upon在……上面()1.TomorrowisNationalDay.Everyoneislookingforwardtothe_______holiday.A.seven-days B.seven-day C.sevendays ()2.Mrs.Brownissucha(n)_______woman.Shealwaysappearswhenweneedhelp.A.good-looking B.ready-made C.peace-loving D.warm-heartedBD()3.Helenisavery_______novelist(小说家)inAustralia.Herbooksaresoldwell.A.well-dressed B.well-known C.well-born D.well-behavedBworldwideheadachewell-knowngrandfathergood-lookinghousewifewithout4.Johndranktoomuchalcohol(酒)lastnight,sohehadaserious______________thismorning.5.Itisa______________factthatbambooispandas'favoritefood.headachewell-known6.Inthepast,womenservedas___________whilemenusuallymademoney.7.Afterthestormwewere___________electricityforfivedays.8.Wehaveofficesinover56countries___________.housewiveswithoutworldwide考点2派生法【概念】派生法是指在词根上加词缀而构成新词，有前缀法和后缀法。1.前缀法：前缀一般改变词义，不改变词性前缀意义举例dis-,im-,in-,mis-,non-,un- 表示“否定；相反”dislike不喜欢，impossible不可能的，inexpensive价钱公道的，misunderstand误会，nonsense胡说，unhappy不开心的re-表示“重复；再”replay重播，rewrite重写micro-表示“微型的”microbiology微生物学，microsecond微秒inter- 表示“互相；在……之间” international国际的，interview面试【注意】个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化。（1）“en-+形容词/名词”构成动词。例enlarge扩大，encourage鼓励（2）“a-+动词”构成形容词。例asleep睡着，awake醒着2.后缀法：后缀一般改变词性，不改变词义（1）常见的名词后缀：后缀意义 举例-or，-er，-ist，-ian表示“从事某种职业的人”actor演员，worker工人，scientist科学家，musician音乐家-ing 表示“状态；行为”shopping购物，building建筑-ment 表示“……的行为或结果”agreement同意，development发展-ness，-th，-ty表示“状态；性质”happiness幸福，truth真相，safety安全-tion表示“动作”competition比赛，prediction预测-ship表示“关系”membership会员身份，friendship友谊（2）常见的形容词后缀：后缀意义 举例-able 表示“能……的”suitable适合的，believable可相信的-al表示“……的 traditional传统的，personal私人的-ful 表示“有……性质的；充满……的” useful有用的，colorful鲜艳的-less 表示“没有；无”helpless无助的，homeless无家可归的-ive 表示“……性质的”active活跃的，expensive昂贵的-ly 表示“特性”friendly友好的，lovely可爱的-y表示“有……特性的；多……的” healthy健康的，sunny天气晴朗的-ous表示“属性”dangerous危险的，famous有名的（3）常见的动词后缀：（4）常见的副词后缀为“-ly”。例happily开心地，quickly快地后缀意义 举例-en表示“变成”shorten缩短，darken变黑-fy表示“使……化”beautify美化，purify提纯-ize表示“使……成为”realize意识到，organize组织()1.Lookatbothsidesoftheroad_______whenyoucrosstheroad.A.care B.careful C.carefully ()2.Theperformancetonightwasagreat_______.Thebandbecamefamousovernight.A.success B.successful C.succeedCA()3.Manystrangersgavetheboyhelpinghandswhenhewasin_______.A.danger B.dangerously C.dangerous()4.Thehotwordyyds_______someoneorsomethingyouloveandnothingcanbeatit.A.means B.meaning C.meaningful AAenjoyagreesadtraditionwidecouragehome5.Everyonelovesapersonaltouch.Itmakes________memories.(2023湖南长沙改编)6.AlsoinShanghai,TongjiUniversityhasprovidedforeignstudentswithsomechancestoplantdifferentkindsofherbs（草药）thatwere________usedinChinesemedicineandcooking.(2023湖北武汉改编)enjoyablewidely7.Jackfelthis__________andangerrisinginsidehim.(2023江苏扬州改编)8.Threehundredpeoplewere_______________becauseoftheearthquake.9.________________cultureslikeChinesepaper-cuttingaredeeplylovedbystudents.sadnesshomelessTraditional考点3转化法【概念】转化法是指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。这种转化并不改变单词的拼写，有一词多义现象。1.名词转化为动词例bookn.书→v.预定 watern.水→v.浇水landn.土地→v.着陆 sleepn.睡眠→v.睡觉2.动词转化为名词例talkv.交谈→n.谈话 lookv.看→n.外表walkv.步行→n.散步helpv.帮助→n.帮助3.形容词转化为动词例dryadj.干燥的→v.(使)变干clearadj.清澈的→v.清理correctadj.正确的→v.纠正openadj.开着的→v.