浙江省湖州市德清县第二中学2020-2021学年高一英语下学期返校考试试题（含解析）

浙江省湖州市德清县第二中学20202021学年高一英语下学期返校考试试题（含解析）说明：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2.所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共110分）第一部分：听力（共两节20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemandoing?A.Workingonaproject.B.Practisingaspeech.C.Givingapresentation.2.Whydoesthewomanseemtoknowalotfortomorrow’stest?A.Shestudiedhard.B.Shedreamedaboutit.C.Shehasseenthetestpaper.3.HowlongdoesittaketogettoWashingtonbytrain?A.60minutes.B.80minutes.C.90minutes.4.Wheredoesthemanprobablylivenow?A.InLosAngeles.B.InManhattan.C.InWashington.5.WhenwillMr.Addisonreturn?A.OnMondayafternoon.B.OnThursdaynight.C.OnFridaymorning.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Havingajobinterview.B.Takingfitnesstraining.C.Makingweekendplans.7.Whatistheman'sfavoritesport?A.Running.B.Swimming.C.Football.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Customerandsaleswoman.9Whatdoesthemanorderintheend?A.Cheesesalads.B.Chickensalads.C.Fruitsalads.听第8段村料，回答10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A.Howtodecoratetheapartment.B.Whentomoveintotheapartment.C.Whethertoliveinsuchkindofapartment.11.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedepartment?A.Itisnotfarfromamuseum.B.Itiswellequippedwithmodernfurniture.C.Itislargerthantheonewheretheyarelivingnow.12.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardstheapartment?A.Heisfondofit.B.Heiscuriousaboutit.C.Heisuninterestedinit.听第9段材料，回第13至16题。13.Whereisthemanworkingnow?A.Inauniversity.B.IntheNationalBank.C.InaFrenchpany.14.Whatlanguageisthewomanteachingnow?A.Spanish.B.German.C.Italian.15.Howmanychildrendoesthemanhave?A.2.B.3.C.4.16.Whowillattendschoolintheautumn?A.Sue.B.Billy.C.Tim.听第10材料，回答17至20题。17.WhydidthemangotoBritain?A.Tovisithisfriends.B.Togotouniversity.C.Tospendhisvacation.18.WhydoBritishstudentstakeagapyearthesedays?A.Togetachancetotravel.B.Togainexperienceandconfidence.C.Topayfortheirstudyatuniversity.19.Whatdouniversityteachersthinkofgapyearstudents?A.Theydobetterintheexams.B.Theyaremoreindependentinlife.C.Theyoftenworkharderintheirstudy.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.ThegapyearinBritain.B.ThecampuslifeinBritain.C.HisstudyexperienceinBritain.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJapanesebusinessmanKatsuoInouechoseItalyforhissummervacationthisyear.HeenjoyedtheviewsofFlorenceandRome—withouteverleavingTokyo.Inoueandhiswife“flew”toItalyonFirstAirlines,apanyknownforentertainment,nottransportation.TheTokyobasedpanyenteredthegrowingvirtualreality(虚拟现实)market,aspeoplefacetravelrestrictions(限制)becauseofCOVID19.“Ioftengooverseasonbusiness,butIhaven’tbeentoItaly,”InouetoldtheReutersNews.