履带式山地运输车研究现状与发展趋势中英文翻译、外文文献翻译、外文翻译

华南理工大学广州学院本科生毕业设计（论文）翻译英文原文名Crawlermountaintransportvehicleresearchstatusanddevelopmenttrend中文译名履带式山地运输车研究现状与发展趋势

学院专业班级学生姓名学生学号指导教师填表日期二〇XX年五月英文原文版出处：Caojg.Crawlermountaintransportstructuredesignanalysis[J],journalofchongqinginstituteoftechnology,1999,03译文成绩：指导教师（导师组长）签名：译文：履带式山地运输车研究现状与发展趋势

我国山区面积占全国总面积的三分之二以上，广大山区有着丰富的森林和矿产资源，水果在我国农业产值中的比重不断增加，为发展经济提供雄厚的物质基础。山区由于地形崎岖，交通闭塞，经济文化常常相对落后。水果生产机械化显得明显滞后，其中果园运输尤为突出。例如我国水果中的柑橘有９０％种植在地形复杂的丘陵和山地区域，但是在种植和采收过程中果品和农资物料运输仍然以人力运输为主，生产效率低、劳动强度大。而传统的轮式农用运输车缺乏地形的针对性。改革开放以来，我国的科学技术、信息技术迅猛发展，各行各业都发生了翻天覆地的变化，工程机械行业同样得到了相应的快速发展。各行各业都在奋力拼搏、大胆创新，使得工程机械品种不断增加、产量不断提高、性能不断完善，发展势头强劲。山地运输车是工程机械的一个重要品种，是一种广泛用于建筑、铁路、公路、水利、采矿等建设工程的运输机械。山地运输车由发动机、液压系统、传动装置、底盘几部分组成。发动机的作用是提供动力；液压系统功能是把发动机机械能以油液为介质，利用油泵转变为液压能传送给油缸、马达等，再传动各个执行机构，实现各种运动；底盘的作用是承重、传力并保证满足对车速、牵引力和行驶方向的要求。底盘是组成整体的主要部分，行走机构的性能优劣直接影响整机的使用性能、经济性能。目前国外农用运输车产品基本可分为日韩型、意德型、英法型和美加型。日本、韩国两国的地理环境主要以山区为主，耕种规模不大，使得自走式履带、轮式小型运输车得以盛行。意大利与德国的地形特点是丘陵和山区占多数，但以农场经营管理为主，主要使用独立式农用运输车和农用拖拉机变形运输车。英国、法国等众多欧洲国家的地理环境与农场经营规模与以上两种模式有较大差异，主要以中型农场为主，使用农用客货两用车和大型厢式农用货车作运输之用的同时又可满足日常生活的需要。以美国、加拿大和澳大利亚为代表的大农业国家，更多的是使用重型载货汽车和半挂牵引汽车作为农业运输用途的工具。近年来我国山地果园田间运输技术已有所突破，主要技术有架空运输索道和轨道形式。这两种运输技术，为山地陡坡果园的农资和果品运输提供了解决方案，但存在机动性较差的缺点。为更好地提高山地缓坡地果园的运输效率，设计一种操作轻便而且适应性好的运输车很有必要。针对以山地为主的果园地理环境，在无路的粘性土壤路面，轮式车辆的附着力明显小于接地面积较大的履带式车辆，后者对复杂地形的适应性也明显优于前者。（1）能无极调速且调速范围大，例如液压马达的最高转速与最低转速之比可达到1000:1。（2）能得到较低的稳定转速，例如柱塞式液压马达的稳定转速可低达1r/min。（3）传动平稳，结构简单，可吸收冲击和振动，操作省力，易实现自动化控制。（4）易于实现标准化、系列化、通用化。但是由于工作环境的恶劣，对机体的损害较大，磨损严重。运输车的种类繁多，可以从不同角度对其来写进行划分：（1）根据主要机构传动来写划分根据主要机构是否全部采用液压传动，山地运输车分为机械传动、全液压传动和非全液压（或称半液压）传动两种；（2）根据行走机构的类型划分（1）履带式底盘结构的设计应有利于提高运输机在山地果园运行的通过性，即具有较好的转向性能、较强的爬坡能力和抗侧翻能力。（2）设计履带式运输车的转向及行走控制系统应有利于提高操纵轻便性，适应山地果园运输作业。（3）运输车的动力传动系统应有利于提高运输机的牵引力、承载能力、运输效率及燃油经济性。（4）车厢结构及整机布局应优化设计，提高运输机的通用性、适应性和降低使用成本。