打开()1.Theplanewill_______inGuangzhouin20minutesandwecanseeMomsoon.A.get B.land C.fly D.hope()2.Johnleftthebuildingwiththe_______on.Itwasawasteofelectricity.A.shoes B.watches C.beds D.lightsBD()3.Weshouldbebraveand_______big.Nothingisimpossible.A.dream B.fight C.see D.make()4.Peter'snew_______makeseveryoneshocked.Hehasmadeabigdifference.A.talk B.start C.change D.sleepACfaceinfluencewatchbookopenwastehand5.Mybrother________aseatontheInternetquicklyandhelpeduscarrythesuitcase.6.Howdoyouknowthetimeifyoudon'tweara________?7.Itisapityto________thefood.8.Before________inyourtestpaper,youneedtocheckitcarefully.9.Johnalways________thedifficultiesbravelyandheispositivetowardslife.bookedwatchwastehandingfaces考点4缩写和简写(课标新增)【概念】缩写和简写（也被称为“截断法”或“缩短法”）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。1.月份、星期及序数词月份缩写月份缩写星期缩写序数词缩写JanuaryJan.AugustAug.MondayMon.first1stFebruaryFeb.SeptemberSept.TuesdayTues.second2ndMarchMar.OctoberOct.WednesdayWed.third3rdAprilApr.NovemberNov.ThursdayThur.fourth4thMayMayDecemberDec.FridayFri.twentieth20thJuneJun.SaturdaySat.twenty-first21stJulyJul.SundaySun.fifty-fifth55th2.国家、国际组织类PRC：中华人民共和国（People'sRepublicofChina）UK：英国（UnitedKingdom）USA：美国（UnitedStatesofAmerica）EU：欧洲联盟/欧盟（EuropeanUnion）UN：联合国（UnitedNations）WTO：世界贸易组织/世贸组织（WorldTradeOrganization）WHO：世界卫生组织（WorldHealthOrganization）FBI：美国联邦调查局（FederalBureauofInvestigation）3.其他常见缩写Ad：广告（Advertisement）DIY：自己动手/自助服务（DoItYourself）Add.：地址（Address） ID：身份证明（Identification）BBQ：烧烤（Barbecue） P.E.：体育（PhysicalEducation）IQ：智商（IntelligenceQuotient）EQ：情商（EmotionalQuotient）No.：号码/编号（Number）DNA：脱氧核糖核酸（DeoxyribonucleicAcid）WC：厕所（WaterCloset）UFO：不明飞行物（UnidentifiedFlyingObject）CCTV：中国中央电视台（ChinaCentralTelevision）CBA：中国男子篮球职业联赛（ChinaBasketballAssociation）NBA：美国篮球职业联赛（NationalBasketballAssociation）VIP：贵宾（VeryImportantPerson）语篇考点专练一、语法选择主题：英国人Oliver开太极学校难度：★★建议用时：6mins Likemanyotherforeigners,RosaOliver'sfirsttouchofChineseTaiChicamefrompopularkungfumovies.However,shehasbecomeaTaiChimasterherself,teachingittobothChineseand__1__students. Oliver'sjourneywithTaiChibeganinherearlytwenties,whenherbackachewasalwaystroublingherandshewasturningtoanexercise.()1.A.national B.international C.nationBThenshediscoveredtheTaiChiclassesbyaccidentanddecidedtotrythe“mysterious（神秘的）”easternsport.Oliverfellinlovewiththe__2__movement(运动)ofTaiChirightaway.Toherjoy,shefoundthatherbackpainsdisappeared__3__yearsofpractice. Oliverlatermet__4__husband,whowasalsoherTaiChiteacher.Intheearly1990s,thecoupleopenedtheirownTaiChischoolintheUK.()2.A.beautiful B.beautifully C.beauty()3.A.before B.for C.after()4.A.she B.hers C.herACCTofurtherunderstandTaiChi,theydecided__5__ajourneytoChina.However,threeyearsaftermovingtoShanghaiin2000,herhusbanddied,leavingheralonetoworkonTaiChi. The58-year-oldBritishwomanrecalledthatitwas__6__hardtimeforher.However,shewas___7___thankfultoChinesefriendsinShanghai.()5.A.tostart B.start C.starting()6.A.a B.an C.the()7.A.real B.really C.realityAAB“My__8__wouldnotcomewithoutmyChinesefriendswhosupportedmethroughthepainfulprocess.Theydidn'ttreatmelikeaforeigner,butratherlikeafriend,”Oliversaid. In2005,OliversetuptheDoubleDragonAllianceCulturalCenter,whichactsasabridgeforforeignpeopletogetabetterunderstandingofChineseculturesuchas__9__ChinesemedicineandPekingOpera.

Oliver__10__herdeeploveforculturalexchange.Andshehopedtospreadherworkinthisarea.（2023湖南永州改编）()8.A.success B.succeed C.successful()9.A.tradition B.traditional C.traditionally()10.A.expressesB.isexpressing C.expressedABC二、短文填空主题：报纸分类难度：★★建议用时：6mins 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。successphotoofficeothersuchinformationtheybeginusualknowreadmillion NewspapersinBritaincanbedividedintothequalitynewspapers(高质量报纸)andthepopularnewspapers.Qualitynewspapersareforreaderswhowant__1__onpublicthings.Theyhavenationalandinternationalnews,andfinancial(金融的)reports.Theyalsohavesports,culturalevents,travelnewsandbookreviews. Popularnewspapersarealso__2__astabloids(小报).Peoplew