“MyimpressionwasrathergoodbecauseIgotasenseofactuallyseeingthingsthere.”The“passengers”onFirstAirlinessitinthefirstorbusinessclassareasofan“airplane”.Theyareevengivenalifevestandoxygenmask.Workersservemealsanddrinksaslargescreensshowpassingcloudsandotherviewsoutsidetheairplane.The“travelers”thenreceivevirtualrealityeyewearthatprovidestruetolifetoursofplaceslikeParis,NewYork,HawaiiandRomeandotherItaliancities.Japanhasrecordedover50,000infections(感染)andjustover1,000deaths.AsecondwaveofinfectionsstartinginJulyhasstoppedmosttravelinandoutthecountry.Thecountry’sbiggestairline,ANAHoldings,saidthenumbersofpassengersflyingtoforeigncountriesfellby96percentinJune.AndtheInternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA)predictedlastmonththatitwouldtakeuntiltheyear2024forinternationaltraveltorecover.ButHiroakiAbe,presidentofFirstAirlinessays,“Ourbusinesshasincreasedby50percentsincethestartofthetravelrestrictions.WegetsomecustomerswhonormallytraveltoHawaiieveryyearandtheycanexperiencesomeofthathere.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutInoue’striptoItaly?A.Itwasatriponbusiness. B.Itwasavirtualvisit.C.Itwashisfirsttripbyplane. D.Itwasagainstthetravelrestrictions.2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Customers’mentsonthetrip.B.Safetyrulestofollowduringthetrip.C.Businessadvantagesofvirtualvacations.D.Thepany’sservicestomakethetripreal.3.WhatdoesHiroakiAbesayaboutvirtualtrip?A.Itmaydisappearby2024.B.Itscustomersarehardtoplease.C.Itsmarketwillsurelybeebigger.D.Itmeetscustomers’needinthespecialtime.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Ablogpost.C.Atravelbrochure. D.Abusinessadvertisement.【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了日本游客可以在模拟飞机内“虚拟度假”。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“HeenjoyedtheviewsofFlorenceandRome—withouteverleavingTokyo.（他在不离开东京的情况下，尽情享受着佛罗伦萨和罗马的景色。）”以及第三段“MyimpressionwasrathergoodbecauseIgotasenseofactuallyseeingthingsthere.（我这次的体验相当好，因为有一种实实在在看到美景的感觉。）”可知，井上的意大利之行是一次虚拟访问。故选B项。【2题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Theyareevengivenalifevestandoxygenmask.Workersservemealsanddrinksaslargescreensshowpassingcloudsandotherviewsoutsidetheairplane.The“travelers”thenreceivevirtualrealityeyewearthatprovidestruetolifetoursofplaceslikeParis,NewYork,HawaiiandRomeandotherItaliancities.（他们甚至得到了救生衣和氧气面罩。工作人员提供食物和饮料，大屏幕上显示着掠过的云层和飞机外的其他景色。然后，这些“旅行者”会佩戴虚拟现实眼镜，逼真地游览巴黎、纽约、夏威夷、罗马和其他意大利城市。）”以及整段内容可知，第四段主要讲了公司的服务使旅行真实。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ourbusinesshasincreasedby50percentsincethestartofthetravelrestrictions.WegetsomecustomerswhonormallytraveltoHawaiieveryyearandtheycanexperiencesomeofthathere.（自从旅行限制开始以来，我们的业务增长了50%。我们每年都会接待一些通常会去夏威夷旅游的顾客，他们可以在这里体验一下。）”可判断，HiroakiAbe认为虚拟旅行可以满足客户在特殊时期的需求。故选D项。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Ioftengooverseasonbusiness,butIhaven’tbeentoItaly,”InouetoldtheReutersNews.（井上告诉路透社记者：“我经常出国出差，但我从没去过意大利。”）”可判断，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选A项。