山地果园自走式履带运输车除了要具有山地行驶能力外还需要在高载重情况下工作，因此对其总体设计应要求具有合理的布局和结构紧凑。在动力性方面应保证其有足够的驱动力以获得较好的加速、爬坡与越障性能，同时提高履带式运输车的安全性和稳定性也极为重要。由于整车尺寸相对较小，履带底盘的尺寸也有限，因此在山区丘陵地带凹凸不平的路面行驶时比大中型履带车辆易侧翻，提高其各种负荷下的抗侧翻性能显得尤其重要。山地运输车主要由发动机、传动系统、行走装置和电气控制等部分组成。底盘可以分为履带式与轮式，轮式底盘运用较广，但是它的牵引附着性能较差，在坡地、粘重、潮湿地及沙土地的使用受到一定的限制；履带式底盘牵引附着性能好，单位机宽、牵引力大、接地比压低、越远性能强、稳定性好，在坡地、粘重、潮湿地及沙土地的使用具有更好的性能传动系统由液压泵、控制阀、液压马达、制动器、行星齿轮减速器、管路、油箱等组成；行走装置由四轮一带组成；电气控制系统包括监控盘、发动机控制系统、泵控制系统、各类传感器、电磁阀等。间长、作业噪声大等诸多问题。外文原文：CrawlermountaintransportvehicleresearchstatusanddevelopmenttrendTheabove

Chinesemountainareaaccountsfor

2/3ofthetotalareaof

thecountry,

themajorityof

mountainousareaboastsrich

forest

andmineralresources,

theproportionof

fruit

inChina's

agriculturaloutputvalue

inthegrowing,

provideastrongfoundationforthe

developmentoftheeconomy.

Becauseof

theruggedterrainandmountains,

blockingtraffic,

economy

cultureoften

lagsbehindrelatively.

Fruit

productionmechanization

obviouslylagbehind,

which

transportisparticularly

prominent

inorchard.

Forexample,

China's

fruit

ofCitrus

have90%grownin

complexterrain

hillyandmountainous

region,

butin

theprocessof

plantingand

harvesting

fruit

andagricultural

materialtransport

stillwith

human

transportationprimarily,

lowproductionefficiency,

highlaborintensity.

Wheeledagricultural

transportvehicle

and

thetraditionallackof

pertinence

ofterrain.

Sincethereformandopeningup,

therapiddevelopmentofscienceand

technology,

informationtechnologyinourcountry,

allwalksoflife

haveundergone

changesin

turntheworldupsidedown,

engineeringmachinery

industryalso

obtainedthefast

developmentof

thecorresponding.

Inallwalksoflife

struggle,

boldinnovation,

makethe

engineeringmachinery

breedincreasesceaselessly,

andconstantlyimprovetheproduction

performance,

continuousimprovement,

thestrongmomentumofdevelopment.Mountain

transportis

animportant

variety

ofconstructionmachinery,

transportmachinery

is

akindof

widelyusedinconstruction,

railway,

highway,

waterconservancy,

miningandother

constructionprojects.

Mountain

transportvehicleconsistsof

engine,

hydraulicsystem,

transmissiondevice,

thechassis

consistsofseveralparts.

Theengine'sroleisto

providepower;

hydraulicsystemfunction

isthe

mechanicalenergyengine

with

oil

asmedium,using

oilpump

into

hydraulicenergy

transmittedtothe

cylinder,

motor,

to

drive

thevariousimplementingagencies,toachieveavarietyof

motion;

thechassis

istheroleof

thebearing,

theforcetransmission

and

satisfy

thespeed,tractionand

drivingdirection

requirements.

Thechassisisthemain

partof

theoverall

performance,

walkingmechanism

directlyinfluencetheusingperformance,

economic

performanceofthewholemachine.Atpresentforeign

agriculturaltransportvehicle

basicproduct

canbedividedinto

SouthKorea,

ItalyandGermany,BritainandFrance

type

and

type

ofadditive.