BFriendsareimportanttochildren.Researchshowsthatchildrenwhohavenofriendscansufferfromdifficultieslaterinlife.Friendshipprovideschildrenwithmorethanjustfun.Inmakingfriends,childrenlearnhowtogetintouchwithothersandsolveproblems.Havingfriendsevendoesgoodtochildrenfortheycanhelpeachotherduringclass.Iftheparentsareconcernedaboutwhethertheirchildrenmakemanyfriends,whatmattersisthatthechildisfortableandhappywithhisfriends.Parentsneedtounderstandthestepschildrentakeinbuildingfriendships.Firstofall,beafriendtoyourchild.Goodfriendshipsstartathome.Childrenbegintodevelopthenecessaryabilitytogooutandmeetothersthroughgettingalongwiththeirparents.Greetthechildwarmlyandlethimknowyouaregladtoseehim.Childrenlearnalotfromhowtheirparentsstaywiththemandotherpeople.Teachchildrenhowtosolveconflicts.Beingabletoworkoutconflictsisanimportantskillingettingalongwithothers.Ifparentsknowthechildrenhaveaconflict,letthemworkitoutontheirown.Onlystepinifitisreallynecessary,forexample,anargumentisgettingphysical.Givechildrenchancestopracticestayingtogether.Havechildrenplaygamesthatrequirecooperation.Forexample,racesarefunandprovideplentyofpracticeinteamwork.Encouragechildrentoshowthankstoothers.Theparentscanencouragechildrentodothisbysettingtheexampleforthem.5.Accordingtothearticle,ifonechildhasnofriend,hewill________.A.havesometroubleinthefuture B.worryabouteverythinginthefutureC.notknowtheimportanceofmakingfriends D.notfindanybodytohelphim6.FriendshipcanbehelpfultothechildrenЕХCЕРТ________.A.providingalotoffun B.gettingintouchwithothersC.solvingtheproblems D.helpingtocheatintheexams7.Whenthechildrendisagreewitheachother,theparentsshould________.A.letthemfightwitheachotheruntiltheyfindwhoisthewinnerB.donothingtothechildrenandbelieveintheirabilitiesC.letthemworkitoutbythemselvesandhelpifnecessaryD.talkwiththemandtrytofindgoodwaystostaytogether8.Fromthetextwecanknowagoodfriendshouldknowhowto________.A.fallinlovewitheachother B.showthankstoothersC.exchangetheirpresents D.ignoretheirdifferences【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了朋友对孩子们来说非常重要，父母应该鼓励孩子多交朋友。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchshowsthatchildrenwhohavenofriendscansufferfromdifficultieslaterinlife.(研究表明，没有朋友的孩子在以后的生活中会遇到困难)”可知，没有朋友的孩子会在将来遇到困难。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Friendshipprovideschildrenwithmorethanjustfun.Inmakingfriends,childrenlearnhowtogetintouchwithothersandsolveproblems.Havingfriendsevendoesgoodtochildrenfortheycanhelpeachotherduringclass.(友谊给孩子们带来的不仅仅是乐趣。在交朋友的过程中，孩子们学习如何与他人联系，如何解决问题。有朋友甚至对孩子们有好处，因为他们可以在课堂上互相帮助)”可知，友谊可以让孩子们有很多乐趣，学习如何和别人相处，如何解决问题，但是这不包括帮助别人作弊。故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ifparentsknowthechildrenhaveaconflict,letthemworkitoutontheirown.Onlystepinifitisreallynecessary,forexample,anargumentisgettingphysical.(如果父母知道孩子之间有冲突，让他们自己解决。只有在确实有必要的时候才介入，例如，争吵变成了肢体冲突)”可知，当孩子的意见不一致的时候，父母应该让他们自己解决，如果有必要就帮助。故选C。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Encouragechildrentoshowthankstoothers.Theparentscanencouragechildrentodothisbysettingtheexampleforthem.(鼓励孩子向他人表达感谢。父母可以通过为孩子树立榜样来鼓励他们这样做)”可知，作为朋友应该知道如何去表达感谢。故选B。CAformerteacherwhowentontojointhenavydiscoveredtheinfluencehissmallactofkindnesshadononestudentthankstoachancemeetingyearslater.Sharingthestoryonline,themansaidwhileteachingsciencein2014and2015,therewasonegirlwhosatatthefrontoftheclassandwas“filledwithtypicalmiddleschoolanxiety”.Shewasquietand“kepttoherself”,butwasalwayswritinginanotebookduringlessons.Hesaid,“Idecidedtolookoverhershoulderandseewhatshewaswriting.”Isuck.I’mugly.I’mstupid.Noonelikesme.Ihateme.etc.‟Withoutthinking,Itookthenotebookfromherandstartedwritinginit.”You’regreat;you’rebeautiful;you’reintelligent;you’reloved,“theoppositeofeverythingshewrote,thenhandeditback.”Hesaidneitherofthemmadeabigdealofitatthetime,butsheslowlystartedopeninguptohim,talkingmoreandingoutofhershellinclass.Fastforwardafewyears,theteacherwasinthenavy,servingontheothersideofthecountry.Onedaywhenhetalkedtoawomantheydiscoveredtheywerefromthesamearea.Theyrealizedhehadtaughtatthesameschoolhercousinattendedandsheaskedifherememberedteachingher.Aftertellingthestoryaboutthenotebook,thewomanreplied,“Itisyou.Shestillhasthatnotebook.Shelooksatittimetotimetogetherthroughthetoughtimes.”Inthestoryhewrote,“Iwasamazed.Ialmoststartedcryingrightthere.Teachersalwaystalkabouthowrareitistohearfromstudentsinthefutureabouthowtheyinfluencedthem.IonlytaughtforafewyearsbutIreallytriedandreallycared.Eventhoughthatpathdidn’tturnouthowIhadplanned,it’sfortingtoknowthatIdidsomegoodinthattime.”9.Whatattractedtheattentionoftheteacher?A.Thegirlwasuglyandnoonelikedher.B.Thegirldidn’tspeaktoherclassmatesinclass.C.Thegirlsittingatthefrontoftheclasswasactive.D.Thegirlkeptquietandwritinginhernotebookduringlessons.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsmeaninparagraph3?A.Nolongerfeelinginspired. B.Nolongerkeepingsilent.C.Nolongerhidingintheshell. D.Nolongerwritinginanotebook.11.Whydidtheauthorfeelamazed?A.Becausehisformerjobdidnotmeethisexpectation.B.Becauseheonlytaughtforafewyearsbuthesucceeded.C.Becausehelearnedhowhehadinfluencedaformerstudent.D.Becausehemetthecousinofastudenthetaughtafewyearsago.12.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Encouragementcanmakeagreatdifference.B.It’sunusualthatastudentlacksconfidence.C.Studentsusuallydon’tmunicatewiththeirteachers.D.Almostallstudentshaveexperiencedmiddleschoolanxiety.【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个之前做过教师的人，因自己无心的善举给了一个小女孩很大的帮助。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“…therewasonegirlwhosatatthefrontoftheclassandwas“filledwithtypicalmiddleschoolanxiety”.Shewasquietand“kepttoherself”,butwasalwayswritinginanotebookduringlessons.”（有一个坐在教室前排的女孩，充满了典型的中学焦虑。她很安静，不与别人来往，但上课时总是在笔记本上写东西。）及第三段首句“Hesaid,‘Idecidedtolookoverhershoulderandseewhatshewaswriting.’”（他说，我决定越过她的肩膀看看她在写什么。）可知，吸引这位教师的吸引力的原因是“上课时，这个女孩保持安静，一直在笔记本上写东西”。故选D项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句前半句“Hesaidneitherofthemmadeabigdealofitatthetime,butsheslowlystartedopeninguptohim”（他说他们当时都没把这当回事，但她慢慢地开始对他敞开心扉），敞开心扉的方式是说更多的话和跳出自己的壳，划线词表达意思即为“不再保持沉默”。故选B项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“…‘Iwasamazed.Ialmoststartedcryingrightthere.Teachersalwaystalkabouthowrareitistohearfromstudentsinthefutureabouthowtheyinfluencedthem…’”（“我”很惊讶。