Japan,

SouthKorea's

geographicalenvironment

mainlyinmountainousareas,

thescale

isnotlarge,

whichmakesthe

self-propelled

crawler,

smallsizedwheeled

transportvehicle

prevail.

Thetopographicfeaturesof

ItalyandGermany

ishilly

and

mountainousarea

accountedforthemajority,

but

tothe

farmbusiness

managementprimarily,

themainuseof

independenttype

agriculturalvehiclesand

farmtractors

deformation

transportvehicle.

Geographicalenvironmentand

farm

Britain,

France

andmanyother

Europeancountries,

businessscale

and

morethantwomodes

have

greatdifferences,

mainly

medium-sizedfarms,

alsoneedstouse

agricultural

van

Van

trucks

for

transport

andlarge

agricultural

use

and

canmeettheneedsof

dailylife.

To

USA,

CanadaandAustralia

astherepresentativeofthe

large

agriculturalcountry,

more

istheuseof

heavytrucks

and

semi-trailertowingvehicle

asagricultural

transportationuses

tools.Inrecentyears

theMountainousOrchard

FieldTransportation

Technologyinourcountry

hasbeen

abreakthrough,

themaintechnical

overhead

transport

cableway

andtrackform.

Thesetwokindsof

transportationtechnology,

andprovidesasolutionforthe

mountain

slope

orchard

ofagriculturalmeansofproduction

andtransportoffruits,

butthereare

lessmaneuverable

shortcomings.

Inordertobetterimprovethe

mountain

slopesorchard

transportefficiency,

itisnecessarytodesign

akindof

convenientoperation

and

goodadaptability

oftransportationvehicle.

Takingthe

Mountainous

Orchard

geographic

environment,

inaviscous

soil

pavementwithout

road,

wheeledvehicle

adhesion

significantlylessthanthe

ground

withlargerarea

oftrackedvehicle,

thelatter

adaptability

tocomplextopography

isalsosignificantlybetterthan

theformer.(1)

canbe

steplessspeedregulation

and

widespeedrange,

suchasthe

ratioof

maximumspeed

and

minimumspeed

ofthehydraulicmotor

toachievethe

1000:1.(2)

cangeta

stable

lowspeed,

suchas

stablespeed

pistonhydraulicmotor

canbeaslowas1r/min.(3)

smoothtransmission,

simplestructure,

canabsorb

shockandvibration,

labor-savingoperation,

easyto

realizeautomaticcontrol.(4)

iseasytorealizethestandardization,

seriation,

universalization.Butbecauseof

the

bad

workingenvironment,

greatdamagetothebody,

seriouswearandtear.Thevarietyof

species

transportvehicle,

fromdifferentangles

onthe

division

to

write:(1)

towritethe

partition

accordingtothemain

transmissionmechanismAccordingto

whetherthe

main

mechanism

withhydraulicdrive,

mechanicaltransmission,

fullhydraulictransmissionandnon

fullhydraulic

mountain

transportvehicle

division

(or

semi

hydraulic

transmissionintwo);(2)

accordingtothe

classification

ofthewalkingmechanism(1)

shouldhelp

improve

transport

in

MountainousOrchard

runthroughthe

design

ofcrawlerchassis

structure,whichhas

goodsteeringperformance,

strongclimbing

abilityand

antirollover

ability.(2)

to

walk

andcontrolsystem

shouldbeconducivetoimproving

themaneuverabilityof

thedesignof

thecrawlertransporter,

adapttothe

MountainousOrchard

transportoperations.(3)

transportvehicle

powertransmissionsystems

areconducivetopromotingthe

conveyor

traction,

bearingcapacity,

transportationefficiencyand

fueleconomy.(4)

thecarriagestructure

andwhole

layout

shouldoptimizethedesign,

improvethe

versatility

and

adaptabilityoftransport,

reduceusecost.MountainousOrchard

self-propelled

crawlertransporter

inadditiontoa

mountain

driving

ability

also

needtoworkathigh

load

conditions,

andshouldthereforebe

requiredtohave

areasonable

andcompact

layoutandstructureof

theoveralldesign.

Inthepower

aspect

shouldensurethatit

has

sufficient