我差点就哭了。老师们总是说，将来很少能听到学生讲述他们是如何影响自己的）可知，通过这位教师的经历，作者得知了“这位教师是如何影响了以前的学生”，这让作者很触动，故选C项。【12题详解】推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位教师无心的善举给了一个小女孩很大的帮助，在这位女孩的笔记本上自我评价为“‘我’很糟糕；‘我’丑；‘我’愚蠢”，改为“你很棒；你美丽；你聪明”，就是这样小小的鼓励给这位女孩很大的影响，可推断出“鼓励可以产生很大的不同”。故选A项。DAdayinthelifeof18yearoldDavidLansterisfullofteenageactivities:school,baseballpractice,homework.Andthenhestartscooking."SomenightsI'mupuntilIammakingpies,orevenlaterifwe'recookingbeef,"saidthestudentatRansomEvergladesHighSchoolinFlorida,US.Forthepastyear,LansterandKellyMoran,hisclassmate,havebeenhostingfancydinnerpartiesatLanster'sparents'home.Theirmealshave17coursesandareallmadebythem.Theirguestsusedtogivethemgiftstothankthem,untilthepairdecidedtodosomethingniceforcharity."WegotsomereallygreatMiamiHeattickets,anicewatch,andmanykitchenmachines,"Lanstersaid."Butwewantedtomakethissomethingpositiveforpeopleratherthanus."LansterandMoranfocusedonmonThreads,acharitythathelpstoteachkidsinpoorneighbourhoodtocookandmakehealthyeatingchoices.Theyoungcooksasktheirgueststogivehowevermuchtheywantaspaymentfortheirmeals.ItallgoestomonThreadsbecauseLanster'sparentscovertheirfoodcosts.Aftertheirlast12personevent,LansterandMorangave$1,600tothecharity.Now,they'retakingtheirshowoutofthekitchenandontheroad.LansterandMoranhavestartedtoorganiseprivatedinnerpartiesinasimilarway:thehostpaysfortheingredients(食材),andtheguestsmakeadonation(捐赠)toacharity.Outsidethekitchen,thetwoarebusypreparingtheircollegeapplications.Neitherissurewhattheywilldointhefuture,butthey'vepromisedtheirparentsthatthey'llleavecookingaloneuntiltheyfinishhighschool.13.WhydoesLansterandMorancooknow?A.Togetgiftsfromguests.B.Tomakehealthiereatingchoices.C.Tobeecooks.D.Toraisemoneyforcharity.14.WhatcanweinferaboutLansterandMoran?A.Theywillgiveupcookingforever.B.Theyaresureabouttheirfuturejobs.C.Theywillstopcookingforcollegeapplications.D.Theirparentssupportcookingasajob.15.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLansterandMoran?A.Selfishandreliable. B.Confidentandcareful.C.Creativeandhelpful. D.Outgoingandpatient.16.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HelpingbyCooking B.EatasYouWishC.AGreatCook D.CookingforSchoolFees【答案】13.D14.C15.C16.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了兰斯特和莫兰热衷于厨艺，并以举办私人晚宴的方式来为慈善团体筹款的故事。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“LansterandMoranfocusedonmonThreads,acharitythathelpstoteachkidsinpoorneighbourhoodtocookandmakehealthyeatingchoices.(兰斯特和莫兰关注的是monThreads，这是一个帮助教育贫困地区的孩子做饭和选择健康饮食的慈善机构)”和“thehostpaysfortheingredients(食材),andtheguestsmakeadonation(捐赠)toacharity(主人支付食材费用，客人们向慈善机构捐款)”可知，兰斯特和莫兰现在要做饭是为慈善事业筹款。故选D。14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Outsidethekitchen,thetwoarebusypreparingtheircollegeapplications.Neitherissurewhattheywilldointhefuture,butthey'vepromisedtheirparentsthatthey'llleavecookingaloneuntiltheyfinishhighschool.(在厨房外，两人正忙着准备大学申请。他们都不确定自己将来会做什么，但他们已经向父母承诺，在高中毕业之前，不会再做饭了)”可判断，为了申请大学，他们将停止烹饪。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theirmealshave17coursesandareallmadebythem.(他们的饭菜有17道菜，都是他们自己做的)”可判断，他们很有创造性；以及“Theirguestsusedtogivethemgiftstothankthem,untilthepairdecidedtodosomethingniceforcharity.(他们的客人过去会送礼物来感谢他们，直到这两人决定为慈善事业做些好事)”可判断，他们乐于帮助別人。故选C。16题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“LansterandMoranhavestartedtoorganiseprivatedinnerpartiesinasimilarway:thehostpaysfortheingredients(食材),andtheguestsmakeadonation(捐赠)toacharity.(兰斯特和莫兰开始以类似的方式组织私人晚宴：主人支付食材费用，客人们向慈善机构捐款)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了兰斯特和莫兰热衷于厨艺，并以举办私人晚宴的方式来为慈善团体筹款的故事。所以“HelpingbyCooking(通过烹饪帮助)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。EAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingpanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtestinonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?17.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.CPickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.19.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.20.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】17.D18.D19.A20.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingpanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。【18题详解】词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thewrongdonationsendupcostingcharitiespreciousdollarsjusttostoreleftovers(积压物资),whichiswhyclothingmaynotbethebestuseofyourdonationefforts.____21____Thinkofthechildren.Children’sneedsareimportantduringdisasters.Asfamiliesinfluencedbyadisastertrytoprotecttheirchildrenfromtheeffects,theytrytoprovidechildrenwithtoys,snacks,juices,candies,andotherfortitems,particularlyinpostdisasterenvironments.___22___Shelterswillacceptthesedonationsandgivethemoutproperly.Donateyourskillstoyourmunity.Ifyouaretrainedindisasterresponse,youcancontactyourlocalemergencyservicesandtheRedCrosstoseeiftheyneedvolunteers.Letthemknowyourabilities.____23____Donotgoasanindividualvolunteertoadisasterareaexpectingtofindwaystohelp.___24___Timeandfortarethetwomostimportantthingsyoucangiveforfree.Spendtimelisteningtothevictims(受灾群众)withanunderstandingear.Youcanbringbooksandreadtothechildren.Beeavolunteernowforthefuture.Besidesdonatingmoney,volunteeringisthebestwaytogive._____25_____TheRedCrossandcharityorganizationspreferatrainedgroupofvolunteerswhocanjumpintoaction.Theydon’thavetheresourcestotrainduringthedisasters.A.Donatetoanorganizationyoucantrust.B.Theseitemsareexpensivetotransporttoshelters.C.Spendtimecaringforfamiliesandindividualsatshelters.D.Then,theywillfollowupiftheyareinneedofvolunteers.E.However,youhavetobeginthisprocesslongbeforeanydisasterhits.F.Turnyourdollarsintotoysandentertainmentchoicesforkidsofallages.G.Herearesometipsyoucanfollowtohelppeopleinneedinthemostwiseways.【答案】21.G22.F23.D24.C25.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何给灾区人们提供帮助，提出了一些实用的建议。【21题详解】根据上文“Thewrongdonationsendupcostingcharitiespreciousdollarsjusttostoreleftovers(积压物资),whichiswhyclothingmaynotbethebestuseofyourdonationefforts.”可知，错误的捐赠只会花费慈善机构宝贵的金钱来储存积压的物资，这就是为什么衣物可能不是你捐赠的最佳途径。再结合下文提到的四个建议，可推知设空处应给人们一些捐赠或帮助有需要的人的建议。G项“这里有一些建议你可以采纳，以用最明智的方式来帮助那些有需要的人”符合语境。故选G。【22题详解】根据上文“Asfamiliesinfluencedbyadisastertrytoprotecttheirchildrenfromtheeffects,theytrytoprovidechildrenwithtoys,snacks,juices,candies,andotherfortitems,particularlyinpostdisasterenvironments.”（当受灾的家庭努力保护孩子不受影响时，他们尽量给孩子们提供玩具、零食、果汁、糖果或其它带来安慰的物品，尤其在灾后的环境中）和下文“Shelterswillacceptthesedonationsandgivethemoutproperly.”（收容所会接收这些捐赠，然后用适当的方式分发出去）可推知，设空处应建议捐赠者买一些玩具给孩子们。F项“把你的钱变成适合各年龄段孩子的玩具和娱乐选择”符合语境，toys是关键词。故选F。【23题详解】根据上文“Ifyouaretrainedindisasterresponse,youcancontactyourlocalemergencyservicesandtheRedCrosstoseeiftheyneedvolunteers.Letthemknowyourabilities.”（如果你接受过灾难应对方面的培训，你可以与当地的应急服务机构和红十字会取得联系，看他们是否需要志愿者。让他们知道你的能力。）可推知，下文应陈述如果他们需要你擅长领域的志愿者就会和你联系。D项“然后，如果他们需要志愿者，他们就会继续跟进。”符合语境，volunteers是关键词。故选D。【24题详解】设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文的“Timeandfortarethetwomostimportantthingsyoucangiveforfree.Spendtimelisteningtothevictims(受灾群众)withanunderstandingear.Youcanbringbooksandreadtothechildren.”（时间和安慰是你能免费给与的最重要的两样东西。花时间倾听受害者的心声。你可以带书读给孩子们听）可知，本段的建议是花时间和受灾的人待在一起，陪伴他们度过艰难时刻。C项“花时间照顾避难所的家庭和个人”符合语境，spendtime是关键词。故选C。【25题详解】根据上文“Beeavolunteernowforthefuture.Besidesdonatingmoney,volunteeringisthebestwaytogive.”（为了未来，现在就成为一名志愿者。除了捐钱，做志愿者是最好的给予方式）和下文“TheRedCrossandcharityorganizationspreferatrainedgroupofvolunteerswhocanjumpintoaction.”（红十字会和慈善组织更喜欢训练有素的志愿者队伍，他们可以立即行动起来。）可推知，设空处应陈述想要成为志愿者，应该在灾难前进行训练，这样才能在灾难来临时给与帮助。E项“然而，你必须在灾难发生前就开始这个过程”符合语境，选项中的thisprocess指代上文提到的beeavolunteer。故选E。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IwasraisedinahousewheremysistersandIweren’ttrustedbyourmothertomanageourownappearance.Asaresult,many_____26_____weremade,andfashiontrendswerealwaysignored.Afewyearsago,Iwashomeforavisit_____27_____mymom,nowinher70s,calledmeintoherbedroom.“Idon’tknowwhattowear,”sheplained.“Yougirlsalwayslookso_____28_____.”I___29___inthedoorway,wonderingifI’dmisheard.“Whatdoyoumean?”Iaskedher.“Youknowwhattowear.”“No,”sheanswered.“Canyou____30____somethingforme?”Iwasso______31______.Thiswasthesamewomanwhotoldmysistershewasn’t______32______towearapairofripped(有破洞的)jeans;thesamewomanwho,inhighschool,___33___mewhileIwasoutatapartytoaskifmyhairwas_____34_____.“Youlookbetterwithitdown,”shetoldme,beforeIcouldanswer.Isuddenly________35________thatmymother—alwayssostrong—notonlywantedmy________36________,butneededit.Iopenedherdrawerand____37____apairofbluejeansandalightbluesweater.“Wearthese,andyou’lllookgood,too.”I____38____.Mymothercertainlydoesn’tneedanyonetotakecareofher.Infact,shestill____39____mygrandmotherwholiveswithher.Butwiththat_____40_____,mymotherandIexchangedthe____41____,fromcaregivertoreceiver.Now,ifwe’retogether,it’s______42______forhertowearanythingwithoutcheckingwithmefirst.I’mstillabitsurprisedthatsheadmittedher_______43_______.Sometimes,_______44_______,itseemslikesheasksmejusttodisagreewithmyanswer.AndIjus